• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2003

In two feeding experiments male and mixed-sex broiler chicks were offered diets based on sorghum and a wheatsorghum blend with two tiers of nutrient specifications, without and with microbial phytase (600 and 800 FTU/kg), from 7-25 and 1-42 days post-hatch, respectively. The nutrient specifications for protein, amino acids, energy density and phosphorus (P) of standard diets were reduced to formulate the modified diets on a least-cost basis. Calculated differences in nutrient specifications between standard and modified diets ranged from 14.3 to 17.1 g/kg crude protein, 0.24 to 0.40 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and 1.06 to 1.20 g/kg available P. In both experiments, reduced nutrient specifications had a negative impact on growth rates and feed efficiency and phytase supplementation had a positive influence on growth performance and protein efficiency ratios (PER). Phytase addition to the less expensive, modified diets either partially or entirely compensated for reduced growth performance and, consequently, feed costs per kg of live weight gain were reduced. In Experiment 1, phytase increased (p<0.001) nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from 15.39 to 15.89 MJ/kg dry matter. For nitrogen (N) retention there was an interaction (p<0.05) between diet type and phytase as the effects of phytase on N retention were more pronounced in the modified diets, with an increase from 0.512 to 0.561. These results demonstrate the positive effects of phytase on protein and energy utilisation, in addition to its established liberation of phytate-bound P and illustrate the feasibility of assigning nutrient replacement values to the feed enzyme for consideration in least-cost ration formulations. Further work is, however, required to define the most appropriate reductions in nutrient specifications in association with phytase supplementation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1987

본 시험은 산란계사료의 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 하절기에 있어서 갈색 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 대사에너지 3수준(2,500, 2700 및 2900Kcal/kg)과 단백질 3수준(13, 15 및 17%)을 조합한 9개처리에 24주령된 Warren 산란계 720수를 공시하여 1983년 6월 3일부터 동년 8월 25일까지 12주간에 걸쳐 시험을 실시한 바 그 결과는 다음 요약과 같다. 1. 산란율은 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 점차 저하되었고 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하였다. 2. 란중은 에너지 수준에 따라서 큰 차이가 없었으나 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 3. 사료섭취량은 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 점차 감소하였으나, 단백질 수준에 따라서는 차이가 없었다. 4. 사료요구율은 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 점차 개선되었다. 5. 폐사율은 사료중의 에너지 및 단백질 수준에 영향을 받지 않았다. 6. 1일수당 에너지 섭취량은 사료중의 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하였다. 7. 산란 kg당 대사에너지 요구량은 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하였으며 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 8. 산란kg당 단백질 요구량은 에너지 및 단백질수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하였다. 9. 산란kg당 사료비는 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하였고 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 점차 감소하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.194-220
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• 1992

In recent years there has been a rapid influx of high cost MRI equipment into Korea. This diffusion has raised concerns about the changes it will bring for the health care utilization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify socio-economic characteristics of MRI uses in Korea. A structured questionnaire was designed for this purpose, and 1, 091 users were surveyed at the 35 MRI units of 33 hospitals during a week, sometimes March 1992. The study reveals that high cost technology such as MRI, CT scanner is so prevalent in Korea. This is particularly the case in metropolitan areas. Among others, Seoul has the highest percentage of MRI equipment, 51.05%, Pusan 12.10% and Kwangju 11.9%. Unfortunately, most high cost technology equipments are foreign products. Thus, hospitals with such a high cost technology have difficulties in maintenance of the equipment. The average performance of MRI equipment has declined from 10.2 cases per day in 1988 to 7.16 cases in March 1992. Due to the rapid increase, the performance of MRI equipment seems to be deterioration. Male usere are dominant in the case of MRI use. The utilization rate has positively increased with the rise of educational level of users. The same is true for the level of income; the MRI utilization rate by income level shows that it is negatively proportional to income, which indicates that the poor have difficulties in the use of high cost technology. Particularly, the cost of MRI is so high that ordinary patients are unable to pay for it. For example, 86.3% of respondents have answered that the cost is too high even though they are insured by health insurance. This is the first empirical study on the use status of MRI. The information obtained in this study is sufficient to maintain that the Korean health insurance programme is urgently in need of improving the insurance benefit schemes. The easiest way to do this is to include provision of high cost technology service into the benefit package.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 2015년 경제총조사 자료를 이용하여 국내 중소 해운물류기업들의 업종별 경영성과지표를 산정함과 동시에 경영성과 결정요인 분석을 수행하였다. 실증분석 결과, 국내 해운물류기업 규모에 관계없이 평균 매출액, 평균 영업이익, 종사자 당 매출액, 종사자 당 영업이익, 매출액 영업이익률, 매출액 대비 재료비 비중, 평균 부가가치액 등의 경영성과지표는 기업 규모가 클수록 그 값이 크게 분석된 반면, 매출액 대비 인건비 비중과 부가가치율 지표는 기업 규모가 작을수록 그 값이 크게 분석되었다. 즉 위에서 산정된 국내 해운물류기업들의 경영성과지표들은 업종 및 규모별로 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 국내 중소 해운물류기업들의 지역 및 기업특성변수들 중 매출액 영업이익률과 매출액 대비 부가가치율 등 경영성과에 미치는 결정요인들은 실업률(-), 종업원 수(-), 매출액(+), 인건비 비중(+), 종업원당 인건비(-) 등으로 분석되었고, 탄력성을 기준으로 한 개별 설명변수들의 영향력은 변수들마다 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구결과에서 도출된 국내 중소 해운물류기업의 경영성과지표들에 대한 개별 설명변수들의 탄력성 추정치들은 향후 기업별 경영성과지표 개선방안을 수립하는 데 정량적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1998

An economic process monitoring procedure is presented when the major quality characteristic of the item is dichotomous. Every item is inspected and decided whether it is conforming or not. If an item is found to be nonconforming, the previous number of the successive conforming items is compared with a predetermined number r to check the process for existence of any assignable cause of variation. A cost model is constructed on the basis of costs of inspection, illegal signal, undetected out-of-control state and corrective action. By minimizing the expected total cost per unit time, the optimal value of r is obtained. The effects of cost coefficients are studied numerically.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2019

It is well documented that intensive selection in dairy cattle for economic value such as increased milk yield led to a decline in reproductive performance. Recent studies using genome-wide association studies (GWASs) discovered candidate genes involved in the lower fertility including embryo development and conception rates. However, the information, which showed a lower reproductive performance, is limited to dairy cattle, especially Holstein, and the candidate genes were not examined in the Korean native cattle Hanwoo which has been intensively selected and bred for meat in the last few decades. We selected the candidate genes WBP1 and PARM1 reported to be associated with cow and/or heifer conception in dairy cattle and analyzed the genotype because those genes have non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To determine the single base change, we used the high resolution melting (HRM) assay which is rapid and cost-effective for a small number of genes. We found that most heifers with higher conception (1: service per conception) have the AA genotype coding Threonine rather than Proline in the WBP1 gene. We did not detect an association for a SNP in PARM1 in our analysis. In conclusion, the genetic variation of WBP1 can be used as a selective marker gene to improve reproductive performance, and HRM assay can be used to identify common SNP genotypes rapidly and cost effectively.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2016

India is largest producer of banana in the world producing 29.72 million tonnes from an area of 0.803 million ha with a productivity of 35.7 MT ha-1 and accounted for 15.48 and 27.01 per cent of the world's area and production respectively (www.nhb.gov.in). In India, Tamil Nadu leads other states both in terms of area and production followed by Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. In Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district had special reputation in the cultivation of banana in an area of 5765 hectares with an annual production of 2.01 lakh tonnes in the year 2012-13 and hence, it was purposively chosen for the study. On $23^{rd}$ November 2003, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has commenced a comprehensive project called 'Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project (APMIP)', first of its kind in the world so as to promote water use efficiency. APMIP is offering 100 per cent of subsidy in case of SC, ST and 90 per cent in case of other categories of farmers up to 5.0 acres of land. In case of acreage between 5-10 acres, 70 per cent subsidy and acreage above 10, 50 per cent of subsidy is given to the farmer beneficiaries. The sampling frame consists of Kurnool district, two mandals, four villages and 180 sample farmers comprising of 60 farmers each from Marginal (<1ha), Small (1-2ha) and Other (>2ha) categories. A well structured pre-tested schedule was employed to collect the requisite information pertaining to the performance of drip irrigation among the sample farmers and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was employed to analyze the performance of drip irrigation in banana farms. The performance of drip irrigation was assessed based on the parameters like: Land Development Works (LDW), Fertigation costs (FC), Volume of water supplied (VWS), Annual maintenance costs of drip irrigation (AMC), Economic Status of the farmer (ES), Crop Productivity (CP) etc. The first four parameters are considered as inputs and last two as outputs for DEA modelling purposes. The findings revealed that, the number of farms operating at CRS are more in number in other farms (46.66%) followed by marginal (45%) and small farms (28.33%). Similarly, regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, the other farms are again more in number with 61.66 per cent followed by marginal (53.33%) and small farms (35%). With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farms dominate the scenario with 57 per cent followed by others (55%) and small farms (50%). At pooled level, 26.11 per cent of the farms are being operated at CRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.6138 i.e., 47 out of 180 farms. Nearly 40 per cent of the farmers at pooled level are being operated at VRS with an average technical efficiency score of 0.7241. As regards to scale efficiency, nearly 52 per cent of the farmers (94 out of 180 farmers) at pooled level, either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Majority of the farms (39.44%) are operating at IRS and only 29 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS. This signifies that, more resources should be provided to these farms operating at IRS and the same should be decreased towards the farms operating at DRS. Nearly 32 per cent of the farms are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of resources. Log linear regression model was used to analyze the major determinants of input use efficiency in banana farms. The input variables considered under DEA model were again considered as influential factors for the CRS obtained for the three categories of farmers. Volume of water supplied ($X_1$) and fertigation cost ($X_2$) are the major determinants of banana farms across all the farmer categories and even at pooled level. In view of their positive influence on the CRS, it is essential to strengthen modern irrigation infrastructure like drip irrigation and offer more fertilizer subsidies to the farmer to enhance the crop production on cost-effective basis in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. This study further suggests that, the present era of Information Technology will help the irrigation management in the context of generating new techniques, extension, adoption and information. It will also guide the farmers in irrigation scheduling and quantifying the irrigation water requirements in accordance with the water availability in a particular season. So, it is high time for the Government of India to pay adequate attention towards the applications of 'Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its applications in irrigation water management' for facilitating the deployment of Decision Supports Systems (DSSs) at various levels of planning and management of water resources in the country.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1572-1576
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• 2003

A growth trial of 180 days was conducted on 18 crossbred calves (6-9 months, $73.48{\pm}6.52kg)$ by randomly allotting to two complete diets and a conventional diet (6 in each group). The complete diets were formulated containing 40 per cent cotton straw, one processed in mash form and other subjected to expander-extruder pelletization (EEP). These two complete diets were compared with conventional system of feeding under which concentrate mixture and cotton straw were fed separately in a 60:40 ratio. The calves on EEP complete diet consumed more (p<0.01) DM in comparison to other two groups. The DMI per 100 kg body weight was similar among all the diets. The ADG was significantly (p<0.01) higher in calves fed EEP complete diets (815.4 g) followed by mash (627.0 g) in comparison to conventional diet (464.9 g). The DM intake per kg metabolic body weight was higher (p<0.01) on complete diet than conventional diet. The intakes of DCP (p<0.05), TDN (p<0.01), and ME (p<0.01) per kg metabolic body weight were significantly higher on EEP complete diet in comparison to mash and conventional diet. The water intake per kg DM intake was comparable among all the diets. The efficiency of DM utilisation was higher p (<0.05) on EEP complete diet (5.84) in comparison to conventional diet (7.41), whereas on mash diet it was intermediate (6.68). The efficiency of DCP utilization was similar in mash and EEP complete diet fed groups, which was higher (p<0.05) than that of the conventional diet. Expander-extrusion though increased the cost of production it reduced the cost of feed per unit live weight gain by 12.28% in comparison to its mash form and by 16.76% when concentrate and cotton straw were fed separately. The results indicated that blending of cotton straw along with concentrates in a complete diet increased the palatability of the straw in comparison to conventional system and expander extruder processing of cotton straw based complete diet gave better growth performance and may form an economic ration for growing crossbred calves.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

Purpose: This study, which is based on the investment payback periods, aims to suggest the proper insulation level which can be adapted to the Defense Military Facility Criteria regarding the military residential condominiums. For the energy performance simulation, it is required to collect the residential data regarding the military condominiums and climatic data concerning the regions they belongs to. The estimates through energy performance simulation are the regional heating loads and the heating transmission coefficients of building components. Method: With the heating loads, the annual heating cost saving per square meters is assessed. With the heating transmission coefficients of building components, the additional insulation installment cost per square meters is evaluated. With two outcomes, one as an annual value and the other as a present value, the investment payback period is calculated. Result: In result, it could be concluded that 55~70% insulation ratio can lead a superior residental environments as well as be contributed to the national policy associated with zero-energy buildings because the estimated investment payback period is shorter than the life span of the military residental condominiums. This upshot can be used as a foundation to enactment the Defense Military Facility Criteria associated with military residential condominiums.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2008

This study examined foodservice management performance in child-care centers and suggests ways in which meal service quality can be improved. Questionnaires were distributed to 51 child-care facilities. The majority of respondents were facility directors (dietitians) and their facility type was tax-paid (92.2%). The dietitian response rate was 51.0%, and the majority (96.2%) were hired with co-management status, visiting a facility once a week (76.0%). Only 52.1% of the facilities had menu planning by a dietitian, and improvements were needed in terms of planning menus with standardized recipes, especially for infant meals. The monthly food cost per child was 47,394 won, and the labor cost for a co-management dietitian was 3,670 won per child, indicating 21.8% and 1.8% of the tuition fee, respectively. Other necessary improvements included: more reliable food purchasing management, securing additional foodservice equipment, and better sanitation management. In addition, respondents rated the following as requirements to ensure high quality meal service: 'modernized foodservice equipment and facilities', 'government financial support', and 'information on nutrition and foodservice management provided by dietitians'. Based on the study results, the following are recommendations for improving meal service quality in child-care centers: Dietitian placement should be extended to facilities of over 50-capacity in addition to their current placement in facilities of over 100-capacity, and co-management dietitians should have their control span restricted to two facilities instead of five. Finally, nationwide nutrition support plans and nutrition education programs should be developed and implemented by dietitians, and their roles should be extended to foodservice mangers as well as nutrition teachers.