• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 게껍질분말 급여에 의한 천연 타우린 강화우유의 생산 가능성을 평가하고자 25두의 젖소를 5군으로 나누고, 각기 대조사료, 1%(1%CS), 3%(3%CS) 및 5% 게껍질분말사료(5%CS), 그리고 formaldehyde로 처리되 3% 게껍질분말사료 (3%FCS)를 30일간 급여하였다. 게껍질분말 단백질의 아미노산조성은 phenylalanine이 가장 높았고, glutamate, aspartate, glycine, serine histidine, arginine의 순으로 나타났으며, 다른 동물조직의 단백질과는 달리 branched-chain 아미노산의 함량이 비교적 낮았다. 게껍질에 함유된 유리아미노산 중 타우린은 가장 고농도로 존재하였으며, 특히 집게다리껍질에 509$\mu$mol/100 g이 함유되어 등뚜껑(319$\mu$mol/100g) 및 게껍질분말(296 $\mu$mol/100 g)에 비해 월등히 그 함량이 높았다. 게껍질분말의 급여가 우유의 타우린농도에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과 p<0.01 수준에서 유의성이 관찰되었다. 1%CS군의 원유에는 5.84$\pm$0.73 $\mu$mole/100mL의 타우린이 함유되어 대조구 (4.84$\pm$0.29 $\mu$mol/100mL)에 비해 20%정도 더 높았으며, 3%CS군의 원유에는 7.21$\pm$0.77$\mu$mole/100 mL의 타우린이 함유되어 대조구에 비해 49%정도 유의적으로 증가하였다.(p<0.01). 한편, 3%FCS군의 경우 원유의 타우린농도가 3%CS군에 비해 유？거으로 감소하였고, 따라서 게껍질의 formaldehyde 처리는 반추위내에서 타우린을 보호하는데 효과적이지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 게껍질 급여에 의해 우유의 타우린농도가 증가하였음을 밝히는 최초의 보고이며, 본 연구의 결과는 앞으로 기타 축산제품의 타우린함량을 증가시키는데 폭넓게 응용되어질 수 있을 것이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.343-352
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• 2014

In the present study, antioxidant activities of two crude pigments (acetone and MeOH) and their solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aq.MeOH, n-BuOH, and water fractions) from red crab shell were evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), peroxynitrites, and degree of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT 1080 cells as well as the extent of oxidative damage of genomic DNA purified from HT 1080 cells. From comparative analysis, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the strongest scavenging effect on both peroxynitrite in vitro and intracellular ROS in HT 1080 cells. Protective activities of these samples against hydroxyl radical-mediated genomic DNA damage were also investigated. 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions significantly inhibited oxidative damage of purified genomic DNA. On the other hand, we investigated their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. All samples significantly reduced NO production. Among the samples, n-hexane and water solvent fractions most effectively inhibited NO.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 1995

The biological control effect of Trichoderma harzianum on the Fusarium wilt of strawberry and several factors affecting on its efficacy were examined through pot experiments. T. harzianum grown on wheat barn, rice straw, rice hull, sawdust or barley straw was respectively incorporated into the pathogen-infected soil, and significantly suppressed the strawberry wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. The wheat bran or rice straw culture of T. harzianum suppressed the disease incidence more effectively than other substrates for culture, decreasing it to 68% of the untreated control. The conidial suspension of T. harzianum alone or the suspension mixed with crab shell also effectively reduced the disease incidence. The control effectiveness of T. harzianum was high in acid soil (pH 3.5~5.5). In sandy loam soil, the disease incidences and population densities of the pathogen were decreased by the treatment of T. harzianum, while there was no significant effect of T. harzianum on the pathogen in loam soil.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

A new bacterium BL-2 excreting a novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer was isolated from the spoiled leaves of Chinese cabbage and identified as Enterobacter sp. BL-2. The isolated Enterobacter sp. BL-2 was cultivated in pH-stat fed-batch culture using acetic acid as the feeding stock at pH 8.0, resulting in 17.11 g/l of cells and 1.53 g/l of an extracellular biopolymer after 72 h. The excreted biopolymer was purified by a three-step procedure, involving ethanol precipitation and deproteinizations, to a nearly homogeneous state, and its molecular weight was found to be 106 kDa. It was composed of glucosamine, rhamnose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 86.4:1.6:1.0, respectively, indicating a rarely found novel high-glucosamine-containing biopolymer. The FT-IR and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of the novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer PGB-l revealed a close identity with chitosan from crab shell. It can effectively flocculate various suspended solids, including kaolin clay, $Ca(OH)_2,\;Al_{2}O_3$, active carbon, microbial cells, and acidic dyes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.999-1009
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• 2004

Chitin is a derived product from the shell of shrimp or crab. Chitosan, a deacetylated product of chitin, has widely been used in the biomedical sector, food industry, and textile industry. Chitosan exhibits fiber-forming property under certain conditions. Nonwoven fabrics made of chitosan fibers may have diverse applications in the industry. Previous studies have revealed that the dye uptake properties of natural dyestuffs improved by the chitosan pretreatment on the fabric specimens. In this case, fabric specimen is coated with acidic salt form of chitosan, which is different from the pure chitosan, since the coating process employes coating with the acidic solution of the chitosan and subesquent drying. In this study, chitosan nonwoven fabric samples were prepared from chitosan sample having deacetylation degree of $100\%$ and molecular weight of 650,000. Chitosan nonwoven fabrics maintain the form of $-NH_2$ end-group. These in turn exhibit higher dye uptake ability than the fabrics coated with chitosan acidic solutions do.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.156-171
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• 1992

Chitin was isolated from crab shell. Chitosan, which was prepared by the deacetylation of chitin, was acylated to obtain N-acetyl(regenerated chitin), N-propionyl, N-butyryl, N-hexanoyl, N-decanoyl and N-maleated chitosans and their metal ion adsorption characteristics of N-acylchitosans were investigated. In order to enhance the adsorptivity, their porous beads were prepared and their adsorptivity with respect to the porosity and the adsorptivities for metal ions($Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $CO^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Ag^{+}$)were investigated. Their metal ion adsorptivities were remarkably imporved compared to those of chitin. As the larger acyl groups were introduced, adsorptivity increased, but that of N-decanoyl chitosan showed some decrease because of steric hindrance of the bulky N-decanoyl group. N-Maleated chitosan containing carboxyl group showed highly improved adsorptivity, and N-acylchitosans showed the good selective adsorption in the mixed metal ions($Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $CO^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Ag^{+}$). They also showed excellent adsorption characteristics as chelating polymers.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

The white cottony stem rot pathogen Sclerotinia scierotiorum was subjected to 70 different isolates of actinomycetes indigenous to Jordan as biological control agents. Forty of them demonstrated chitinase activity on crab shell chitin agay (CCA) media and they were segregated into three groups: 14 highly active, 12 moderately active, and 14 with low activity, with average clearing zones of (4.7-8.3), (3.7-4.3), and (2.3-3.3) mm surrounding colonies on CCA, respectively. Further, these isolates were able to inhibit radial mycelium growth of the pathogen and were categorized into three antagonistic groups: 13 strong, 13 moderate, and 14 weak antagonists, with antibiosis inhibition Bones of (32.0-45.7), (22.7-31.3), and (3.7-22.3) mm, respectively. High levels of chitinase activity of the isolates Ma3 (8.3 mm), Jul (7.7 mm), and Sa8 (7.7 mm) with their antagonistic activity against mycelium growth of 45.7, 44.3, and 40.7 mm were observed, respectively. These isolates exhibited fungicidal activity against sclevotia of S. sclerotiorum. On the other hand, isolates Na5, Aj3, and Aj2 that produced no chitinase showed fungistatic effect only.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-64
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to search the calcium and iron rich foods in Korean people. The food sources presented in the current home economics textbooks of middle and high school were investigated. And 40 kinds of calcium and iron rich foods were selected by the quantity in 100g edible portion. one serving size and according to 1997 food supply data. Also 3 major food groups of calcium and iron supply in Korean were identified, and 10 rich foods for each food groups were selected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The food sources of calcium 1) The food sources of calcium presented in the home economics textbooks of middle and high school are milk and dairy products. small fishes such as anchovy icefish and dried strip and green vegetables etc. 2) The calcium rich foods by 100g edible portion were in order of skim milk powder river snail sesame sea mustard. whole milk powder. snapping turtle loach sea tangle(dried) opossum shrimp and sea lettuce(dried). And the calcium rich foods by the calcium content in one serving were in order of river snail snapping turtle opossum shrimp loach spiny lobster skate skim milk powder small alaska pollack freshwater crab condensed milk whole milk powder skate ray and milk. 3) The 3 major calcium supply food groups in Korean were vegetables fish and shellfishes and milk and dairy products. 4) The calcium supply foods according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of sea mustard, milk anchovy chinese cabbage soybean skin milk powder laver shrimp welsh onion and maize. The vegetables were the important sources of calcium in Korean. 2. The food sources of iron 1) The food sources of iron which are commonly presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were meat liver egg(egg yolk) and green vegetables etc 2) The iron rich foods on the basis of the iron content in 100g edible portion were in order of surf clam marsh clam laver(dried)( sea lettuce(dried), crayfish pelilla seed little neck clam orient hard clam, venus clam, and freshwater carab. And the iron rich foods by the iron content in one serving were in order of surf clam marsh clam crayfish little neck clam orient hard clam freshwater crab venus clam hen cockle green confertii(fresh) pen shell and spiny lobster. 3) The 3 major iron supply food groups in Korean were cereals an cereal products fishes and shellfishes and vegetables. 4) The iron supply food according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of soybean sea mustard maize rice meat edible viscera laver wheat flour, pook, red pepper, egg and bovine meat.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.899-903
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• 1994

Chitin was extracted from crab shell by Hackman method and chitosan was prepared to chitin, that was deacetylated under various concentration of NaOH solution and reaction time at constant temperature, $100^{\circ}C$. Samples were A=19%, B=52%, C=70% and D=93% deacetylation's chitosan and they were tested. When deacetylation was increased, $\overline{Mw}$ was decreased and removal rate of suspended solid and removal rate of chemical oxygen demand were increased. Suspended solid and removal rate of chemical oxygen demand showed the better at pH 9 and pH 7 than any other pH range.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.579-584
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• 2001

Chitooligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolyzing of crab shell chitosan. Low Molecular Meight chitooligosaccharides(LMW-chitooligosaccharides) , 64.3% of which was composed of trimer, tetramer, and pentamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the chitosanase originated Bacillus pumilus BN -262. High Molecular Meight chitooligosaccharides ( HMW-chitooligosaccharides ) , 49.3% of which was composed of chitooligosaccharides over heptamer, was obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with the cellulase originated Trichoderma viride. Antimicrobial activity and colony forming inhibitory activity of chitooligosaccharides were tested. MIC of LMW-chitooligosaccharides against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Lactobacillus plantarum, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans was 1.5%, 1.5% above 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.5%, below 0.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, above 2.0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 1.0% respectively. .