• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-198
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new BIS regulation, which is the preparations to incorporate not only credit risk but also market and operation risk, on the bank behaviors. As methodology, SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) and pool unit test are used in the empirical analysis of banks survived in Korea. It is employed that quarterly data of BIS capital ratio, ratio of standard and below loans to total loans, ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities, allowances for credit losses, real GDP, yields of corporate bonds(3years, AA) covering the period of 2000Q1~2009Q1. As a result, it could be indicated that effectiveness and promoting improvements of BIS capital regulation policy as follows; First, it is explicitly seen that weight of lending had decreased and specific gravity of international investment had increased until before BIS regulation is built up a step for revised agreement in late 2001. Second, after more strengthening of BIS standard in late 2002, banks had a tendency to decrease the adjustment of assets weighted risk through issuing of national loan that is comparatively low profitability. Also, it is implicitly sought that BIS regulation is a bit of a factor to bring about credit crunch and then has become a bit of a factor of economic stagnation. Third, as the BIS regulation became hard, it let have a effort to raise the soundness of a credit loan because of selecting good debtor based on its credit ratings. Fourth, it should be arranged that the market disciplines, the effective superintendence system and the sound environment to be able to raise enormous bank capital easily, against the credit stringency and reinforce the soundness of banks etc. in Korea capital market.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.47-59
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• 2020

This paper intends to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and financial stability under the scope of Asian economies. The linkage will be thoroughly investigated with country-level and bank-level data of 42 countries in three separate years: 2011, 2014, and 2017. In this study, an inclusive financial system is assessed by two dimensions: usage of financial services and access to the financial system. Usage of financial services ranges from account to credit, savings and payment services. Access to financial system measures the financial outreach where individuals can use financial services. Meanwhile, financial stability, which proxied by Bank Z-score is regarded as the dependent variable. We apply fixed effects regression and random effects regression to capture the impacts of financial inclusion upon financial stability. To enhance the robustness of the model, the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression is therefore adopted as the solution for the random effects regression. The empirical findings exhibit an overall weak positive influence of financial inclusion on financial stability. The research results also provide both financial institutions and governments with insightful information, which helps them to have an appropriate financial development strategy, improve the regulatory framework and consequently enhance financial stability for the whole system.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.93-117
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• 2000

Fisheries finance is divided into the policy time of long period of time and low interest and the special financing institutions, such as Fisheries Co-operatives. Union system finance is the system finance, which supports the fisheries system organization. Fisheries Co-operatives in cities, towns and villages are the independent management objects. Prefecture federation of Fisheries Co-operative is in prefecture stage. Norm Chukin Bank is in national stage. Each shares functions in these three stages, and finance is performed systematically, Fisheries policy finance comprises government financial institution capital such as the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Finance Corporation whish is based on the capital of a country or a prefecture financial fund, and fishery Modernization Capital used as financial funds through the government. Moreover, to complement such finance institutionally, Fisheries Credit Foundations, Agriculture and Fisheries Saving Insurance Corporation and National fisheries Co-operative Trust Enterprise Mutual Aid system have been established

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Objectives: As nationally qualified health education specialists were produced for the first time in 2010, there is a need to suggest opinions on its quality management by examining university curriculum for health education specialist and its education system and this is the main topic of paper. Results and conclusion: The results are as follows. First, it requires to provide a high-quality education continuously by introducing the certification system for universities which offer health education. Secondly, education content needs to be based on skill for health education specialist and more standardized curriculum should be developed. Thirdly, introduction of validity date for the health education specialist qualification is needed. Fourthly, it is desirable to introduce the academic credit bank system after effectively organizing the management system. Lastly, follow-up course for health education specialist needs to be introduced.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.12
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• pp.429-460
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• 1999

The letter of credit is quintessentially international. In the absence of international legal system, a private system based on banking practices has evolved, commanding the adherence of the international letter of credit community and providing the foundation of th reputation of this instrument. To maintain this international system, it is vital that international standard banking practice should not be subject to local interpretations that misconstrue or distort it. The UCP is a formulation of international standard banking practice. It is neither positive law nor a "contract term" in any traditional sense and its interpretation must be consonant with its character as a living repositary of international understanding in this field. As a result, the interpretation and application of specific articles of the UCP must be consistent with its evolving character and history and with the principles upon which sound letter of credit practice is predicated. This study, especially, focuses on article 13 and article 14 of the UCP500. Article 13(b) of UCP500 stipulates that banks will have a reasonable time, not to exceed seven days, to examine documents to determine whether they comply facially with the terms of the credit. The seven-day provision is not designed as a safe harbor, because the rule requires the issuer to act within a reasonable time. But, by virtue of the deletion of the preclusion rule in the document examination article in UCP500, however, seven days may evolve as something of a safe harbor, especially for banks that engage in strategic behavior. True, under UCP500 banks are supposed to examine documents within a reasonable time, but there are no consequences in UCP500 for a bank's violation of that duty. It is only in the next provision. Courts might read the preclusion more broadly than the literal reading mentioned here or might fashion a common-law preclusion rule that does not require a showing of detriment. Absent that kind of development, the change in the preclusion rule could have adverse effects on the beneficiary. The penalty, strict estoppel or strict preclusion, under UCP500 and 95UCC differs from the classic estoppel. The classic estoppel rule requires a beneficiary to show three elements. 1. conduct on the part of the issuer that leads the beneficiary to believe that nonconforming documents do conform; 2. reasonable reliance by the beneficiary; and 3. detriment from that reliance. But stict preclusion rule needs not detrimental reliance. This strict estoppel rule is quite strict, and some see it as a fitting pro-beneficiary rule to counterbalance the usually pro-issuer rule of strict compliance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.175-207
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• 2014

This paper focuses on the study of a development direction of the industrial security Expert system. First of all, in order to manage Industrial security system, we need to have law, criminology, business and engineering professionals as well as IT experts, which are the multi-dimensional convergence professionals. Secondly, industrial organizations need to have workforce who can perform security strategy; security plan; security training; security services; or security system management and operations. Industrial security certification system can contribute to cultivate above mentioned professional workforce. Currently Industrial Security Expert(ISE) is a private qualification. However, the author argued that it have to be changed to national qualification. In addition, it is necessary that the system should be given credibility with verifying the personnel whether they are proper or not in the their field. In terms of quality innovation, it is also necessary that distinguish the levels of utilization of rating system of the industrial security coordinator through a long-term examination. With respect to grading criteria, we could consider the requirements as following: whether they must hold the degree of the industrial security-related areas of undergraduate or postgraduate (or to be); what or how many industrial security-related courses they should complete through a credit bank system. If the plan of completing certain industrial security-related credits simply through the credit bank system, without establishing a new industrial security-related department, has established, then industrial security study would be spreaded and advanced. For private certification holders, the problem of the qualification succeeding process is important matter. Additionally, it is necessary to introduce the certifying system of ISMS(Industrial Security Management System) which is a specialized system for protecting industrial technology. To sum up, when the industrial security management system links the industrial security management certification, industrial security would realize in the companies and research institutions dealing with national key technology. Then, a group synergy effect would occurs.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.97-119
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• 2002

It is Study Service Model for Case Study of Internet Bank. With most major full service banks having launched transactional Internet banking, attention is shifting to the realities of managing the Internet channel as a profitable component of an overall delivery strategy. In addition to examining Case Study and Internet Bank Model. Services of Internet Banking available through the Internet are as follows. 1. credit card loans, personal loans. 2. high-yield financial products. 3. insurance products. 4. securities products. 5. Case study of Foreign Internet Banking(ING, BNP, HSNC, City Bank). The study reviewed fields, including financial services, customer service, Website formation and design, convenience of use and system safety, Internet Banking Model, and many related areas. Internet Banking earned high marks in most fields. This Study review focuses on the following: Understanding and meeting consumer expectations for us ability, site performance and functionality. Integrating the Internet channel into overall marketing, product delivery and customer service strategies. Strategies to increase customer satisfaction with Internet Banking and to attract new Internet bankers. therefore this study review activity model concretion of Internet Banking Model and Case Study.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.91-129
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• 2024

The Bank of Korea, through a legal amendment in 2011 following the financial crisis, was entrusted with the additional responsibility of financial stability beyond its existing mandate of price stability. Since then, concerns have been raised about the prolonged increase in household debt compared to income conditions, which could constrain consumption and growth and increase the possibility of a crisis in the event of negative economic shocks. The current accumulation of financial imbalances suggests a critical period for the government and central bank to be more vigilant, ensuring it does not impede the stable flow of our financial and economic systems. This study examines the applicability of the Integrated Inflation Targeting (IIT) framework proposed by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) for macro-financial stability in promoting long-term economic stability. Using VAR models, the study reveals a clear increase in risk appetite following interest rate cuts after the financial crisis, leading to a rise in household debt. Additionally, analyzing the central bank's conduct of monetary policy from 2000 to 2021 through DSGE models indicates that the Bank of Korea has operated with a form of IIT, considering both inflation and growth in its policy decisions, with some responsiveness to the increase in household debt. However, the estimation of a high interest rate smoothing coefficient suggests a cautious approach to interest rate adjustments. Furthermore, estimating the optimal interest rate rule to minimize the central bank's loss function reveals that a policy considering inflation, growth, and being mindful of household credit conditions is superior. It suggests that the policy of actively adjusting the benchmark interest rate in response to changes in economic conditions and being attentive to household credit situations when household debt is increasing rapidly compared to income conditions has been analyzed as a desirable policy approach. Based on these findings, we conclude that the integrated inflation targeting framework proposed by the BIS could be considered as an alternative policy system that supports the stable growth of the economy in the medium to long term.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

The B2B e-commerce assurance system supports e-commerce purchases by Credit Guarantee Fund. This process seeks to replace a variety of current systems, including B2C, the credit card payment method on B2B, 2001 Credit Guarantee Fund and the Bank, logistics, e-MP (Market Place), and Business-to-business e-MP (business-to-business electronic payment settlement system). Over the past 10 years of its operation, the e-MP service (B2B e-commerce electronic payment systems) has contributed much to the growth of SMEs. The development of business-to-business e-commerce transactions systems and limits have provided a stable purchasing platform, improving corporate competitiveness. However. the project-based scale of credit guarantee institutions has limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new model of direct or indirect government support for small business e-MP projects. This new model will support the B2B electronic commerce by allowing it to directly involve guarantee institutions directly in B2B online transactions. Therefore, this study urges government backing of the SME based B2B online business model with e-MP service.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2012

IC(Integrated circuits)card, generally be named smard card, embedded MPU(Micro Processor Unit) of small-size, memory, EEPROM, Card Operating System(COS) and security algorithm. The IC card is used in almost all industry such as a finance(credit, bank, stock etc.), a traffic, a communication, a medical, a electronic passport, a membership management and etc. Recently, a application field of IC card is on the increase by method for payments of T-commerce, as T-commerce is becoming a new growth engine of the broadcating industry by trend of broadcasting and telecommunication convergence, smart mechanization of TV. For example, we can pay in IC credit card(or IC cash card) on T-Commerce. or we can be provided TV banking service in IC cash card such as ATM. However, so far, T-commerce payment services have weakness in security such as storage and disclosure of card information as well as dropping sharply about custom ease because of taking advantage of card information input method using remote control. To solve this problem, This paper developed processing payment module for implementing TV electronic payment system using IC credit card payment standard, EMV.