• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2004

In order to study changes in vegetation pursuant to rooftop revegetation plantation methods, plantation methods for rooftop revegetation were divided into two types through an analysis of recent trends. Then, Planted plants and invasive plants on sites where the planting methods were introduced were monitored. Planting methods were divided into mono-layer meadow cover type and multi-layer planting cover type. They showed some differences in terms of the availability of wetland, the structure of vegetation layers, the planted species, and the material of mulching. According to the results of monitoring the two sample sites for different plantation methods, the number of invasive plants was higher in multi-layer planting cover type and the ratio of naturalized plants was higher by 30% in average in mono-layer meadow cover type. The main reason for such a result is that the natural soil used in the multi-layer planting cover type likely contained some seeds. Moreover, it's harder for invasive plant seeds to germinate in volcanic rocks than in natural soil. Also, it is attributable to wetlands available in multi-layer planting cover type and diverse living environments created by multi-layer planting. The reason of the ratio of naturalized plants being higher by at least 10% in mono-layer meadow cover type is the character of naturalized plants being stronger in unfavorable conditions than nature plants are. Accordingly, the germination rate in the volcanic rock mulching has likely contributed in raising the introduction and germination of naturalized plants. The results showed that multi-layer planting cover type using wetland creation and nature soil can increase the number of invasive plants and lower the ratio of naturalized plants. However, since seeds contained in the natural soil can affect the growth of planted plants, this needs to be clarified, It was judged that mono-layer meadow cover type may affect more greatly on the germination and growth of invasive plants than on those of planted plants, Its potential adoption in highly urbanized areas was examined. By complementing with the mutual benefits of each plantation method, it appeared possible to shift to a rooftop revegetation system suitable to the site.

• Water for future
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 1977

The analysis performed here is aimed to increase the familiarity of hydrologic process especially for the small basins which are densely gaged. Kyung An and Mu Shim river basins are selected as a represectative basin according to the criteria which UNESCO has establisheed back in 1964 and being operated under the auspice of Ministry of Construction. The data exerted from these basins is utilized for the determination of the characteristics of precipitation and runoff phenomena for the small basin, which is considerred as a typical Korean samll watershed. The methodology developed by Soil Conservation Service, USA for determination of runoff value from precipitation is applied to find the suitability of the method to Korean River Basin. The soil cover complex number or runoff curve number was determined by considering the type of soil, soil cover, land use and other factor such as antecent moisture content. The averag values of CN for Kyung An and Mushim river basins were found to be 63.9 and 63.1 under AMC II, however, the values obtained from soil cover complex was less than those from total precipitation and effective precicpitation by 10-30%. It may be worth to note that an attention has to be paid in the application of SCS method lo Korean river basin by adjusting 10-30% increase to the value obtained from soil cover complex. Finally, the design flood hydrograph was consturcted by employing unit hydrograph technique to the dimensionless mass curve. Also a stepwise multiple regression was performed to find the relationship between runoff and API, evapotranspiration rate, 5 days antecedent precipitation and daily temperature.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2014

Nutrient accumulation in surface soil has become a serious problem for cucumber production in greenhouse. However, still in many cases, soil management practices are only focused on maintaining crop yield, regardless of sustainability related with soil chemical properties. This study was conducted to propose a sustainable soil management practice by investigating the impact of cover crop species and nitrogen rate of fertigated solution on cucumber yield and soil chemical properties in greenhouse condition. Rye and hairy vetch were tested as a fallow cover crop, and each amount of urea (1/2, 3/4, 1 times of N fertilizer recommendations), determined by soil testing result, was supplied in fertigation plots as an additional nitrogen source. The result showed that the yield of cucumber was higher in rye treatment than control and hairy vetch treatment. In addition, rye effectively reduced EC and accumulated nutrients from the soil. Meanwhile, N concentration of fertigated solution showed no significant effect on the growth and yield of cucumber. Consequently, these results suggest that it is desirable to choose rye as a fallow catch crop for sustainable cucumber production in greenhouse.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aruncus dioicus on annual soil erosion reduction effect. Based on the measured soil erosion data, the cover factor of RUSLE was calculated. Comparing calculated the cover factor and Chewings fescue cover factor for soil erosion reduction, It found that cover crop Aruncus dioicus of reducing soil erosion was effective. The amount of soil erosion according to the type of Aruncus dioicus covering was 2.22 Mg/ha, Chewings fescue was 1.85 Mg/ha, 10.60 Mg/ha was produced in the Bare ground. Cover factor of Aruncus dioicus was $0.09{\pm}0.03$ according to the type of covering, Chewings fescue was $0.08{\pm}0.03$, Bare ground was $0.35{\pm}0.10$. Weeds control Bare ground was $0.83{\pm}0.14$. The results of the variance analysis of the cover factor for each covering were different according to the cover type. As a result of the classification of the same group through post - analysis, it was found that the Aruncus dioicus and Chewings fescue were similar to each other. Therefore, the Aruncus dioicus was effective to reduce the soil erosion to the extent that it was comparable to the Chewings fescue.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2022

Background: Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae; hereafter Parthenium) is an invasive alien species of global significance because of its' negative ecological and socioeconomic impacts. This species is spreading rapidly from lowland Tarai to Middle Mountain regions in Nepal. In the present study, we analyzed the impacts of Parthenium on plant community composition including their soil seedbank in subtropical grasslands located in central Nepal. Data was collected in a 10 m long transects passing through areas of high (> 90% cover), medium (40%-60%) and low (< 10%) levels of Parthenium cover using a plot of 1 m². Altogether, we sampled 90 plots in 30 transects. Seedling emergence method was used to estimate soil seedbank density in the soil samples (0-10 cm depth) collected from the plots with high Parthenium cover. Results: There was no significant difference in the plant species richness at different levels of Parthenium invasion whereas there was a significant change in the species composition of above ground flora due to Parthenium invasion. There was also a significant difference in species composition between soil seedbank and aboveground flora in the highly invaded plots. Parthenium was the most dominant in soil seedbank, contributing 65% to the total soil seedbank. Conclusions: Our study suggests that Parthenium has considerable negative impact on the native grassland flora, and the dominance of Parthenium in the soil seedbank means there is a challenge for its management. It also suggests the need of monitoring the soil seedbank dynamics while managing Parthenium weed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1408-1411
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• 2005

The purposes of daily cover are to control odor and volatile organic compound emissions, to control litters, to mitigate rainfall infiltration. Under usual operation of landfill, the soil layer of 15cm thick is used for daily cover, but about $20{\sim}$25% of landfill capacity is consumed by daily cover volume. Considering our limited land and difficulty in getting landfill site, developing an alternative daily cover material which usually occupies much less volume than soil will be very significant. Also, if we can use waste material for alternative daily cover, we can get additional benefit of recycling waste.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The study was carried out in two different forest types viz., Banj oak and Chir pine forests to assess the variation in forest species composition and soil properties along altitudinal gradients in the Garhwal Himalayas. The results of the study showed that between the forests soil moisture was higher in Banj oak forest because of closed canopy and dense forest compared to Chir pine forest. The sand particles were reported higher in Banj oak forest which might be due to the addition of organic matter favouring coarse structure of soil, helping in holding maximum water in soils. However in the Chir pine forest low amount of soil organic matter and presence of clayey soil, develops soil compactness which reduces the penetration of water resulting in high soil bulk density. The higher accumulation of litter and presence of moisture in Banj oak forest favours higher nutrient level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to Chir pine forest. The soil organic carbon also reduced with increasing altitude at both gradients. While bulk density has reverse trend with soil organic carbon in both the forests at different peaks of same region. In Banj oak forest, the highest density and total basal cover was reported 1,100 tree $ha^{-1}$ and 58.86 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. However, the highest values of density and total basal cover of Chir pine forest was 560 tree$ha^{-1}$ and 56.94 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. The total density and basal cover of both the forests reduced with increasing altitude. The study concludes that Banj oak forest has better nutrient cycling ability, well developed foest floor and has a greater protective and productive features compared to the Chir pine forest which is without lower vegetation cover and having only pine litter accumulation which does not allow any other species to grow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to estimate temporal soil loss change according to long-term land cover changes using GIS and RS. Revised USLE(Universal Soil Loss Equation) factors were made by using point rainfall data, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), soil map and land cover map. Past two decades land cover changes were traced by using Landsat MSS and TM data. Soil loss in 2000 increased $6.3\;kg/m^{2}/yr$ compared with that in 1983. This was mainly caused by the increased upland area.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2005

Mountain watersheds are a lot of problems about soil erosion because of frequent wildfire occurrence. Runoff and soil erosion caused by the rain on a hillslope after wildfire are dependent on cover factor. And these has been a decrease by the cover factor recovery following time passage. The present paper defines the dynamic sensitivity of runoff and soil erosion that is the rate of runoff volume and soil erosion weight to rainfall energy and analyzes characteristics of the sensitivity for variation of cover factor, In according to the correlation analysis between other parameters and sensitivities, the sensitivity is the most dependent on the cover factor and the relation is exponential. The sensitivities after wildfire have suitable relation with treatment method for the mitigation of burnt forest and wildfire intensity. It was confirmed that the variation of soil erosion sensitivities come upon the range of stability in 5 years after wildfire.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of companion plant (Phlox subulata and Glechoma hederacea var. longituba) on conservation of soil in slopped highland, coverage of crops and soil erosion were investigated with 3 different conditions. The coverage rate of Phlox subulata with Chinese cabbage cultivation was kept on approximately 100% from Chinese cabbage-transplanting to -harvest. The coverage rate of Glechoma hederacea var. longituba with Chinese cabbage cultivation was low at it's early stage, however, reached to approximately 100% at the time of Chinese cabbage harvest. In contrast, the coverage rate of Chinese cabbage cultivation without cover crop, and simultaneous transplanting with Chinese cabbage and cover crop were approximately 60%. Losses of soil and nitrate nitrogen were much lower in Phlox subulata with Chinese cabbage cultivation ($0.1{\sim}0.2ton\;ha^{-1}$, $0.2{\sim}0.4kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$) than those in Chinese cabbage cultivation without cover crop ($20.8ton\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$), and simultaneous transplanting with Chinese cabbage and cover crop ($8.9{\sim}10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, $1.5{\sim}2.2kg\;NO_3{^-}-N\;ha^{-1}$). Cover plants suppressed the weed occurrence up to about 70%. Live mulching with cover plants set a good effects on weed suppression and reduction of soil and nutrient loss. Therefore intercropping with Phlox subulata will make great contributions to soil conservation in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland.