• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2009

The idea of establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law (hereinafter referred to ICASL) is only my academic and practical opinion as first proposal in the global community. The establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law can promote the speed and promote fairness of the trial in air and space law cases. The creation of an ICASL would lead to strengthening of the international cooperation deemed essential by the global community towards joint settlement in the transnational air and space cases, claims and would act as a catalyst for the efforts and solution on aircraft, satellite and space shuttle's accidents and cases and all manpower, information, trial and lawsuit to be centrally managed in an independent fashion to the benefit of global community. The aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents attributes to the particular and different features between the road, railway and maritime's accidents. These aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents have incurred many disputes between the victims and the air and space carriers in deciding on the limited or unlimited liability for compensation and the appraisal of damages caused by the aircraft's accidents, terror attack, satellite, space shuttle's accidents and space debris. This International Court of Air and Space Law could hear any claim growing out of both international air and space crash accidents and transnational accidents in which plaintiffs and defendants are from different nations. This alternative would eliminate the lack of uniformity of decisions under the air and space conventions, protocols and agreements. In addition, national courts would no longer have to apply their own choice of law analysis in choosing the applicable liability limits or un-limit for cases that do not fall under the air and space system. Thus, creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law would eliminate any disparity of damage awards among similarly situated passengers and shippers in nonmembers of air and space conventions, protocols, agreements and cases. Furthermore, I would like to explain the main items of the abovementioned Draft for the Convention or Statute of the International Court of Air and Space Law framed in comparison with the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statue of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Statute of the International Criminal Court. First of all, in order to create the International Court of Air and Space Law, it is necessary for us to legislate a Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law. This Draft for the Convention must include the elected method of judges, term, duty and competence of judge, chambers, jurisdiction, hearing and judgment of the ICASL. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and Council of the ICAO and by the General Assembly and Legal Committee of the UNCOPUOS from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the six continent (the North American, South American, African, Oceania and Asian Continent) and two international organization such as ICAO and UNCOPUOS. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected as one time. However, I would like to propose a creation an International Court of Air and Space Law in extending jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice at the Hague to in order to decide the air and space convention‘s cases. My personal opinion is that if an International Court on Air and Space Law will be created in future, it will be settled quickly and reasonably the difficulty and complicated disputes, cases or lawsuit between the wrongdoer and victims and the injured person caused by aircraft, satellite, spacecraft's accidents or hijacker and terrorists etc. on account of deciding the standard of judgment by judges of that’s court. It is indeed a great necessary and desirable for us to make a new Draft for the Convention on a creation of the International Court of Air and Space Law to handle international air and space crash litigation. I shall propose to make a new brief Draft for the Convention on the Creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law in the near future.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

One way to shield an atypical structure to secure the occupant safety of an impact vehicle is to stack energy absorbing material modules around the structure. To be applicable to a cushion module, material must have enough energy absorbing capabilities while satisfying the safety requirements of the vehicle occupant. Static compression test of the potential materials gives a good indication which material is good for a slacking module. This paper presents the mechanical properties that a cushion material must have to satisfy the safety requirements. Static tests are performed for Quard-Guard system module, sand bag, recycled tires, Geo-Container, Geo-Cell and Expanded Polystyren (EPS) Blocks. Static test results are discussed and EPS block of $30kg/m^{3}$ density showed good potential for a cushion module. To check the dynamic effect of EPS block, drop tests have been made up to 35.6km/h impact speed. Drop test results are compared with static test results and no appreciable difference was found. To improve the EPS module property, making holes to the block is suggested and drop test are performed for the modified blocks. From the drop test results, design values are suggested.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Most of the maritime accidents are the crash that occurred by complex coastal terrain, increased maritime traffic and frequent weather changes. Therefore, transportation safety is exactly determined using accurate environmental informations, but if informations are inaccurate or insufficient, accident risk can be increased. Therefore, ship need the system that can accurately generate transportation safety information. This paper proposes the transportation safety system and performance evaluation in the real environment. The proposed system includes database of environment informations and navigation algorithm using PPP method to estimate the accurate ship position. Therefore, this system can accurately calculate distance or freeboard between ship with other factors. Futhermore, when weather is deteriorated, crew can sail with database based 3-D monitoring module in the transportation safety system. To verify the function and performance, data of Kyungin ARA waterway and ferry is used to evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1938-1945
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• 2014

This study intends to investigate physical trauma in the adolescent during exercise of teenage elite judo players in Seoul. The subjects were male 67, female 14, totally 81 in middle and high school student and the data collected june the first to 28th, 2013. A data were analyzed frequency analysis, chi-square test and t-test using SPSS 16.0 program. The questionaire was contained 6 categories, experience, region, types, time, causes, intervention and preventionof sports injury. The highest results of each categories of this study is that experience of injury is 77(95.1%), region is knee 35(70.0%), type is contusion 42(54.5%), time is summer 54(70.1%), cause is body crash 40(51.9%), and intervention is going hospital 46(59.7%). To prevent physical trauma, we should recognize physical trauma durind exercise as a health problem. And to prevent physical trauma, relatives should make prevention prorgram for adolescent sports players. It will improve their quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.102-106
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to study the failure cases in relation to system of Air Bag in vehicle happened in the field. In the first example, it was separated the soldering parts connected the wire pin between air bag module and clock spring of air bag. Whenever the pin shake by the car's vibration, the driver verified the malfunction phenomenon appeared air bag warning lamp on instrument panel in front of driver's seat. in car inside room. The second example, it verified the warning lamp lighting phenomenon of air bag by produced the circuit plate non-contacting of single an element in air bag electronic control unit. The third example, it verified the light of air bag warning indicator lamp by separated with soldering parts connecting inner pin and resistance terminal of seat belt pretensioner using passenger seat. The fourth example, when the passenger car crash a back of truck, the former bumper get jammed under the latter as the roof height of car low less than that. Therefore, the impact of Car's collision verified that don't transfer with body frame of vehicle because of no attachment impact sensor in it.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2011

In this paper, the behavior of nuclear-power plant subjected to an aircraft impact is performed using the parallel analysis. In the erstwhile study of an aircraft impact to the nuclear-power plant, it has been used that the impact load is applied at the local area by using the impact load-time history function of Riera, and the target structures have been restricted to the simple RC(Reinforced Concrete) walls or RC buildings. However, in this paper, the analysis of an aircraft impact is performed by using a real aircraft model similar to the Boeing 767 and a fictitious nuclear-power plant similar to the real structure, and an aircraft model is verified by comparing the generated history of the aircraft crash against the rigid target with another history by using the Riera's function which is allowable in the impact evaluation guide, NEI07-13(2009). Also, in general, it is required too much time for the hypervelocity impact analysis due to the contact problems between two or more adjacent physical bodies and the high nonlinearity causing dynamic large deformation, so there is a limitation with a single CPU alone to deal with these problems effectively. Therefore, in this paper, Message-Passing MIMD type of parallel analysis is performed by using self-constructed Linux-Cluster system to improve the computational efficiency, and in order to evaluate the parallel performance, the four cases of analysis, i.e. plain concrete, reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete with bonded containment liner plate, steel-plate concrete structure, are performed and discussed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2015

Recently, various research studies on frontal collision and rear-ender which occur more frequently compared to others are underway as the public interest on them is growing. This study analyzes scientifically the relationship between effective impact speed and injury incidence for vehicle crash accident reconstruction and presents a relevant model formula. Because real vehicle experiments have certain limitations such as possible injuries, this study efforts to collect and analyze as many materials as possible to substitute real vehicle experiments, including data from various collision tests and human experiments. As a result, this study present a threshold in which head-on collisions and rear impacts do not cause injuries under 7 km/h of effective impact speed, and suggests a model formula showing that injury extent is linearly proportional to effective impact speed through collision speed and amount of plastic deformation. In conclusion, a model formula for estimating effective impact speed and injury incidence newly proposed in this study is expected to be used as a minimum standard of judgment in disputes on the injury extent of passenger in head-on collisions and rear impacts. Furthermore its availability in terms of technological analysis in legal arguments is expected to be very high if this study will be enhanced by referring to scientific analyses of various real accidents so as to apply it in various types of collision accidents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2014

The number of traffic accidents has been decreased since 2000; however, the downward trend of crash occurrence has been slower after 2006. A few decades ago, physical improvement projects such as alignment improvement and the installation of safety facilities were usually implemented to decrease the occurrence of traffic accidents, but the effects of physical improvement on safety have been gradually decreased. The main objective of this study is to identify how the drivers' characteristics affect and/or are related to traffic accidents. Most of previous works have focused on revealing the difference of the nature of the drivers between the drivers who have no experience and the drivers with experience of traffic accidents. This study tries to analyze the habitual accidents proneness through a survey of drivers' personalities for drivers who were involved in traffic accidents at least once. As a result, nine personality factors were found to be statistically significant: Neuroticism(N), Lie(L), Psychoticism* Neuroticism(PN), Psychoticism*Lie(PL), Extraversion*Lie(EL), Neuroticism*Lie(NL), Impulsiveness(IMP), Venturesomeness(VEN), Empathy(EMP). Among these factors, single character factors were found to increase accidents, whereas complex factors were found to decrease the occurrence of accidents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

This study discussed the meaning of a drone, and especially drone journalism and legal and ethical issues around that, at an introductory dimension, which is used in various social bases, but is still just an academic discussion at the beginning stage. As a methodology, content analysis was used. It seems that drone journalism has high diffusibility as a technology with high 'relative advantage', 'compatibility', 'trial ability' and 'observability' and low 'complexity' in terms of the diffusion of innovation theory. However, it will be very likely that controversies will be raised, such as safety issue due to collision and crash, a dispute over violation of privacy that may seriously infringe privacy like individual portrait rights and a controversy about the accuracy and source of information as drone filming low price and ease of use. Suggest solutions to legal and ethical issues based on existing research. Technical stability is required. Also, it is necessary to change the awareness of journalists about the drones coverage and to educate ethics, and it is necessary to establish social public opinion on issues such as privacy violation and establish system and legal measures through it. Future research is expected to carry out empirical research including journalists and public awareness surveys.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

In the manufacturing industries using HDI(hexamethylene diisocyanate) product hardeners, exposure to HDI is common to spray painters in terms of inhalation and dermal or ocular contact. Due to a lack of information for spray painters in automobile and furniture industries, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the prevalence of adverse health symptoms(33 spray painters and an unexposed group n = 91) to assess the importance of personal controls. Despite the small sample size, common health symptoms were reported, such as skin symptoms(dry cracked skin-61% and dermatitis/skin irritation-33%) and respiratory symptoms(phlegm-49%, asthma-21%). In addition, other adverse health symptoms were reported, such as skin rash(12%), cough(39%), shortness of breath with wheezing(30%), chest tightness and difficulty in breathing(30%). No significant eye symptoms were reported. It was founded that the adverse health symptoms reported in this study were related to poor personal work practices and inappropriate PPE use. Therefore, appropriate personal controls like PPE use, work practices, regular training and education are suggested to minimize the risk of health symptoms. In addition, medical examination will also be suggested for individual health effects.