• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.548-560
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a simulation-based education course and to evaluate the results after the application for second year nursing students. Methods: This study was a non-equivalent control pre-post design. Based on the clinical situation scenarios about patients with COPD and MI, a total of two simulation-based learning modules was developed. Pretest and posttest was conducted to evaluate the difference in critical thinking disposition, problem solving, and clinical competence between two groups of 102 students for the experimental group, 2007 and 90 students for the control group, 2006. The experimental group conducted a clinical performance evaluation in the final test, on December 10, 2007. Results: In the experimental group, knowledge related to learning objectives was significantly increased and core intervention was performed almost exactly, but the same result was not observed in domains of analysis of laboratory test, and nursing education for patients. Self-evaluated clinical competence and problem solving level were significantly more improved in the experimental group than control group, but critical thinking disposition level wasn't. Conclusion: In conclusion, a simulation-based education course needs to utilize self-directed learning module like computer-based learning through web contents and MicroSim and video productions for improving nursing students' critical thinking.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct the education applying Havruta's method for nursing students and to examine its effect on the communication competency, critical thinking competency, and self-leadership. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 138 nursing students at two universities. The experimental group (n=70) received the education applying Havruta's method for six weeks. The study was carried out from September 23 to November 8, 2019. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 for the 𝑥² test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. Results: The experimental group had a significant increase in communication competency (t=2.44, p=.016). However, there was no significant difference in critical thinking competency (t=1.85, p=.067), and self-leadership (t=1.78, p=.077) between the two groups. Conclusion: The education applying Havruta's method is an effective nursing education for communication competency. The result of this study could be a guide for nursing professors at the nursing education field when developing education programs that apply Habruta's method. Based on these results, future studies should be conducted to apply Habruta's teaching method to various nursing majors.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2012

The MHD virial theorem applied for observed photospheric field may be the one of way to estimate magnetic energy of generally invisible coronal magnetic structure. However, the photospheric field is not in a force-free state, so the application of virial theory needs some care. Here we use a series of MHD simulations of emerging field to investigate how we can apply the virial theorem to the emerging field. In early emerging phase, virial energy has a minus value although positive area at the photosphere is continuously generated toward a late emerging phase. We discuss why this tendency occurs. Then we derive the critical height where the actual emerging magnetic energy is almost comparable to the virial energy. If the difference between virial energy and magnetic energy becomes 10 percentage of the magnetic energy, we define this is the critical height, and assume the emerging field is close to force-free. We also discuss how the critical height changes with the initial twist of an emerging flux tube.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Purpose: The study sought to determine the state of blood glucose control, and the consequent clinical effects and variation in blood glucose level, of adult patients admitted to intensive care units following cardiothoracic surgery by comparing the blood glucose levels before and after the application of a blood glucose control protocol. Methods: The protocol was developed by modifying and supplementing the Yale protocol, and was first used in 2012. The resulting blood glucose data of an experimental group (n = 314), to which the blood glucose control protocol had been applied, and a control group (n = 347), whose blood glucose levels had been controlled according to physicians'prescriptions without the protocol, were collected through the medical records. Results: The target blood glucose ratio increased significantly in the experimental group, and the low blood glucose ratio decreased significantly in the experimental group. The two groups exhibited a significant difference (p < .001) in the degree of variation in the blood glucose levels. The duration of the use of a ventilator was significantly reduced in the experimental group (p < .001). Conclusion: It is expected that the protocol can be used for the safe and effective control of critically ill cardiothoracic surgery patients' blood glucose levels.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 1999

Particle motion through a disk type critical orifice placed in a 3.0cm diameter chamber has been studied numerically. In the simulation, the velocity field is solved using Pantankar's SIMPLER algorithm for the compressible flow and convergence of the computation is confirmed if the mass source at each control volume is smaller than $10^{-7}$. The particle motion in the flow field is solved in Lagrangian method. The particle trajectories showed that the particles injected away from the center line are expanded rapidly. At lower pressures, this expansion phenomena are more dominant. At lower pressures, the clear difference in particle and air speed is showed all the way down to the exit plan. It was found that particles with Stokes number of ca.2.5 tend to focus close to the center line very well except the particles travelling near the wall. However, particles with Stokes number greater than ca.2.5 show a tendency to cross the center line.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of extended family visiting hours in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The subjects were 168 ICU patients and their family members. Two 30-minute visits a day were allowed to the control group according to current policy, while four 30-minute visits a day were allowed to the experimental group. Patients' state anxiety was measured at the first day of ICU admission, and on the third day of ICU admission patients' anxiety and family satisfaction were measured. For the infection rate, comparison was made between the experimental and control data-collecting periods. Results: The patients' state anxiety significantly decreased in the experimental group. Family satisfaction of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group. There was no significant difference in the infection rate. Nurses positively evaluated extension of visiting hours because it could stabilize patients, reduce the number of arrangements for additional visits, and help establish trust relationship with families. Conclusion: Extended family visiting hours in the ICU reduced patients' anxiety and improved family satisfaction but had no effect on the infection rate. Extended family visiting hours in the ICU is expected to improve the quality of critical care.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.974-979
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• 2008

A design process for the structure-borne noise in a passenger vehicle is presented. The proposed process is improved from the previous one. The major difference between the current and last ones is that most of the countermeasures should be developed before fixing a tool for structural parts. This is requested for QCDP(Quality, Cost, Delivery and Productivity) by the design engineers. The proposed one consists of 4 steps: Problem definition, Cause analysis, Development of counter-measure and Validation. Based on the general rule: divide and conquer, the complex problem can be simplified into a few critical sub-systems through the first step: Problem definition. Secondly, the critical causes can be identified for the critical sub-systems through the second step: Cause analysis. Thirdly, effective countermeasures are investigated and produced through the third step: Countermeasure development. The proposed countermeasures are finally validated in the forth step: Validation.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a valid and reliable Korean Patient Classification System for Critical Care Nurses (KPCSC). Methods: Tertiary and general hospitals with various levels of ICU nurse staffing were included. To verify interrater reliability, data collectors and staff nurses of 15 ICUs in 11 hospitals classified 262 patients. To verify construct validity, the staff nurses classified 457 patients according to KPCSC comparing difference by medical department and type of stay in ICU. For conversion index, 195 patients from 10 ICUs in 7 hospitals were classified and nursing time was measured by 174 nurses, 7 head nurses, 18 charge nurses, 37 nurse aids and 1 secretary. Results: The developed KPCSC has 11 categories, 82 nursing activities and 115 criterias. Reliability was found to have high agreement (r=.96). Construct validity was verified by comparing differences in medical department and type of stay in ICU. According to scores, four groups in the KPCSC were identified. One score on the KPCSC indicates 6.12 minutes of nursing time. Conclusion: The findings show that the KPCSC can be used to measure new and complex nursing demands including rehabilitation and the safety of ICU patients.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 2020

In this research, the buckling analysis of sandwich beam with composite reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) in two face sheets is investigated. Three type various porosity patterns including uniform, symmetric and asymmetric are considered through the thickness direction of the core. Also, the top and bottom face sheets layers are considered composite reinforced by GPLs/CNTs based on Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model and extended mixture rule, respectively. Based on various shear deformation theories such as Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and Reddy beam theories, the governing equations of equilibrium using minimum total potential energy are obtained. It is seen that the critical buckling load decreases with an increase in the porous coefficient, because the stiffness of sandwich beam reduces. Also, it is shown that the critical buckling load for asymmetric distribution is lower than the other cases. It can see that the effect of graphene platelets on the critical buckling load is higher than carbon nanotubes. Moreover, it is seen that the difference between carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets for Reddy and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories is most and least, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.183-185
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• 1994

A new method for determination of electric parameter of cell membranes is proposed. Two circular electrodes is designed to have repulsive force. From the potential energy analysis, stable points where a cell is levitated between electrodes exist and move as frequency or voltage change. The levitated cell in the stable point fall freely when DEP force is zero. The DEP force is dependent on the frequency and the force is zero at the critical frequency. The critical frequency is determined by measuring the difference between the time taken at zero-applied voltage and the time taken at the frequency and the voltage. For example, the critical frequency and stable points of N.crassa slime cell is numerically evaluated. In the exeriment, polystyrene in water is levitated at the stable point. We show that the stable point move as the applied voltage is changed.