• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.6_2
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• pp.653-663
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• 2012

Using soft classification, it is possible to obtain the land cover proportions from the remotely sensed image. These land cover proportions are then used as input data for a procedure called "super-resolution mapping" to produce the predicted hard land cover layers at higher resolution than the original remotely sensed image. Superresolution mapping can be implemented using a number of algorithms in which the Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) has showed some advantages. The HNN has improved the land cover classification through superresolution mapping greatly with the high resolution data. However, the super-resolution mapping is based on the spatial dependence assumption, therefore it is predicted that the accuracy of resulted land cover classes depends on the relative size of spatial features and the spatial resolution of the remotely sensed image. This research is to evaluate the capability of HNN to implement the super-resolution mapping for SPOT image to create higher resolution land cover classes with different zoom factor.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

[ $TiO_2$ ] nanoparticles are added into UV curable resin to increase the refractive index of the cover-layer which is laminated on the media for cover-layer incident NFR. High refractive index is required for the cover-layer operating for the solid immersion lens optics with high effective numerical aperture. The eyepattern could be achieved from the cover-layer coated 20 GB ROM disc in which the refractive index of the cover-layer was 1.75, but the gap servo was unstable due to the rough surface of the cover-layer. Even though the light loss due to the nanoparticles is not serious, the rough microstructure is developed by adding the nanoparticles in the organic binder material. To achieve smooth surface for the stable gap servo, some special techniques should be added, for example the solubility of the nanoparticles should be enhanced by the optimization of the surface of the nanoparticles.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.797-802
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• 2007

The effects of window cover on the performance of the plate type radiant cooling test system are studied. The cover materials tested are 2mm, 1mm, 0.7mm glass, Cokin 007 filter, and PVC film. The measurements are performed during the September nights of 2005 at the rooftop of the building in Seoul. The equivalent height of the building is about a building with twelve floors. The radiant cooling performance of the black painted and aluminum film coated plate are compared under no cover condition. Also the results are compared when the system has cover over the plate. In general, the covers reduce the radiant cooling temperature differences during the nighttime. Among these covers, the PVC film cover shows the best performance. In some cases, the plate with PVC film cover shows lower temperatures than the system without cover.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.96-99
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• 2003

Land cover map is a typical GIS database which shows the Earth's physical surface differentiated by standardized homogeneous land cover types. Satellite images acquired by Landsat TM were primarily used to produce a land cover map of 7 land cover classes; however, it now becomes to produce a more accurate land cover classification dataset of 23 classes thanks to higher resolution satellite images, such as SPOT-5 and IKONOS. The use of the newly produced high resolution land cover map of 23 classes for such activities to estimate non-point sources of pollution like water pollution modeling and atmospheric dispersion modeling is expected to result a higher level of accuracy and validity in various environmental monitoring results. The estimation of pollution from non-point sources using GIS-based modeling with land cover dataset shows fairly accurate and consistent results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.194-198
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• 2008

Significant soil erosion and water quality degradation issues are occurring at highland agricultural areas of Kangwon province because of agronomic and topographical specialities of the region. Thus spatial and temporal modeling techniques are often utilized to analyze soil erosion and sediment behaviors at watershed scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is one of the watershed scale models that have been widely used for these ends in Korea. In most cases, the SWAT users tend to use the readily available input dataset, such as the Ministry of Environment (MOE) land cover data ignoring temporal and spatial changes in land cover. Spatial and temporal resolutions of the MOE land cover data are not good enough to reflect field condition for accurate assesment of soil erosion and sediment behaviors. Especially accelerated soil erosion is occurring from agricultural fields, which is sometimes not possible to identify with low-resolution MOD land cover data. Thus new land cover data is prepared with cadastral map and high spatial resolution images of the Doam-dam watershed. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated with this land cover data. The EI values were 0.79 and 0.85 for streamflow calibration and validation, respectively. The EI were 0.79 and 0.86 for sediment calibration and validation, respectively. These EI values were greater than those with MOE land cover data. With newly prepared land cover dataset for the Doam-dam watershed, the SWAT model better predicts hydrologic and sediment behaviors. The number of HRUs with new land cover data increased by 70.2% compared with that with the MOE land cover, indicating better representation of small-sized agricultural field boundaries. The SWAT estimated annual average sediment yield with the MOE land cover data was 61.8 ton/ha/year for the Doam-dam watershed, while 36.2 ton/ha/year (70.7% difference) of annual sediment yield with new land cover data. Especially the most significant difference in estimated sediment yield was 548.0% for the subwatershed #2 (165.9 ton/ha/year with the MOE land cover data and 25.6 ton/ha/year with new land cover data developed in this study). The results obtained in this study implies that the use of MOE land cover data in SWAT sediment simulation for the Doam-dam watershed could results in 70.7% differences in overall sediment estimation and incorrect identification of sediment hot spot areas (such as subwatershed #2) for effective sediment management. Therefore it is recommended that one needs to carefully validate land cover for the study watershed for accurate hydrologic and sediment simulation with the SWAT model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 1991

The current status of evergreen ground-cover plants as of in the winter months in 50 places selected at random in Seoul was assessed to see how they are at the present, and the following matters of evergreen ground-cover plants were observed to be common aspect of them today during the year of 1989 and 1990 and in winter of Seoul. 1. Ground-cover area in 50 different places of Seoul was 36% of the green area, and the evergreen ground-cover area was 3% of total ground-cover area. As the result, most of ground cover plants founded to be zoysia grasses. 2. Total number of evergreen ground-cover plants species was 24, and the species most frequently found were Juniperus chinensis and horizontalis, Buxus koreana, Liriope platyphylla var. nana. Taxus cuspidats, Rhododendron lateritium, Pleioblastus pygmaea, Poa pratensis in that order of the number of plasces assessed, and sere Poa pratensis, Agrostis tennuis, Liriope platyphylla, Buxus koreana, Juniperus chinensis and horizontalis, Taxus cuspidata. var. nana, Rhododendron lateritium in the order of area planted. 3. Woody plants included 9 species and occupied 16% in the area, also introduced plants included 14 species and occupied 79% in the area. As introduced evergreen grasses occupied, almost of evergreen ground-cover herbs, planting of evergreen ground-cover herbs and native plants are thought to be desirable. 4. Flowering plants of 16 species were found to be 16% of the total evergreen ground-cover area. 5. The ratio of topographical difference, such as plain versus slope for planting site, was 82 and 18% respectively, and sunny versus shady and intermediate places were 72, 15 and 13% respectively. 6. Although appearance of plants was generally fair, poor and drying plants were assessed 33% for the number of places planted, and 11% for the area. It seems to be necessary to manage those plants to their growth characteristics, and desiable to introduce various plant species adaptable to the winter climate of Seoul and grow for the winter landscaping purpose. 7. The poor use and lack of evergreen ground-cover plants are regarded to be deficient in the valus and reconization of them, particularly in the landscaping works. It is therefore considered important to bring out pertinent measures against these inadequate situations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2019

The distillation of liquid cathode is necessary to separate cadmium from the actinide elements in the pyroprocessing since the actinide deposits are dissolved or precipitated in a liquid cathode. It is very important to avoid a splattering of cadmium during evaporation due to the high vapor pressure. Several methods have been proposed to lower the splattering of cadmium during distillation. One of the important methods is an installation of crucible cover on the distillation crucible. A multi-layer porous round cover was proposed to avoid a cadmium splattering in our previous study. In this study, the effect of crucible cover on the cadmium distillation was examined to develop a splatter shield. Various surrogates were used for the actinides in the cadmium. The surrogates such as bismuth, zirconia, and tungsten don't evaporate at the operational temperature of the Cd distiller due to their low vapor pressures. The distillation experiments were carried out in a crucible equipped with cover and in a crucible without cover. About 40 grams of Cd was distilled at a reduced pressure for two hours at various temperatures. The mixture of the cadmium and the surrogate was heated at $470{\sim}620^{\circ}C$. Most of the bismuth remained in the crucible equipped with cover after distillation under $580^{\circ}C$ for two hours, whereas small amount of bismuth decreased in the crucible without cover above $580^{\circ}C$. The liquid bismuth escaped with liquid cadmium drop from the crucible without cover. It seems that the crucible cover played a role to prevent the splash of the liquid cadmium drop. The effect of the cover was not clear for the tungsten or zirconia surrogate since the surrogates remained as a solid powder at the experimental temperature. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that the crucible cover can be used to minimize the deposit loss by prevention of escape of liquid drop from the crucible during distillation of liquid cathode.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2018

Estimation of future land cover based on climate change scenarios is an important factor in climate change impact assessment and adaptation policy. This study estimated future land cover considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) using Scenario Generators. Based on the storylines of SSP1-3, future population and estimated urban area were adopted for the transition matrix, which contains land cover change trends of each land cover class. In addition, limits of land cover change and proximity were applied as spatial data. According to the estimated land cover maps from SSP1-3 in 2030, 2050, and 2100, respectively, urban areas near a road were expanded, but agricultural areas and forests were gradually decreased. More drastic urban expansion was seen in SSP3 compared to SSP1 and SSP2. These trends are similar with previous research with regard to storyline, but the spatial results were different. Future land cover can be easily adjusted based on this approach, if econometric forecasts for each land cover class added. However, this requires determination of econometric forecasts for each land cover class.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

In support of remote sensing applications for monitoring processes of the Earth system, research was conducted to analyze the basic spectral response related to background soil and vegetation cover characteristics in the visible and reflective infrared wavelengths. Surface samples of seven stations were examined. Five soils were from land-field and two soils from tideland areas. The vegetation cover experiment was conducted on seven soil samples with known natural moisture content (%) by weight. To study the effect of vegetation cover, spectral measurements were taken on five or six vegetation cover treatments of the seven soils with 3 replications in air dry conditions. For collecting RS base data, used spectro-radiometer that measures reflection characteristics between 300~1,100nm was used and measured the reflection of vegetation from bean leaves. The relationships were evaluated for both a general soil line and for the individual lines of five soils, under air-dried condition as well as different vegetation cover ratio, through the determination of the line parameters. As vegetation cover ratio in bean leaves increases, features of soil reflectance decrease and those of plant reflectance become more and more apparent. In proportion to vegetation cover rate, near-infrared reflectance increased and visible reflectance decreased. Analysis results are compared to commonly used vegetation indices(RVI and NDVI ).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.564-569
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• 2005

Usually, Steel pipe grouting method or cut and cover method has been applied to tunnel with very shallow overburden or it is situated in valley. However, in case of lack of overburden height to reinforcement tunnel crown which is very difficult to construction. Also, application of cut and cover method that do not consider surrounding site condition causes popular enmity generation and environmental damage. It is the best alternative method that reduces the amount of excavated soil and excavate tunnel under ground to solve these problems. The tunneling method using cover structure which is to prevent a tunnel from collapse because this method can be reduce excavation area and construct tunnel under ground after set a cover structure and backfill ground. In this study, to know more effective structure type, comparative analysis was performed to behavior characters of slab and arch type construction that can be used to cover structure. Also a 2D and 3D numerical analysis have been performed to verify the stability of ground during excavation. As the result, the tunneling method using cover structure that it can be good alternative method for tunnel with shallow overburden and it through valley