• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1977

The effects of surfactants and concentration of NaOH in surfactant solution on the removal of free fatty acid soil from cotton fabrics were investigated. Cotton fabrics were soiled with palm itic acid which is the most common fatty acid found in natural oily soil and washed in Lauder-ometer with various types of surfactant with or without NaOH. The rate of soil removal was estimated by analyzing palmitic acid contents in fabric before ar d after washing. Analysis of palmitic contents was made by extracting palmitic acid with azeotropic mixture of alcohol-benzene and the extracts were titrated with standard NaOH solution. It was shown that the types of surfactant are important factor in free fatty acid removal and the efficiency increases in the following order: SLS$90\%$ of initial sorption. In relation to the mechanism of detergency, the suspending and emulsifying power of surfactants were also examined. From the results of this experiments, it could be concluded that the soap formation with alkali and the suspending power of surfactant arc significant factors in free fatty acid soil removal, but the emulsifying power of it is neglizible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1770-1778
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• 2001

황토는 대표적인 천연 무기염재의 일종으로서 바람에 의해 운반되어 퇴적된 담황색 내지는 황회색을 띠는 실트질의 퇴적물을 일컫는다. 황토의 구성물질은 주로 석영, 장석, 산화철광물, 깁사이트 등의 여러 가지 점토광물을 포함하는데, 주로 적색을 띠는 것은 소량의 산화철 광물에 기인되는 경우가 많으며 황토를 구성하는 점토광물로는 버미큘라이트, 카오린 광물인 캐올리나이트와 할로이사이트, 일라이트 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 면직물에 천연 무기염재인 황토를 사용한 염색시에 황토 단독염색과 콩즙 전처리 후 황토염색으로 나누어 염색을 실시하고, 원료 황토와 황토염색 후 면직물에 부착된 성분 간에 차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 X선 형광분석(X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF)을 이용하여 염색 전.후 황토의 성분을 분석하였고, X선 회절분석(X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD)을 이용하여 황토 및 염색 전 후 면직물에 부착된 광물질의 주성분을 분석하였으며, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS)가 장착된 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 면직물에 부착된 광물의 성분을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 황토로 면직물을 염색하는 경우 면직물에 부착되는 황토의 양과 K/S 값은 거 의 비례하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 황토 염색 후 면직물에 부탁되는 주성분은 주로 SiO$_2$, A1$_2$O$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$등인 것으로 나타났으며, X선 회절분석과 EDS분석에 의해 캐올리나이트, 일라이트 등의 점토광물의 형태로 존재하는 것이 확인되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2011

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordants effect of Hwangsu spring were analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements, organic matter and color fastness. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, in Yeongcheon (Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. Hwangsu spring during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ turned brown by photochemical reaction. The Result of ICP analysis, it contained Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm) and observed character by water analysis. Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Cotton(KS K 0905) were dyed with clove powder for 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, Aluminium Sulfate $14-18H_20(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) were used by post mordant at the same ratio. The dyed fabrics were treated with 20% each mordant solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Comparison with a reproduced chemical mordant, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.438-445
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the chemical characteristics, antibacterial activity and dyeability of several juices made from Persimmon cv. 'Gyeongsanbanshi'. Young fruits of persimmon were harvested at 1st August, 2006. Fruit juice was extracted soon after harvesting, some of them were stored at $4{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ for 6 months or fermented at room temperature for 6 months. $L^*$ values of vinegar was 43.5 higher than those of fresh juice and fermented liquor. Inorganic matter contents in fresh juice, fermented liquor and vinegar were higher in the order of K ($1696{\sim}2880\;mg$/100 g), Ca ($166.7{\sim}417.9\;mg$/100 g), Mg ($203.9{\sim}214.4\;mg$/100 g), P ($37.9{\sim}109.8\;mg$/100 g), Na ($13.2{\sim}23.3\;mg$/100 g) and Fe ($8.4{\sim}14.2\;mg$/100 g). Cotton fabrics dyed with the fermented liquor and vinegar had the largest inhibitory zone against the gram-positive microorganisms with range of $16.0{\sim}35.0\;mm$. Cotton fabrics dyed with the fresh juice showed $9.0{\sim}9.5\;mm$ inhibitory zone against the gram-negative microorganisms, $15.0{\sim}21.0\;mm$ with the juice stored at $4{\sim}6^{\circ}C$ for 6 months, $22.0{\sim}23.0\;mm$ with the fermented liquor and $9.0{\sim}35.0\;mm$ with vinegar. The hue of cotton fabrics dyed with the fermented liquor had a YR levels, and antibacterial activity of them were 78.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1991

In the preparation of acrylic water repellent(EDLWC). quaternized 2-diethylarrunoethylmethacrylate-stearylmethacrylate copolymer (DSACC) and quaternized 1-Iaurovlbis(aminoethyl)-2-dodecylimidazoline(LDDIC) were selected as a basic resin and the improving agent such as softening effect and hydrostatic pressure of the water repellent. EDLWC was prepared by blending waxes and emulsifier for waxes with various ratio to DSACC and LDDIC. As the results of the measurement of water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery to polyester-cotton(P/C) blended fabrics treated with EDLWC only or addition of textile finishing resin, the physical properties were increased. Sodium acetate was the most effective catalyst in the water repellency among the various kinds of catalyst. and the reasonable concentration of the catalyst was 1. 4 wt%. EDLWC was confirmed as durable water repellent with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ${\pm}5$ point after and before washing. The reaction mechanism between P/C blended fabrics and EDLWC in the presence of catalyst was proposed. And also, the longitudinal view of the P/C blended fabrics treated with water repellent was observed with scanning electron microscope.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop eco-printing method using natural dyes combined with chitosan treatment to impart various pattern effect on cotton fabric. It was examined whether tone-on-tone pattern effects could be produced by screen printing with chitosan paste and subsequently dip-dyed in natural dye bath. For polychromic colorants, fabrics were pre-mordanted and then screen printed with chitosan, while only chitosan printing treatment was applied for monochromic colorants. Color, dye uptake, washing, light and rubbing fastnesses of printed fabrics were measured in relation to the presence of chitosan printing. Pre-mordanting and chitosan printing treatment were applied to such polychromic colorants as madder, sappanwood, onion and cochineal. Also, printing pattern formation on fabrics was evaluated by differences in dye uptake and color. The results suggested that madder, onion and cochineal were effective on pattern formation. Regarding sappanwood, since dye uptake was increased only by pre-mordanting without chitosan printing treatment, there was little color difference and thus patterns were not clearly distinguished. Chitosan printing treatment tended to increase washing, light and rubbing fastnesses of dyed fabrics with polychromic colorants. Chitosan printing treatment was applied to monochromic colorants such as chlorophyll, gardenia and indigo and the effect of printing formation was examined according to the difference in dye uptake. Among monochromic dyes tried, chlorophyll was effective and chitosan printing improved washing and light fastnesses.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2012

In this study, printing was introduced to the common dip-dyeing method of persimmon juice dyeing so as to develop two different colored persimmon juice dyed fabrics with printings of 'jorangmal' patterns (a national monument) instead of producing a plain textile. Following are the results of a comparative study between the persimmon dyed fabric and undyed fabric, both with printings, in terms of its properties, and hand values. Cotton and rayon were chosen as samples and were compared separately. Firstly, the samples showed differences in terms of clarity and visual sensation depending on the presence of persimmon dye, even if the same pattern and color was used. Secondly, the air permeability of two samples improved after persimmon dyeing even though their thickness increased, and their moisture regain increased as well in all humidity conditions. Thirdly, protectiveness against UV increased in dyed samples, and sweat, sunlight, and compound colorfastness improved in printed dye-fabrics compared to plain dyed ones. Therefore, printing proved to be effective in preventing discoloration. Fourthly, tensile linearity and resilience, bending rigidity, compressive linearity and resilience, and shearing stiffness increased more in the dyed samples compared to undyed ones. However, shearing recovery decreased in both dyed fabrics. Fifthly, the result of its hand value showed that Koshi value increased in all samples than undyed ones, whereas Fukurami, Numeri, and Softosa values decreased. Incorporating printing in persimmon dyeing process could expect creative outcomes not only in today's diverse fashion but in areas of arts or crafts as well.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2016

Charcoal dyed fabrics have been widely used in home textiles and functional clothing due to their anti-statics, antibacterial, deodorization, far infrared emitting and anion releasing. Soybean fiber were regenerated from soybean. Soybean fiber have biodegradable, microbiocidal, non-allergic, and anti-ageing properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeing characteristics of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants. Soybean fabrics were dyed with charcoal solution according to concentration of charcoal, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness and investigate mordanting condition, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with charcoal were mordanted by mordanting agents such as $CH_3COOH$(acetic acid), NaCl(sodium chloride) and $AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O$(Aluminium Potassium Sulfate). Dyeability and color characteristics of charcoal dyed soybean fabric were obtained by computer color matching and SEM morphology analysis. Particle size of charcoal and color fastness were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was $1.39{\mu}m$. The dyeability of soybean fabric using charcoal as colorants was increased gradually with increasing concentration of charcoal dyeing solution and saturated at about 8%(o.w.b.). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were $90{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ and 60~90 minutes respectively. The overall wash fastness at dyeing concentration 2~4%(o.w.b.) and 6~10%(o.w.b.) were 4 degree and 3-4 degree respectively. The fastness to washing according to mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions. On the other hand, the staining of adjacent fabrics, i.e. PET, Acryl, Wool, Acetate, Nylon and Cotton was found to be of grade 4 or 4-5 in all conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.753-761
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• 2006

This paper suggests the optimal conditions for the laundry to prevent from the electrostatic charge by the evaluation of the electrostatic characteristics in the full process of washing and drying. Cotton, nylon, and polyester fabrics were used as test washing specimens. Detergent and softener were used under the standard washing cycle, and then the electrostatic characteristics of laundry were measured. The results showed that the moisture regain decreased and the electrostatic charge increased with the drying time. It was observed that the specimen fabrics were already dried up before the standard drying cycle was finished. Consequently, the excessive drying caused a generation of electrostatic charge due to the removal of the trace of moisture remaining and the excessive friction. Especially, the softener played an important role to prevent from a generation of electrostatic charge, whose insertion was more effective in the drying than in the rinsing process. It was also shown that the electrostatic charge could be decreased by drying the fabrics of one kind. On the other hand, for drying the mixed kinds of fabrics, the electrostatic charge increased remarkably. Therefore we suggest that the laundry be classified according to the kinds of fiber, and then be washed and dried before excessive drying to reduce electrostatic charge And further, a proper use of softener is effective to reduce electrostatic charge.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.126-144
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• 2015

The object of this study is to develop textile designs and fashion products based on the cultural resource of Jeju Bangsatop, which means a stone tower preventing misfortune and driving out evil spirits. The field surveys of 32 Bangsatops located at 17 villages in Jeju were conducted. As a result, unlike stone towers located in other regions, Jeju Bangsatops made with basalt. In addition, wood and stone birds, Dolhareungbang, and other sculptures are built on the tops. Jeju Bangsatops were classified into four types based on the body form of the tops: Conical, truncated conical, trapezoid, and irregular shaped Bangsatops. Jeju Bangsatops located in a area or a village are symmetrically arranged in direction of south and north, left and right, east and west, or face to face. The conical, truncated conical, and irregular shaped Jeju Bangsatops which are designated as folk cultural properties or which have the unique sculptures of stone birds and the statues of Dolhareungbang built on the tops were selected as motifs for textile pattern design. The 4 basic patterns of Jeju Bangstops were designed. The six creative textile designs were developed by the various repeat arrangements of the basic patterns and were printed on oxford cotton fabrics by digital textile printing (DTP) method. The sixteen products of wallets, bags, hats and shoes were actually made with the DTP fabrics, the DTP fabrics which were naturally dyed in gray and blue colors, or the DTP fabrics which were redesigned with textile crayon. Therefore, it is confirmed that Jeju Bangsatop could be very useful as a motif for the development of cultural products focusing on Jeju tourism souvenir market.