• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 1995

Concrete contains numerous microcracks at initially poured. The growth and propagation of nicrockacsk are believed tc finally incur the faiure of concrete. These processings are understood as a damage. Damage IS represented as a second-order tensor and crack is treated as a con tinuum phenomenon. In this paper, damage is characterized through the effective stress concept together with the hypothesis of elastic energy equivalence, and damage evolution law and constitutive equation of a damage model are derived by using the Helmholtz frte eriergy and the dissipation potential by means of the thermodynamic principles. The constitutive equation of the model includes the effects of elasticity, anisotropic damage and plasticity of concrete. There are two effective tangent stiffness tensors in this model : one is for elastic-darnage and the other for plastic damage. For the verification of the model, finite element analysis was performed for the analysis of concrete subjec:t to uniaxial and biaxial loading and the results obtained were compared with test results.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2017

This study investigates the bending stress, shear stress and deformation energy happening at the inner fiber structure when the bending moment is applied to he specimen with flat shape composed of carbon fiber. As CFRP is composed of innumerable fibers with multi-axes, the stress under bending condition can be effectively distributed. Theses stresses is shown to increase again at the starting point as this angle of $60^{\circ}$. Therefore, the condition at the stacking angle of $60^{\circ}$ is seen to become most adequate under the state where the bending stress happens. On the basis of this study result, the damage property by the bending at the plate due to stacking angle was examined through the analytic approach. it is thought that this study can be devoted to the safe design for damage prevention and durabilty improvement. Also, the esthetic sense can be shown as the designed factor of shape with flat plate is grafted onto the convergence technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2000

This research addresses study on thermal residual stress of a composite patch repair of the edge cracked aluminium panel of aging aircraft. Composite patch repair is an efficient and economical technique to improve the damage tolerance of cracked metallic structures. These are thermal residual stresses due to the mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion, and these are affected by the curing cycle of patch specimen. In this study, three curing cycles were selected for F.E. analysis. This study features the effect on composite patch and aluminum by thermal residual stress during crack propagation in aluminum plate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.1619-1625
• /
• 2012

An electrical steel strip is commonly used as a core material in all types of electric transformers and motors. It is produced by a cold rolling process. In this paper, a damage-mechanics-based approach that predicts the edge fracture of an electrical steel strip during cold rolling is presented. We adopted the normal tensile stress criterion and the fracture energy method as a damage initiation criterion and a damage evolution scheme, respectively. We employed finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate crack initiation and propagation at the initial notch located at the edges of the strip. The material constants required in FEA were experimentally obtained by tensile tests using a standard and a notched sheet-type specimen. The results reveal that the edge crack was initiated at the entrance of the roll bite and that it rapidly evolved at the exit. The evolution length of the edge crack increased as the length of the initial notch as well as the front tension reel force of the strip increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2012

This paper proposes a simple numerical method, based on the stress-modified fracture strain-damage model with the stress-reduction technique, for predicting the failure behaviors of ductile plates with multiple through-wall cracks. This technique is implemented using the user-defined subroutines provided in ABAQUS. For validation, the results simulated using the proposed method are compared with published experimental data of Japanese researchers.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 1998

The effect of the $\alpha$/$\beta$ phase fraction on the mechanical properties in silicon nitrides was investigated in part 1. In part II, we describe the role of microstructure on the mechanical properties and contact damage of silicon nitrides with coarse/equiaxed and coarse/elongated microstructures. Grain sizes and shapes were controlled by starting powder. Hertzian indentation using spherical indenter was also used to investigate contact damage behavior. Cone cracks from the spherical indentation were suppressed when the silicon nitride contains coarse and elongated grains. Coarse and elongated grains played an important role of cone crack suppression. The size of quasi-plastic zone does not depend on grain size or shape but depends on the fraction of $\alpha$/$\beta$ phase. A quasi-plastic zone was consisting of microcracks by shear stress during indentation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.7
• /
• pp.727-734
• /
• 2014

This paper describes multi-scale based ductile fracture simulation using finite element (FE) damage analysis. The maximum and crack initiation loads of cracked components were predicted using proposed virtual testing method. To apply the local approach criteria for ductile fracture, stress-modified fracture strain model was adopted as the damage criteria with modified calibration technique that only requires tensile and fracture toughness test data. Element-size-dependent critical damage model is also introduced to apply the proposed ductile fracture simulation to large-scale components. The results of the simulation were compared with those of the tests on SA333 Gr. 6 full-scale pipes at $288^{\circ}C$, performed by the Battelle Memorial Institute.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.561-566
• /
• 2001

A long bar impact test to alumina plates(AD 85 and AD 90) was carried out by using fabricated impact testing apparatus. The apparatus adopting a long bar of 2.1m in length made it possible to measure directly the applied impact force to the specimen during bar impact. The dimension of specimens was $33{\times}33mm$ and thickness was 3.4mm. Confinement of D2=18mm outer diameter and D1=10.5mm inner diameter was used to provide contact pressure to the specimen. Contact pressure of p=100 or 200MPa was applied to specimen before impact test. Damage caused in those cases were compared with the case of without contact pressure. The damage of specimen was different depending upon the pressure level of confinement. The existence of confinement had suppressed the development of radial cracks from the bottom of specimen and reduced the extent of damage as compared with cases without contact pressure(p=0MPa). Because the application of contact pressure to the specimen increased the apparent flexural stiffness of specimen during bar impact, it had produced the change of developed damage in the specimen; from the radial cracks to the local contact stress dominant damage. It would contribute to the improvement of the ballistic property in ceramic plates.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.85-110
• /
• 2013

Generally, mass concrete structural behavior is governed by the strain components. However, relevant guidelines in dam engineering evaluate the structural behavior of concrete dams using stress-based criteria. In the present study, strain-based criteria are proposed for the first time in a professional manner and their applicability in seismic failure evaluation of an arch dam are investigated. Numerical model of the dam is provided using NSAD-DRI finite element code and the foundation is modeled to be massed using infinite elements at its far-end boundaries. The coupled dam-reservoir-foundation system is solved in Lagrangian-Eulerian domain using Newmark-${\beta}$ time integration method. Seismic performance of the dam is investigated using parameters such as the demand-capacity ratio, the cumulative inelastic duration and the extension of the overstressed/overstrained areas. Real crack profile of the dam based on the damage mechanics approach is compared with those obtained from stress-based and strain-based approaches. It is found that using stress-based criteria leads to conservative results for arch action while seismic safety evaluation using the proposed strain-based criteria leads to conservative cantilever action.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.352-364
• /
• 2007

It is essential to reduce track maintenance costs and to extend the periodic replacements of continuous welded rails based on accumulated passing tonnage. As recently train load decrease and rail joints wear down less, the periodic replacements of continuous welded rails can be extended. There are many kinds of rail damage like squat, head-check and corrugation. These can be taken nondestructive or naked eye test. So the periodic replacements of continuous welded rails based on accumulated passing tonnage were examine with focusing on a crack of rail bottom of continuous welded rail. Therefore, this study measure dynamic response of track by metro train load, it compute impact coefficient and track spring coefficient for estimating a condition of actual track system. Also, it is converted the measured stress waveform into stress frequency histogram by the rain-flow counting methods, and then the equivalence of stress is calculated. As apply s-n curve of a new welded rail, accumulated fatigue damage ratio of laid rail and remaining service lives is estimated. This study suggest a plan of the periodic replacements of continuous welded rails based on accumulated passing tonnage classified by the types of track system.