• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.435-453
• /
• 2016

The main purpose of this study is to perform optimum cost design of cut and cover RC shallow tunnels using Artificial bee colony and genetic algorithms. For this purpose, mathematical expressions of objective function, design variables and constraints for the design of cut and cover RC shallow tunnels were determined. By using these expressions, optimum cost design of the Trabzon Kalekapisi junction underpass tunnel was carried out by using the cited algorithms. The results obtained from the algorithms were compared with the results obtained from traditional design and remarkable saving from the cost of the tunnel was achieved.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2003

According to the rising of national economic level, domestic consumption of vegetables having high additive values is increased continuously due to increased consumption of meat in last decade. These vegetables are produced almost in this country and are limited to import from neighbor countries in due of high transportation expenses for storing in refrigerated container. It is very important to mechanize the harvest work, forming more than 30% for their production cost, in order to cultivate variable vegetables at the same time according to their harvesting seasons. In this state its former harvest methods, with using of human power or semi-automatic harvest, caused to increase their production cost due to high labor cost and low working efficiency.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.85-109
• /
• 1996

Telemedicine can increase accessibility to advance medical technology at the university hospital for community residents living in a remote area. This paper focused on the economic evaluation of telemedicine to identify important factors influencing costs and benefits and to understand how these factors can be changed to improve economic performance of the telemedicine. When the telemedicine project currently operating in Korea was evaluated based on the traditional cost-benefit analysis, the results showed a heavy net loss wiht a B/C ration of 0.56. As several values were added to the analysis based on the Information Economics approach, B/C ratios steadly increased. When the saving of medical expenses from the early detection of diseases was taken into a consideration, the ration exceeded the break-even point. >From the sensitivity analysis, a number of patients and the cost for equipment and communication were found to be the key factors for influencing economic performance of telemedicine.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.470-473
• /
• 2009

We have developed a novel driving method, Six times Rate Driving(SRD) for the purpose of making cost competitive TFT-LCD. By applying SRD method to an a-Si TFT-LCD, the driving rate was increased six times as it was named but the number of data lines and so its D-Ics were reduced to one sixth of the conventional one which resulted in the cost saving of that much. We also newly designed the gate driver in order to avoid any expansion of the bezel width caused by applying SRD. Our newly developed driving technology, SRD was successfully applied to 7.0-inch WSVGA (1024 ${\times}$ 600) TFT-LCD which can be driven with only one data D-IC and here introduced.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.301-322
• /
• 1996

This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.592-598
• /
• 2007

The fuel charge is getting higher in navigation cost. Therefore, shipowners try to find the method for reducing oil consumption. ESS(Energy Saving System) is one of he method. ESS is the system consisted with two inverters, ESS control unit and monitoring system. Two inverters control two main sea water cooling pumps. In the ESS control Unit, the control algorithm finds optimized point to decrease a power consumption of main sea water cooling pumps. Monitoring system observes ESS not to work improperly. ESS is experimented in the laboratory with real condition and analyzed in every view. After experiment, the result of the experiment shows that the control algorithm works correctly and safely. ESS has a plan to be operated in the ship soon. In that case, additional devices are needed to connect ESS with cooling system of the vessel. So the development of addition device is needed and being studied.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.293-304
• /
• 2007

Using the high-pressure heating extraction process suitable for mass-production, crab stock(CS), red crab stock(RCS) and fish stock(FS) were manufactured and their quality and organic features were compared. The results are as follows. In mineral content, the content of essential amino acids, the content of delicious amino acids and preference, CS and RCS were rated higher than FS, and especially RCS had the most abundant essential amino acid content and had the highest rating in organic evaluation. Also, in terms of cost, RCS was more economical than regular CS, which is relatively expensive. Therefore, it is believed that replacing fish bones with RCS in making stock will be more cost-saving and have higher preference.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.535-538
• /
• 2008

Insert-injection molding can inject two different materials or two colors in the same mold and process. If this injection process use, product has ability because the base part maintain strength and specified part can inject soft-material. It makes the cost down by single operation automatically for saving wages. In this paper, we designed double-injection mold for automobile remote control to inject secondary using this part as insert after inject external appearance of product. CAE analysis was progressed gate location and runner size as variable and analysis result is reflected in mold design process. As a result, it could solved badness that is generated at the conventional mold. Additionally, cost is downed by reducing loss of runner as well as could omit painting process because surface of finished product is improved through new mold.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.238-241
• /
• 1989

국내 농수산물 유통용 골판지 상자의 65% 이상이 이중 양면골판지 (DW) 상자를 사용하고 있다. 이것을 양면 골판지(SW) 상자로 대체시 강도의 변화 및 경제성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 이중 양면골판지 상자에 비해서 양면골판지 상자의 압축강도는 46%에서 98%까지 높았고 가격은 8% 더 저렴한 경우도 강도는 높게 나타났다. 이중 양면골판지 상자를 양면골판지 상자로 대체시 날개부분에서 절약되는 금액은 405억원으로 자원 절약 효과는 13%에 달했다. 따라서 국내 골관지물 유통용 골판지 상자로는 양면골판지(SW) 상자로 대체하는 것이 바람직하고 사료되었다.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2012

When a building is planned and designed, the design should be able to minimize the cost during the whole life cycle of the building. This study has begun to analyze LCC about the alternative design which is applicable to renewable energy facility construction. It is reviewed domestic and foreign papers about the trend of LCC technology and it is determined the analytical method to analyze the LCC of renewable energy. Regarding the review of alternatives, it is chosen the three alternatives which are able to designed combing the renewable energy facilities and it is performed the LCC analysis about each alternative. Alternative 1 is Photovoltaic + Solar Thermal + Photovoltaic /Wind Power, Alternative 2 is Geothermal + Photovoltaic, and Alternative 3 is Photovoltaic + Solar Thermal. The LCC analysis is present value method, its analytical period is 40 years and it is applied 3.2% of real discount rate. As a result, it is proved that Alternative 1 and Alternative 3 are not able to collectible the early investment cost during the analytical period and Alternative 2 is analyzed that its pay-back period of early investment cost is about 31 years. As the final outcome of this study on case analysis, it is more advantageous to use the combination of Geothermal and Photovoltaic energy than to use the other combination in LCC aspect.