• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effects of building and greenhouse structural code on the structural design and the greenhouse construction cost. The over-design possibility of greenhouse was analyzed when building structural code was applied using standard smart greenhouse drawings. The possibility of decrease in greenhouse construction cost was investigated if the currently applied building structural code was replaced with greenhouse structural code. As a result of comparing the member sizes with the standard drawings, building structural code was designed with 13%~74% more steel than greenhouse structural code. When building construction estimate was replaced with greenhouse construction estimate, it was possible to reduce the total construction cost of the glass greenhouse by 17% and that of the vinyl greenhouse by 14%. Since there is no standard construction estimate suitable for greenhouses, the wage unit price is set excessively, and the construction cost of the smart greenhouse is increasing. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish greenhouse structural code and greenhouse construction estimate to lower the greenhouse construction cost.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

Cost estimate system Will be changed from the prime. cost calculation to the historical cost data because the present system has some problems. In this situation, each owner should prepare his own cost estimate system based on the historical cost data. In this study, the standard work items were classified and the criteria of their work amount computation were established for rural improvement projects. And also the historical cost data were collected in all range of rural improvement projects, and the database system, "HICOMS" (HIstorical COst data Management System) was built. In order to test the applicability of the HICOMS, standard work cost and contractor cost were compared. The results by HICOMS showed high significance and it was concluded that the HICOMS could be applicable for the cost estimate of the rural improvement projects. projects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.315-316
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• 2021

The proportion of maintenance work has been increasing due to the recent aging of the infrastructure, but the standardized construction cost estimation standards are insufficient for this. In particular, reinforced concrete structures are being applied to many structures such as buildings and bridges, and various construction methods for maintenance of reinforced concrete structures are being developed and applied. In this study, we surveyed about the current status of the construction method for the maintenance work of reinforced concrete structures and analyze the factors of the revision of the construction cost estimate standard for the reinforced concrete structure maintenance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

It is an important issue in cost management to contract with the standard of cost estimate by the reasonable way in public construction projects. For the standard of cost estimate based on the Standard Estimating System, there is a difference of labor inputs between Standard Estimating System and actual quantities in construction projects. The duration of form work in multi-family housing depends on the manpower compared with other work, which is the critical path on the schedule management to be decided quality, and is the important to the cost management of construction projects. This study presented a simulation model of the productivity analysis for selecting the standard work type of form work in Multi-family housing construction projects.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.139-152
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• 2002

This study was performed to estimate living cost for the elderly couple living in a city in Korea. Living cost means expenditure per month for elderly couple. It was assumed that the elderly couple will need different living cost according to their circumstances. The circumstances are health status, retirement status, and the level of living they want. The subjects were the elderly couple households over the age 65 of household head. Total number of subject was 1,649 households. Used data was Annual Report surveyed by National Statistical Office on the Family Income and Expenditure. Analysis of data was done through frequency, percentage, means, median using SAS Program. The results of this study were as follows: Their standard living cost was 844,980 won by pure relative standard line and 842,300 won by quasi relative standard lines. And minimum living cost was 713,400 won by the former, by the latter was 557,600 won (3/2 of median). And abundant Living cost was 1,068,020 won by the former, by the latter 1,263,450 won. The living cost of elderly households was about 81-83%, comparing with non-elderly households. Among the item of expenditure, the proportion of housing and medical care cost was larger than any other items.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-70
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• 2009

As software development and maintenance cost increase quickly, information systems managers are more concerned about how to effectively manage software cost. To estimate the software development cost, most public institutes of Korea use the software cost estimation standard established by the government. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the estimation derived from the standard has not been satisfactory in spite of repetitive modifications made to improve it. One of the major reasons for the inaccuracy is that the standard has too small a number of cost adjustment factors to reflect the various characteristics of a software development project. To remedy this problem, we propose new cost adjustment factors which can be incorporated into the standard and are important to enhance the estimation accuracy, based on the analysis of several well-known software estimation models. Furthermore, by applying the proposed model to real world software projects, we show that the proposed model can produce more accurate estimates than the current standard.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.667-676
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• 2014

This study has conducted case studies in order to suggest alternatives to the historical data-based estimate system. Price fluctuation calculation methods based on historial cost indexes, standard estimate and construction cost indexes were applied to 9 road construction sites in Jeju for an analysis. As a result, in 5 construction sites (about 56% of 9 sites), the index control rate calculated based upon historical data-based estimate system was higher than that calculated based upon standard estimate and construction cost indexes. Thus the establishment of the requirements for the adjustment of contract price due to price fluctuation delays, which leads to a significant difference in price fluctuation amount. And, in an analysis of construction cost indexes, the indexes for road construction were used for calculating index control rate which ranges from 2.0 to 9.4 percent, indicating the time of construction amount and price fluctuation application has a significant influence on index control rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-40
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• 2013

The natural environment restoration industry has been newly included in the environment area of engineering technology. Accordingly, the enactment of a standard of estimate for determining the 'Cost plus Fixed Fee' method has become necessary for the implementation and vitalization of natural environment restoration projects. The purpose of this study is to determine the standards for which the prices for engineering projects are calculated with respect to the enactment of an engineering project standard of estimate in the natural environment restoration field. These include the scope of the technological work, standard area, manpower requirements by technical grade that are necessary for carrying out the technological tasks. Relevant laws and regulations, systems and precedent case studies were investigated and analyzed to establish a price calculation standard. The overall results of the analysis were used and applied to questionnaires, public hearings, and expert delphi techniques. The study showed the following results： The scope of the technological work was categorized into 'Biotopes', 'Eco-corridors' and 'Ecological restoration'. The standard area was set up as $1,000m^2$ for 'Biotopes' and $5,000m^2$ for 'Eco-corridors' and 'Ecological restoration'. The manpower requirements by technical grade that are necessary for carrying out the technological tasks were determined. The suitability of the costs, standard area, manpower requirements by technical grade of ordered engineering projects that are determined by applying the standard of estimate for natural environment restoration that may be enacted pursuant to this study may be effectively investigated and analyzed. Moreover, further studies on the calculation of standard prices that can ensure the stability of natural environment restoration projects will be necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.460-463
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• 2008

This study tries to apply standard cost accounting model to evaluate the cost of workflow instances. Previous studies mainly focus on matching workflow activities into the elements of Activity based costing in order to assign cost drivers, but rarely examine how to evaluate their instance cost. In this study, we estimate unrealized standard cost from workflow model, and realized cost from accomplished instances. On running, workflow engine cumulates cost of finished activities and it enables to monitor the difference between the target cost and the actual cost dynamically at each step of workflow processes. We implemented a prototype which shows that the proposed work can evaluate effectively the cost of various workflow patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2012

This study aims to find a proper construction cost calculation method by comparing unit prices of cost estimate in landscape construction among other public ordering construction projects. There were 7 out of 12 items from the actual work cost in the first half of 2011 were compared. The 12 items were classified as landscape Architectural construction and the 7 items were the approximate standard. As applied construction types, the comparable 35 items out of the 80 actual work cost items applied to 5 sites were compared to the unit price of the standard quantity per unit in March 2011, which was the approximate standard. Actual construction rate of the 7 items in the category of landscape sector was 104.86% for each item and 92.09% as a total construction cost. The high actual construction rate was caused by the high rate of seed spray depending on the status of applying rocks. However, there were more fundamental reasons for the cost generated from aslope treatment for grass and seed spray. So, it requires more detailed regulations on the modification factors for each soil type, the standard and needs to improve theillogical standard quantity per unit system. Actual construction rate of the 35 items in the applied sectors of civil engineering and architecture was 78.65% for each item and 71.31% (70.17%) as a total construction cost. This shows that actual unit cost cannot reflect actual cost structurally and standard quantity per unit system lacks practicality in terms of construction due to thelabor force. 85.1~91.2 % actual construction rate announced by the Ministry of Land and Maritime Affairs referred to the newly switched items. So the result was estimated as actual construction rate. This requires supplementation after verification in order to make the actual work cost produce at a proper rate. Also, standard quantity per unit system needs complementation with these actual data and so on.