• 한국균학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

느타리버섯 봉지재배시 살균 온도 및 시간에 따른 배지의 pH와 수분함량 변화, 균사생장 및 자실체 생육 등을 비교한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 본 시험의 품종은 춘추 느타리 2호와 수한느타리 1호이고 시험배지는 미루나무톱밥 + 폐면 + 비트펄프(40 : 40 : 20%, v/v)와 미루나무톱밥 + 면실피 + 비트펄프(40 : 40 : 20%, v/v)를 사용하였다. 살균 후 배지의 수분함량은 폐면 혼합배지는 저온 살균에서는 1.8% 증가한 반면 면실피 혼합배지는 저온 살균에서 4.1% 감소하였고, 상압 살균과 고압 살균처리는 거의 변화가 없었다. pH는 살균온도가 높을수록 감소량이 많아 저온 살균($60^{\circ}C$, 12시간)에서는 거의 변화가 없었으나 상압 살균 ($100^{\circ}C$, 6시간) 보다 고압 살균 ($121^{\circ}C$, 90분)에서 감소량이 많았다. 균사배양 및 자실체 생육일수는 저온 살균에서 균사밀도는 가장 낮았으며 배양일수도 가장 길었다. 2주기까지의 수량은 춘추느타리 2호는 폐면 혼합배지의 저온 살균처리에서 가장 낮았으며 그 밖의 처리는 통계적 유의성은 없었고, 생물학적 효율은 면실피 혼합배지를 고압 살균했을 때 96.6%로 가장 높았다. 수한느타리 1호는 면실피 혼합배지의 상압 살균 처리에서 각각 수량 259.1g/pot, 생물학적 효율 94.9%로 가장 높았다. 또한 춘추느타리 2호는 균사 배양 완료 후 배지 경도와 수량과는 고도의 정의 상관관계이며 수한느타리 1호는 배지경도가 지나치게 낮거나 높으면 수량이 감소하는 경향이었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

느타리버섯 봉지재배의 첨가제 및 첨가량에 따른 균사배양 및 자실체 생육특성을 비교하여 적정 배지를 개발하고자 기본배지로 미루나무톱밥과 야외발효를 한 폐면을 부피비로 동량 혼합한 후 첨가제는 미강, 비트펄프, 면실박을, 첨가량은 10, 20, 30%로 각각 혼합하여 시험한 결과 배지의 pH와 총탄소량은 처리별 큰차이 없으나 총질소량이 면실박 첨가구에서 높아 이에 따라 C/N율이 낮아졌다. 균사배양 완류 후 배지 경도는 미강 첨가구에서 $22.9{\sim}37.9kg/cm^{2}$로 가장 높았으나 비트펄프는 $9.3{\sim}11.6kg/cm^{2}$으로 낮았으며 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 배양일수가 지연되었고 이에 따라 재배기간이 길었고, 비트펄프 첨가구에서 $58{\sim}60$일로 짧았으며, 면실박을 20% 이상은 혼합시 균사 배양과 자실체 발생은 되나 높은 질소량에 따른 낮은 C/N율로 자실체 생육이 이루어지지 않았다. 또한 1주기에 대한 2주기의 수확가능한 수확율은 비트펄프 첨가구에서 $75{\sim}85%$로 가장 높아 2주기까지 안정한 수확이 가능하였고 수량 및 생물학적효율은 비트펄프 20% 첨가시 가장 높았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of the temporary filling materials used in endodontic treatment Access cavities were prepared in 135 extracted human molar teeth. Then, cotton pellets were placed in the pulp chamber until the depth of 5 mm for the temporary filling materials; Caviton, zine oxide-eugenol, double sealing (A) (stopping 15 mm + zinc oxide - eugenol, 3.5mm ) double sealing (B) (stopping 3.0 mm + zinc oxide - eugenol 2.0 mm) and gutta percha stopping. After filling the materials, the teeth were immersed in 1 % methylene blue solutions for 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks. Then thermal cycling was performed at the temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, followed by longitudinal sections on the center of tooth. Finally, staining on the cotton pellet was evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. Stopping showed lower marginal sealing quality than Caviton, zinc oxide - eugenol and double sealing. 2. In 1 week group, Caviton showed higher marginal sealing quality than zinc oxide-eugenol, double sealing and stopping. 3. Caviton and double sealing (B) showed a great decrease in marginal sealing quality with the increse of time. 4. Caviton had high marginal sealing quality in 3 day group and 1 week group, but in 2 week group, Caviton showed a great decrease. 5. Double sealing (B) showed fairly high marginal sealing quality in 3 day group, but decreased greatly after 1 week on.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2016

Heavy metals have been analyzed on the non-woven from the 24 kinds of wet wipes and 8 kinds of mask packs. The following materials used in the non-woven according to each product are: rayon+polyester for the 12 wet wipe products, rayon+PET for the 5 wet wipe products, and rayon, cotton, rayon+polyester+cotton, pulp+polypropylene for the rest of the wet wipe products. No further information on the materials was found on the 3 wet wipes and 8 mask packs. However, polyester may be applied for the non-woven in wet wipes, because PET is part of the polyester group. The heavy metals analysis in the 24 kinds of wet wipes and 8 kinds of mask packs revealed the following: arsenic was found from $47.14{\pm}1.13$ to $71.75{\pm}1.64{\mu}g/L$ on the 3 products, the amount of nickel in the 2 products were $261.26{\pm}5.14$ and $1,242.63{\pm}43.71{\mu}g/L$, $53.69{\pm}1.45$ and $103.52{\pm}2.02mg/L$ on the 2 mask packs. It was also revealed that lead was detected from $7.23{\pm}0.32$ to $55.67{\pm}1.46{\mu}g/L$ on the 6 wet wipes, antimony was ranged from $187.86{\pm}5.24$ to $19,558.35{\pm}3,537.30{\mu}g/L$ on the 12 wet wipes, and $5.25{\pm}0.25$ and $8,936{\pm}55.22{\mu}g/L$ on the 2 mask packs. No cadmium, mercury, or thallium were detected from all the products. A high concentration of antimony might come from antimony trioxide, which was used as a catalyst when manufacturing the polyester. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that a non-woven used for cosmetic purposes should not use heavy metals as a catalyst when manufacturing, and it's important to clarify which materials are used in non-woven.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2024

본 연구는 느타리 병재배시 배지 조성에 따른 질소원 차이가 자실체 생육과 그에 따른 향미 변화 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 포플러 톱밥, 비트펄프, 면실박, 면실피 40:20:20:20로 혼합한 T2에서 156.6 g으로 높은 수량성을 보였으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 ABTS, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 8.25 mg GAE/g, 70%, 49%로 Control과 T1에 비해 높은 라디칼 소거 활성을 나타냈다. 또한, 질소함량에 따라 각기 다른 향기 패턴을 나타내며 변화를 나타내는 것 뿐만 아니라 신맛, 감칠맛, 짠맛 등 맛 패턴에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2017

This Research was the standardization of nutrient sources by reviewing the possibility of cultivation and analysis of imported nutrient sources used in Pleurotus ostreatus culture. As a first result, the concentration of heavy metals was not detected or trace, and the total nitrogen content of cotton seed pomace was 6.22% in Australia, which was higher than that of Chinese or USA. As a second result of physical properties of nutrient sources, the water holding capacity of beet pulp from Egypt was higher with increasing pressure. The volume water content of US was highest at 400hpa and 500hpa in case of cottonseed meal. Third, the content of total nitrogen was the highest at pH 5.51 and the total nitrogen content was the highest at 2.45, and the C/N ratio was the highest at 28.18. Last result shows that first germination day, yield and biological effciency of all treatments were not significant differnet except T2. These results shows that australian cootton was inappropriate to Pleurotus ostreatus culture. Nevertheless, the safety and standardization of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium should be assured by reviewing the media low material importing season, mushroom yield and nutrient sources.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2022

The biological efficiencies of promising Pleurotus spp. were evaluated. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuberregium,and Pleurotus sajor-cajuwere investigated at temperatures of 22℃, 20℃, and 18℃ to determine their ability to adapt to temperatures that are likely to be found in subtropical regions. The experiment was conducted using a substrate comprising Popular sawdust 60% + cotton seed 20% + beet pulp 20% under a relative humidity of 65%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in terms of biological efficiency between the species: P. tuber regium 128.84% at 22℃, P. ostreatus 108.41% at 22℃, and P. sajor-caju is 80% at 20℃. The common temperatures at which all species showed the highest biological efficiencies were 22℃ and 20℃. Therefore, the production of the evaluated species was equal to or surpassed biological efficiencies reported in tropical environments, thereby demonstrating a potential opportunity to adapt to tropical environments without compromising quality standards.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

Immune responses associated with bacterial infection involve various inflammatory cells. Clinical symptoms and pathologic features are particularly influenced by the predominant cells Among inflammatory cells, T cells have the heterogenity. T cells may develop into the mature cells expressing the cell surface markers with different functions and T helper cells are categorized into Th1 and Th2 cells based on their different patterns of cytokine production. The objective of this study was to investigate the change of expression of surface markers on T cells and the Th1/Th2 immune response in pulpal inflammation associated with specific bacteria. We experimentally induced pulpal inflammation in rat incisors by drilling without coolant and innoculated with Streptococcus mutans (S.M. group), Porphyromonas endodontalis (P.E. group), or only sterile cotton (control group). After 1, 2, and 5 days, mandibular incisors were extracted and the pulp tissues were extirpated The expressions of IL-2 recepters (CD25) and ICAM-1 (CD54) on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the pulps were determined using a flow cytometer, and the concentration of IL-2, IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows: 1 In the S.M. group, CD4+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day and in the P.E. group, CD8+ cells were more increased at 2nd day than 1st day. 2. The percentages of CD4+, CD4+25+ and CD4+54+ cells were decreased in the pulp tissues at 5th day after irritation in all groups. 3. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+, CD4+/CD4+25+ and CD4+/CD4+54+ in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis were significantly lower than the other groups. 4. The higher concentrations of IFN-$\gamma$ than IL-4 in the pulps at 2nd day after irritation by P. endodontalis showed that T helper 1 reaction were predominant in the early stage of the pulpal inflammation induced by P. endodontalis. 5. The higher concentrations of IL-4 than IFN-$\gamma$ in the pulps at 1st day and 5th day after irritation by S. mutans were measured but the differences were not significant.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

수한느타리버섯 병재배시 후숙조건을 구명하기 위하여 배지재료는 미루나무톱밥(68%), 면실피(16%), 비트펄프(8%), 면실박(8%)을 부피비율로 혼합하고 수분합량을 67%로 최종 조절하여 사용한다. 후숙기간은 대조구는 실시하지 않았고, $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$조건에서 각각 6일, 9일, 12일, 15일 처리구를 두고 본 시험을 마친 결과 첫째, 후숙기간과 후숙온도에 따른 버섯 생육 특성은 후숙처리 9일과 12일 처리에서 버섯 수량이 각각 163.1g/병과 160.7g/병으로 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 후숙처리에 따른 버섯 재배용 배지의 수분함량 변화를 보면 균배양 전과 균사배양 완료 후의 수분함량은 변동이 없었다. 후숙처리 기간이 길어 질수록 수분함량이 다소 줄어드는 경향이었으며, 버섯 수확후의 배지 수분함량은 후숙기간 9일처리에서 49.3%로 가장 많이 줄어들었다. 마지막으로 배지의 무게변화에 따른 버섯 수량과의 관계를 보면 후숙기간 9일 처리구에서 버섯 수확 후배지 무게가 382.6g/병으로 가장 적었으며, 버섯 수량은 163.1g/병으로 가장 많았다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2011

느타리버섯 병 재배용으로 널리 사용되고 있는 미송톱밥, 비트펄프, 면실박(50:30:20) 혼합배지에 춘추느타리 2호를 재배한 배지를 풀버섯 재배 배지인 면실피펠릿, 밀기울, 탄산칼슘분말(90:9:1)배지에 혼합하여 상자재배시험을 통한 배양 및 생육특성을 비교분석한 결과, 느타리버섯 수확 후 배지의 첨가량이 많을수록 배지의 pH는 낮아지는 경향이었고, 총질소 함량이 높아 C/N율이 낮았다. 또한 미생물 밀도는 느타리버섯 수확 후 배지 첨가량 50%일 때 가장 높았으며 오염은 첨가량 0, 25, 50%가 10~13%로 비교적 낮은 오염율을 보였다. 균사배양기간 7일, 초발이 소요일수는 11~14일, 수확기간은 3~5일로 처리 간의 차이가 적어 총 재배기간도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수량은 기본배지인 면실피 펠릿 발효 배지(대조구, 356g/상자)보다 수확 후 배지 첨가량 50%+기본배지(면실피 펠릿 발효 배지)처리구가 같은 수량을 나타냈으며, 또한 수확 개체수 및 개체중도 대조구와 동등하여 수확 후 배지를 이용한 배지재료 절감효과가 인정되었다.