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The Validation Study of the Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (the 2nd edition revised in 1995) - In the field of profile analysis (사상체질분류검사지(四象體質分類檢査紙)(QSCC)II에 대(對)한 타당화(妥當化) 연구(硏究) -각(各) 체질집단(體質集團)의 군집별(群集別) Profile 분석(分析)을 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Lee, Jung-Chan;Go, Byeong-Hui;Song, Il-Byeong
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.247-294
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    • 1996
  • By means of the statistical data which has been collected with newly revised QSCC made use of the outpatient group examined at Kyung-Hee Medical Center and an open ordinary person group, the author proceeded statistical analysis for the validation study of the revised questionnaire itself. First, check the accurate discrimination rate by performing discriminant analysis on the statistical data of the patient group. And next, sought T-score by applying the norms gained in process of standadization of the open ordinary person group to the Sasang scale score of the outpatient group and investigated the distinctive feature between the subpopulations which was devided in the process of multivarite cluster analysis. The result was summarized as follows ; 1. The validity of the questionnaire was established through the fact that the accurate discrimination rate the ratio between predicted group and actual group was figured out 70.08%. 2. At the profile analysis the response to the relevant scale showed notable upward tendency in each constitutional group and therefore it seems to be pertinent in the field of constitutional discrimination. 3. In the observation of the power of expression through the profile analysis of each constitutional group the Soyang group demonstrated the most remarkable outcome, the Soeum group was the most inferior and the Taieum group revealed a sort of dual property. 4. What is called the group of seceder out of three subpopulation of each constitutional group distinguished definitely from the contrasted groups at the point of the distinctive profile feature and the content is like following description. (1) The seceder group of Soyang-in showed considerably passive disposition differently from general character of ordinary Soyang group and an appearance attracting the attention is that they demonstrated comparatively higher response at Soeum scale (2) The seceder group of Taieum-in gained low scores in general that informed the passive disposition of the group and the other way of the general property of Taieum group which showed accompanied ascension in Taiyang-Taieum scales they demonstrated sharply declined score at Taiyang scale (3) The seceder group of Soeum-in demonstrated distinctive property similar to the profile feature of Soyang group and it notifies that the passive property of Soeum group was diluted for the most part. According to the above result, the validity of newly revised questionnaire has been proven successfully and the property of seceder groups could be noticed to some degree through the profile analysis on the course of this study. The result of this study is expected to use as a research materials to produce next edition of the questionnaire and it is regarded that further inquisition about the difference between the seceder group and the contrasted group is required for the promotion of the questionnaire as it refered several times in the contents of the main discourse.

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Correlation analysis of radiation therapy position and dose factors for left breast cancer (좌측 유방암의 방사선치료 자세와 선량인자의 상관관계 분석)

  • Jeon, Jaewan;Park, Cheolwoo;Hong, Jongsu;Jin, Seongjin;Kang, Junghun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The most basic conditions of radiation therapy is to prevent unnecessary exposure of normal tissue. The risk factors that are important o evaluate the dose emitted to the lung and heart from radiation therapy for breast cancer. Therefore, comparing the dose factors of a normal tissue according to the radion treatment position and Seeking an effective radiation treatment for breast cancer through the analysis of the correlation relationship. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography was conducted among 30 patients with left breast cancer in supine and prone position. Eclipse Treatment Planning System (Ver.11) was established by computerized treatment planning. Using the DVH compared the incident dose to normal tissue by position. Based on the result, Using the SPSS (ver.18) analyzed the dose in each normal tissue factors and Through the correlation analysis between variables, independent sample test examined the association. Finally The HI, CI value were compared Using the MIRADA RTx (ver. ad 1.6) in the supine, prone position Results: The results of computerized treatment planning of breast cancer in the supine position were V20, $16.5{\pm}2.6%$ and V30, $13.8{\pm}2.2%$ and Mean dose, $779.1{\pm}135.9cGy$ (absolute value). In the prone position it showed in the order $3.1{\pm}2.2%$, $1.8{\pm}1.7%$, $241.4{\pm}138.3cGy$. The prone position showed overall a lower dose. The average radiation dose 537.7 cGy less was exposured. In the case of heart, it showed that V30, $8.1{\pm}2.6%$ and $5.1{\pm}2.5%$, Mean dose, $594.9{\pm}225.3$ and $408{\pm}183.6cGy$ in the order supine, prone position. Results of statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha value of reliability analysis index is 0.563. The results of the correlation analysis between variables, position and dose factors of lung is about 0.89 or more, Which means a high correlation. For the heart, on the other hand it is less correlated to V30 (0.488), mean dose (0.418). Finally The results of independent samples t-test, position and dose factors of lung and heart were significantly higher in both the confidence level of 99 %. Conclusion: Radiation therapy is currently being developed state-of-the-art linear accelerator and a variety of treatment plan technology. The basic premise of the development think normal tissue protection around PTV. Of course, if you treat a breast cancer patient is in the prone position it take a lot of time and reproducibility of set-up problems. Nevertheless, As shown in the experiment results it is possible to reduce the dose to enter the lungs and the heart from the prone position. In conclusion, if a sufficient treatment time in the prone position and place correct confirmation will be more effective when the radiation treatment to patient.

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Studies on the effect of phthalimido methyl-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate (Imidan) and its possible metabolites on the growth of rice plant (Phthalimido methyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (Imidan)과 그의 대사물질(代謝物質)이 수도(水稻) 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Sung-Hwan;Lee, Dong-Suk;Lee, Jae-Koo
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.7
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    • pp.105-117
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    • 1966
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effet of phthalimido-methyl-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate (Imidan) known as an acaricide and its possible metabolic products on the growth of plant, when sprayed on the leaves of rice plant. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Possible metabolic products of Imidan, the following compounds were synthesized or recrystallized for the present experiment a) N-Hydroxymethyl phthalimidem b) Phthalimide c) Phthalamidic acid d) Phthalic acid e) Anthranilic acid f) p-Amino benzoic acid g) p-Hydroxy benzoic acid h) Benzoic acid 2) Among the above materials, a), c), d), e), and Imidan were dissolved in a buffer solution respectively to be 10 and 20 p.p.m. and tested with the wheat coleoptile straight growth method. According to the results, Imidan inhibited the growth of coleoptile in both 10 and 20 p.p.m., whereas the others showed much better growth than the control, especially phthalamidic acid in 10 p.p.m. It appears that Imidan itself inhibits the coleoptile growth, whereas the metabolites derived from Imidan through various metabolisms, including hydrolysis in plant tissues show growth-regulating activity. (refer: Table 1, Fig. 1) 3) 20, 100 and 200 p.p.m. solutions of Imidall emulsion in xylene f·ere prepared. The lengths of shoot and root of rice seeds germinated on the re-respective media were measured after 12 days. The data showed that root was much more elongated in Imidan 20 p.p.m., whereas shoot in Imidan 100 p.p.m., respectively, than in the xylene control. An interesting finding was that xylene used as solvent had a tendency to inhibit seriously the root growth of rice seed. (refer: Table 2,5). 4) The emulsions of concentrations in 10, 25, 50 and 100 p.p.m's of control, Imidan, N-hydroxy methyl phthalimide, anthranilic acid, and phthalmide, respectively, were sprayed twice on the rice plant on pot. After a certain period of time lengths of rice culms were measured, showing that plots treated with Imidan and N-hydroxy methyl phthalimide exhibited much more growth than those of control and the others. 5) Loaves and stems of rice plant were sampled and extracted with dried acetone at the intervals of 3-, 5-, 7-, and 14 days after treated with Imidan 250 p.p.m. emulsion. This sample extracted with acetone was purified by means of prechromatographic purification method with acetonitrile and paperchromatographed to detect the following metabolic products. Imidan (Rf: 0.97-0,98), N-hydroxy-methyl phthalimide (Rf: 0.87) phthalimide (Rf: 0.86-0.87), phthalamidic acid (Rf: 0.13-0.14), phthalic acid (Rf: 0.02-0.03), benzoic acid (Rf: 0.42-0.43), p-amino benzoic acid or p-hydroxy benzoic acid (Rf: 0.08-0.09), and unidentified compounds (Rf: 0.73, 0.59, 0.33, 0.23. 0.07). In addition, in the early stages, such as 3- and 5 days nonhydrolyzed Imidan and its first hydrolytic product, N-hydroxymethyl phthalimide were detected in relatively large amounts, whereas in the last stages of 7- and 14 days due to further decomposition, the afore-mentioned two materials were reduced in the amount and p-hthalic, phthalamidic, benzoic, and p-Hydroxy benzoic, or p-Amino benzoic acids were detected in a considerably large amount. It is, therefore, believed that most of Imidan applied to the leaves of rice plant may be decomposed within almost 14 days. In the light of above observations it is considered that Imidan itself is not involved in plant growth regulating activity, whereas various phthaloyl derivatives produced in the course of metabolism (namelr, enzymic action) in plant tissues may have such effect.

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