• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.81-95
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle for the management of metabolic syndrome and to assess its effectiveness in the workplace. Methods: The metabolic syndrome management program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle is constructed action checklist, Group discussion, self-creation of an action plan, after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, the practice carried out check up and encourage practice activity. Results: The seventy-seven workers who participated in the metabolic syndrome management program made a total of 246 action plans, 3.8 action plans per person and 234 action plans were achieved after one year, so that 81.0% of action plans have been achieved. After 1 year, in the intervention group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), the risk factors score decreased statistically significant, and metabolic syndrome prevalence decreased 54.8%. whereas the control group also showed a significant decreased in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the risk factors score. but, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly increased. Conclusions: To improve the effectiveness of metabolic syndrome management program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle, the need to continues implementing programs and analysis of the long-term effects are required. Participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) principle can applying without cost and time, the human burden for the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.451-463
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• 2003

Recently, there have been various research efforts to develop strategies for accelerating OLAP operations on huge amounts of spatio-temporal data. Most of the work is based on multi-tree structures which consist of a single R-tree variant for spatial dimension and numerous B-trees for temporal dimension. The multi~tree based frameworks, however, are hardly applicable to spatio-temporal OLAP in practice, due mainly to high management cost and low query efficiency. To overcome the limitations of such multi-tree based frameworks, we propose a new approach called Hilbert Cube(H-Cube), which employs fractals in order to impose a total-order on cells. In addition, the H-Cube takes advantage of the traditional Prefix-sum approach to improve Query efficiency significantly. The H-Cube partitions an embedding space into a set of cells which are clustered on disk by Hilbert ordering, and then composes a cube by arranging the grid cells in a chronological order. The H-Cube refines cells adaptively to handle regional data skew, which may change its locations over time. The H-Cube is an adaptive, total-ordered and prefix-summed cube for spatio-temporal data warehouses. Our approach focuses on indexing dynamic point objects in static spatial dimensions. Through the extensive performance studies, we observed that The H-Cube consumed at most 20% of the space required by multi-tree based frameworks, and achieved higher query performance compared with multi-tree structures.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.3
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• pp.157-168
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• 2011

Recently flash memory has been being utilized as a main storage device in mobile devices, and flashSSDs are getting popularity as a major storage device in laptop and desktop computers, and even in enterprise-level server machines. Unlike HDDs, on flash memory, the overwrite operation is not able to be performed unless it is preceded by the erase operation to the same block. To address this, FTL(Flash memory Translation Layer) is employed on flash memory. Even though the modified data block is overwritten to the same logical address, FTL writes the updated data block to the different physical address from the previous one, mapping the logical address to the new physical address. This enables flash memory to avoid the high block-erase cost. A flashSSD has an array of NAND flash memory packages so it can access one or more flash memory packages in parallel at once. To take advantage of the internal parallelism of flashSSDs, it is beneficial for DBMSs to request I/O operations on sequential logical addresses. However, the B-tree structure, which is a representative index scheme of current relational DBMSs, produces excessive I/O operations in random order when its node structures are updated. Therefore, the original b-tree is not favorable to SSD. In this paper, we propose AS(Always Sequential) B-tree that writes the updated node contiguously to the previously written node in the logical address for every update operation. In the experiments, AS B-tree enhanced 21% of B-tree's insertion performance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.61-71
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• 2017

The tracer gas method has an advantage that can estimate total and local ventilation rate by tracing air flow. However, the field measurement using tracer gas has disadvantages such as danger, inefficiency, and high cost. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ventilation rate in pig house by using the thermal distribution data rather than tracer gas. Especially, LMA (Local Mean Age), which is an index based on the age of air theory, was used to evaluate the ventilation rate in pig house. Firstly, the field experiment was conducted to measure micro-climate inside pig house, such as the air temperature, $CO_2$ concentration and wind velocity. And then, LMA was calculated based on the decay of $CO_2$ concentration and air temperature, respectively. This study compared between LMA determined by $CO_2$ concentration and air temperature; the average error and root mean square error were 3.76 s and 5.34 s. From these results, it was determined that thermal distribution data could be used for estimation of LMA. Finally, CFD (Computational fluid dynamic) model was validated using LMA and wind velocity. The mesh size was designed to be 0.1 m based on the grid independence test, and the Standard $k-{\omega}$ model was eventually chosen as the proper turbulence model. The developed CFD model was highly appropriate for evaluating the ventilation rate in pig house.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.664-674
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• 2004

The trajectory preservation property that stores only one trajectory in a leaf node is the most important feature of an index structure, such as the TB-tree for retrieving object's moving paths in the spatio-temporal space. It performs well in trajectory-related queries such as navigational queries and combined queries. But, the MBR of non-leaf nodes in the TB-tree have large amounts of dead space because trajectory preservation is achieved at the sacrifice of the spatial locality of trajectories. As dead space increases, the overlap between nodes also increases, and, thus, the classical range query cost increases. We present a new split policy and entry relocation policies, which have no deterioration of the performance for trajectory-related queries, for improving the performance of range queries. To maximally reduce the dead space of a non-leaf node's MBR, the Maximal Area Reduction (MAR) policy is used as a split policy for non-leaf nodes. The entry relocation policy induces entries in non-leaf nodes to exchange each other for the purpose of reducing dead spaces in these nodes. We propose two algorithms for the entry relocation policy, and evaluate the performance studies of new algorithms comparing to the TB-tree under a varying set of spatio-temporal queries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2000

Titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films have valuable properties such as a high refractive index, excellent transmittance in the visible and near-IR frequency, and high chemical stability. Therefore it is extensively used in anti-reflection coating, sensor, and photocatalysis as electrical and optical applications. Specially, TiO2 have a high dielectric constant of 180 along the c axis and 90 along the a axis, so it is highlighted in fabricating dielectric capacitors in micro electronic devices. A variety of methods have been used to produce patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), including microcontact printing ($\mu$CP), UV-photolithotgraphy, e-beam lithography, scanned-probe based micro-machining, and atom-lithography. Above all, thin film fabrication on $\mu$CP modified surface is a potentially low-cost, high-throughput method, because it does not require expensive photolithographic equipment, and it produce micrometer scale patterns in thin film materials. The patterned SAMs were used as thin resists, to transfer patterns onto thin films either by chemical etching or by selective deposition. In this study, we deposited TiO2 thin films on Si (1000 substrateds using titanium (IV) isopropoxide ([Ti(O(C3H7)4)] ; TIP as a single molecular precursor at deposition temperature in the range of 300-$700^{\circ}C$ without any carrier and bubbler gas. Crack-free, highly oriented TiO2 polycrystalline thin films with anatase phase and stoichimetric ratio of Ti and O were successfully deposited on Si(100) at temperature as low as 50$0^{\circ}C$. XRD and TED data showed that below 50$0^{\circ}C$, the TiO2 thin films were dominantly grown on Si(100) surfaces in the [211] direction, whereas with increasing the deposition temperature to $700^{\circ}C$, the main films growth direction was changed to be [200]. Two distinct growth behaviors were observed from the Arhenius plots. In addition to deposition of THe TiO2 thin films on Si(100) substrates, patterning of TiO2 thin films was also performed at grown temperature in the range of 300-50$0^{\circ}C$ by MOCVD onto the Si(100) substrates of which surface was modified by organic thin film template. The organic thin film of SAm is obtained by the $\mu$CP method. Alpha-step profile and optical microscope images showed that the boundaries between SAMs areas and selectively deposited TiO2 thin film areas are very definite and sharp. Capacitance - Voltage measurements made on TiO2 films gave a dielectric constant of 29, suggesting a possibility of electronic material applications.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2010

In a virtual community, one can possess multiple identities and pretend to be different by creating self-identity in contrast with his or her actual self. Does false identity undermine the qualitative growth of a virtual community by reducing members' accountability? Or does it stimulate their contributive behaviors by ensuring freedom of speech? It is imperative to understand the effects of multi-identity considering the distinct properties of a virtual community in which people easily change their identities at little or no cost. To answer these questions, we adopted the concept of self-discrepancy from the social psychology theory rooted in the concept of the self and developed a theoretical model to predict quality of contribution of the individual member in virtual communities. Based on the self-discrepancy theory, we first identified two different domains of the self: (1) an "actual self" that consists of attributes that the person believes he or she currently possesses in real life and (2) a "cyber self" that consists of attributes the person believes he or she possesses in a virtual community. Next, we derived an index for two different types of self-discrepancy by using the differences between the actual and the cyber identities: Personal Self-discrepancy and Social Self-discrepancy. Personal Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's intelligence, education, and expertise. Social Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's morality, sociability, and accordance with social norms. Finally, we linked them with sense of virtual community, perceived privacy rights, and quality of contribution to examine how having a multi-identity influences an individual's psychological state and contributive behaviors in a virtual community. The results of the analysis based on 266 respondents showed that Social Self-discrepancy negatively influenced both the Sense of Virtual Community and Perceived Privacy Rights, while Personal Self-discrepancy negatively influenced only Perceived Privacy Rights, thereby resulting in reduced quality of contribution in virtual communities. Based on the results of this analysis, we can explain the dysfunctions of multi-identity in virtual communities. First, people who pretend to be different by engaging in socially undesirable behaviors under their alternative identities are more likely to suffer lower levels of psychological wellbeing and thus experience lower levels of sense of virtual community than others. Second, people do not perceive a high level of privacy rights reflecting catharsis, recovery, or autonomy, even though they create different selves and engage in socially undesirable behaviors in a virtual community. Third, people who pretend to be different persons in terms of their intelligence, education, or expertise also indirectly debase the quality of contribution by decreasing perceived privacy rights. The results suggest that virtual community managers should pay more attention to the negative influences exercised by multi-identity on the quality of contribution, thereby controlling the need to create alternative identities in virtual communities. We hope that more research will be conducted on this underexplored area of multi-identity and that our theoretical framework will serve as a useful conceptual tool for all endeavors.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.13-31
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• 2016

Despite expectations of short- or long-term positive effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm performance, the results of existing research into this relationship are inconsistent partly due to lack of clarity about subordinate CSR concepts. In this study, keywords related to CSR concepts are extracted from atypical sources, such as newspapers, using text mining techniques to examine the relationship between CSR and firm performance. The analysis is based on data from the New York Times, a major news publication, and Google Scholar. We used text analytics to process unstructured data collected from open online documents to explore the effects of CSR on short- and long-term firm performance. The results suggest that the CSR index computed using the proposed text - online media - analytics predicts long-term performance very well compared to short-term performance in the absence of any internal firm reports or CSR institute reports. Our study demonstrates the text analytics are useful for evaluating CSR performance with respect to convenience and cost effectiveness.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2011

Ninety five Hanwoo steers averaging 226kg of body weight were used to investigate the effect of dietary type on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and economical analysis in Hanwoo feeding over 22 months. Treatments were composed of commercial formula feed (formula feed), TMR and Fermented-TMR (F-TMR). Intakes of dry matter and TDN were greater in the F-TMR than the other treatments during each growing and fattening phase (p<0.05). Although daily body gain of the F-TMR was lowest during the growing phase, but was 48% greater than those of other treatment during the finishing phase (p<0.05). Feed efficiency of the F-TMR was maintained constantly during whole growing and fattening phases. Carcass weight and rib-eye area of the F-TMR were greatest (p<0.05) among treatments. However, meat yield index and the rate of grade A in meat yield were highest in the formula feed having the thinnest back fat. Marbling score was hugely (p<0.05) increased when steers fed F-TMR, and therateofgrade 1+andoverinmeatqualitywas96%intheF-TMR. Although feed cost in the F-TMR was increased by 40% compare to the formula feed, but net income was increased by 29% due to improvement of meat quality and body gain.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.