Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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v.10
no.2
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pp.63-79
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2008
With the recent development of advanced GIS and complex spatial analysis technologies, the more sophisticated technologies are being required to support the advanced knowledge for solving geographical or spatial problems in various decision support systems. In addition, necessity for research on scientific crime investigation and forensic science is increasing particularly at law enforcement agencies and investigation institutions for efficient investigation and the prevention of crimes. There are active researches on geographic profiling to predict the base location such as criminals' residence by analyzing the spatial patterns of serial crimes. However, as previous researches on geographic profiling use simply statistical methods for spatial pattern analysis and do not apply a variety of spatial and temporal analysis technologies on serial crimes, they have the low prediction accuracy. Therefore, this paper identifies the typology the spatio-temporal patterns of serial crimes according to spatial distribution of crime sites and temporal distribution on occurrence of crimes and proposes STA-BLP(Spatio-Temporal Analysis based Base Location Prediction) algorithm which predicts the base location of serial crimes more accurately based on the patterns. STA-BLP improves the prediction accuracy by considering of the anisotropic pattern of serial crimes committed by criminals who prefer specific directions on a crime trip and the learning effect of criminals through repeated movement along the same route. In addition, it can predict base location more accurately in the serial crimes from multiple bases with the local prediction for some crime sites included in a cluster and the global prediction for all crime sites. Through a variety of experiments, we proved the superiority of the STA-BLP by comparing it with previous algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.
Apartments are built in small countries to accommodate densely populated cities and maximize urbanization. Many apartment complexes have been built in recent reconstruction or redevelopment projects. An increase in crime has resulted due to residents living in a narrow space. Larceny is the most commonly reported crime in apartment complexes. Apartments can be classified as stairway, hallway, or plane surface. This study compares and analyzes the frequency of theft by apartment type to assist in creating a safer residential space. In America and England, scholars studied to make a safer residential space, and have applied the theory of 'the Defensible Space' and 'Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)' since 1970s. Korean apartment design now reflects CPTED in new apartment construction. In this study, 12 apartment complexes were selected in Changwon city to conduct analysis of theft in selected complexes. The study will cover housing invasion theft, motorcycle and car theft and snatching. The most frequency larceny is motorcycle and car theft, the second is housing invasion theft, and the least frequent is snatching. More residents' motorcycles and cars are damaged in a hallway style apartment. More frequently inhabitants have their possessions snatched on a stairway form. 1) When we build new apartment complexes, we must plan to improve territoriality and enhance a natural surveillance by reinforcing dwellers' relationship. Through planning we can prevention the larceny in apartments.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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v.20
no.12
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pp.546-554
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2019
Typically, closed-circuit television (CCTV) monitoring is mainly used for post-processes (i.e. to provide evidence after an incident has occurred), but by using a streaming video feed, machine-based learning, and advanced image recognition techniques, current technology can be extended to respond to crimes or reports of missing persons in real time. The multi-CCTV cooperation technique developed in this study is a program model that delivers similarity information about a suspect (or moving object) extracted via CCTV at one location and sent to a monitoring agent to track the selected suspect or object when he, she, or it moves out of range to another CCTV camera. To improve the operating efficiency of local government CCTV control centers, we describe here the partial automation of a CCTV control system that currently relies upon monitoring by human agents. We envisage an integrated crime prevention service, which incorporates the cooperative CCTV network suggested in this study and that can easily be experienced by citizens in ways such as determining a precise individual location in real time and providing a crime prevention service linked to smartphones and/or crime prevention/safety information.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual situation of crime victimization by North Korean defectors and to examine whether any of the protection and support systems for defectors has a statistically significant effect on the perceived effectiveness for preventing the criminal victimization of North Korean Defectors. The subjects of this study were 107 police officers from the 17 provincial police departments. Independent variables were (1) social adaptation education in Hanawon, (2) protection officer system, (3) legal support system, (4) private participation system, (5) support for family life, (6) community participation activity. And the dependent variable is the crime prevention effectiveness for the defectors. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was found that the independent variables that have a significant effect on the effectiveness of prevention of crime victimization were protection officer system and support for family life. First, in order to prevent the crime victimization of North Korean defectors in advance, three kinds of protection officer system that will be received after the transfer of the residence should play the role successfully. Second, the efforts of the government and municipalities alone are insufficient for the early settlement of North Korean defectors. Therefore, it is necessary to diversify the support and protection programs for North Korean refugees through cooperation with civic organizations. Third, it is necessary to expand the legal education time so that North Korean defectors do not suffer crime because of lack of legal knowledge. Fourth, in order to prevent North Korean defectors from being victimized by various kinds of crime, it is necessary to actively support them so that family life can be stabilized.
This article assesses the recent police reform strategy in England and Wales with the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011. Police and Crime Commissioners have a responsibility not just for the police force but also for reducing crime in their area of responsibility. This ensures that their remit runs much more widely than their predecessor body, the police authority. The article goes on to evaluate the nature and extent of crime by making immediate use of survey of local police commanders. The surveys showed that police commands were swamped with minor crime and anti-social offences. The arrival of Police and Crime Commissioners has meant that now police priorities can be more closely aligned to those of the public and where anti-social behaviour is now recognised as impacting on the lives of many residents more significantly than criminal activity. The article highlights the changes introduced by government following the Winsor Review to police pay, pensions and conditions of service. It reflects on the impact of this on both police morale and professional motivation. It suggests that current government policy is now haemorrhaging the police service as increasing numbers of experienced officers are leaving the police service which could ultimately undermine its long-term resilience as a strategic emergency service.
It is a newly defined concept of digital sex crimes as the sex crime pattern in Korea is integrated with digital technology. After examining the current status and response of digital sex crimes in Korea, legal and institutional gaps are identified.It is also aimed at drawing up appropriate responses to domestic situations compared to cases in major foreign countries. This study adopted the mode of literature research.It used related data from government agencies, various statistics and survey data, seminar data organized by the National Assembly office, women's organizations, and research reports. The ultimate goal is to derive the problem situation by analyzing the current system.The results of this study are to discuss digital sex crimes that are being expanded and reproduced by the development of digital media. It also points out that the legal vacuum caused by the law's failure to keep up with the law needs to be continued.Our conclusion is that we should actively accept best practices from abroad. In addition, it is necessary to create a community value in which all members of society become "monitors" in the recognition that they may be perpetrators or victims.
The effects of media violence on the delinquent behavior and violence of children and adolescent are controversial. However, a small but genuine association appears to exist between media violence and aggression or violence. At the present, for a considerable proportion of the population of children and adolescent, delinquent behavior and violence has become a major problem and a way of life. One factor contributing to this problem has been assumed to be the negative influence of mass media including television, drama, videotapes and fiction magazines and so on. Therefore, this paper is intended to discriminate the causal relationship of influence of mass media and juvenile delinquent behavior and violence and to provide nine hypotheses derived from reviewing the literature related to mass media and delinquent behavior. The nine hypotheses are as follows : 1. The presence of modeling mass media crime themes and the extent of interest in and exposure of children and adolescent to media violence themes will be positively correlated to their delinquent(aggressive) behavior. 2. A higher positive correlation will be revealed between interest in and exposure to media violence themes and aggressive behavior among adolescent having parental rejection than among adolescent not experiencing parental rejection. 3. A higher positive relationship will be found between interest in and exposure to mass media crime themes and delinquent behavior among youth having need deprivation than among youth not having need frustration. 4. A higher positive relationship will be presented between the presence of imitating mass media crime themes and interest in and exposure to media violence themes and delinquent or aggressive behavior among youth dysplaying their maladaptive character tendency than among those adolescent dysplaying adaptive character tendency. 5. A higher positively correlating relationship will be shown between interest in and exposure to mass media crime themes and delinquent behavior among youth with a higher scores of depressive trend than among those youth having few or no depression. 6. A higher positive relationship will be found between interest in and exposure to media violence themes and aggressive behavior among adolescent complaining of a high degree of psychosomatic complaints than among those youth having few or no psychosomatic complaints. 7. A higher positive correlation will be appeared between interest in and exposure to mass media crime themes and delinquent behavior among youth displaying aggressive impulsiveness than among those youth having few or no aggressive impulsiveness. 8. A higher positive relationship will be found between interest in and exposure to media violence themes and aggressive behavior among youth having antisocial character or neurotic character with weak ego functioning than among those adolescent not having antisocial character or neurotic character with weak ego functioning. 9. A higher positive correlation will be existed between interest in and exposure to mass media crime themes and delinquent behavior among adolescent displaying the lack of sociality than among those youth not having the lack of sociality. The above nine hypotheses will be tested by statistical methods including Chi-square test, simple correlation, principal component analysis, principal component regression analysis and LISREL path analysis.
Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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2016.10a
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pp.561-564
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2016
If using crime map which represents criminal section that violent crimes targeting women frequently happened, the police could prevent additional crimes by positioning themselves intensively in expected crime zones and each individual could avoid being damaged by referring information of criminal zones. In this paper, by analyzing crimes targeting women and offender information which is provided in public-opened datum portal, we suppose a system which prevents crimes that calculates locational danger and, by considering location and age group of users, provides user-customized information of danger. By crawling the criminals datum which is provided in public-opened datum portal, It collects them. About the areas which happened sexual crimes, calculating danger of crime based on statistical crime information including criminal information, residence of offenders, areas which happened sexual crimes, sentences and the number of crime, this system is able to visualize the areas which sexual crimes happened based on information of danger grade representing on user's location. The score of danger calculated in location unit can provide criminal information according to location and ages of users by interacting GIS.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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v.47
no.1
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pp.49-56
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2019
Urban green spaces have been contributing to the improvement of environmental, mental, and physical health for humans. In addition, recent studies showed the potential role of vegetation in reducing the amount of crime in inner-city neighborhoods at the micro-scale level. However, little is known about the positive role of urban green areas in improving urban safety at the regional level. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between urban green areas and actual outdoor crime rates, while also considering socio-demographic factors. The study area is the city of Austin, Texas, USA, which consists of 506 block groups. This study utilized socio-demographic factors based on U.S. Census data and vegetation-related factors utilizing GIS and ENVI software. For analyses, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an ordinary least square (OLS) regression were utilized. The results from ANOVA showed that yearly crime rates per acre for areas having 0%~25% trees in their neighborhoods were 0.46% and 1.05% higher than those of having 25%~50% and >50% trees in the neighborhoods, respectively. The results from the OLS regression represented that income, NDVI and park rates in neighborhoods were negatively associated with the crime rate per acre, whereas the percentage of minorities and the percentage of teenage school dropouts were positively associated with the crime rate per acre. This study implies that urban green areas may help to improve the safety of urban areas.
Purpose: In the case of cavity discovered by ground penetrating radar exploration, it is necessary to accurately predict the filling amount in the cavity in advance, fill the cavity sufficiently and exert strength to ensure stability and prevent ground subsidence. Method: The cavity waveform analysis method by GPR exploration and the method using the cavity shape imaging equipment were performed to measure the cavity shape with irregular size and shape of the actual cavity, and the amount of cavity filling of the injection material was calculated during rapid restoration. Result: The expected filling amount was presented by analyzing the correlation between the cavity size and the filling amount of injection material according to the cavity scale and soil depth through the method by GPR exploration and the cavity scale calculation using the cavity shaping equipment. Conclusion: The cavity scale measured by the cavity imaging equipment was found to be in the range of 20% to 40% of the cavity scale by GPR exploration. In addition, the filling amount of injection material compared to the cavity scale predicted by GPR exploration was in the range of about 60% to 140%, and the filling amount of the injection material compared to the cavity size by the cavity shaping equipment was confirmed to be about 260% to 320 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the types of crimes taking place in the metaverse, and to establish a crime prevention strategy and find a legal deterrent against it. Method: In order to classify crime types in the metaverse, crime types were analyzed based on the results of previous studies and current incidents. Result: Most of the crimes taking place in the metaverse are done in games such as Roblox or Zeppetto. Most of the game users were teenagers. Looking at the types, there are many teens for sexual crimes, violent crimes, and defamation, but professional criminals are often included in copyright infringement, money laundering using virtual currency, and fraud. Conclusion: Since the types of crimes in the metaverse are diverse, various institutional supplementary mechanisms such as establishment of police crime prevention strategies, legal regulations, and law revisions will have to be prepared.
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