• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.823-830
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• 2022

The risk of project execution increases due to the enlargement and complexity of Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) plant projects. In the fourth industrial revolution era, there is an increasing need to utilize a large amount of data generated during project execution. The design is a key element for the success of the EPC plant project. Although the design cost is about 5% of the total EPC project cost, it is a critical process that affects the entire subsequent process, such as construction, installation, and operation & maintenance (O&M). This study aims to develop a system using machine-learning (ML) techniques to predict risks and support decision-making based on big data generated in an EPC project's design and construction stages. As a result, three main modules were developed: (M1) the design cost estimation module, (M2) the design error check module, and (M3) the change order forecasting module. M1 estimated design cost based on project data such as contract amount, construction period, total design cost, and man-hour (M/H). M2 and M3 are applications for predicting the severity of schedule delay and cost over-run due to design errors and change orders through unstructured text data extracted from engineering documents. A validation test was performed through a case study to verify the model applied to each module. It is expected to improve the risk response capability of EPC contractors in the design and construction stage through this study.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

Purpose: This research investigates the cost behavior of the distribution industry. Specifically, we investigate if the ratio of the increase in costs with an increase in sales is consistent with the ratio of the decrease in costs when sales decrease. Traditionally, cost is assumed to be symmetrical. In the case of the distribution industry, it was expected that the downward rigidity of the cost would be shown because it would be very difficult to decide to adjust resources when sales temporarily decrease. Therefore, studies have looked at Korean capital markets based on manufacturing and steel industries. However, no research has been done on the distribution industry. Research design, data, and methodology: To verify the hypothesis of this study, the asymmetry of cost was measured by Anderson et al. (2003). The sample used 28,695 firm-year data from 2002 to 2019 for the KOSPI and KOSDAQ stock markets. Results: The empirical analysis results are as follows. First, asymmetry of cost was observed in the case of the distribution industry. We confirm cost rigidity when sales decreased. Conclusions. This is the first study to look at cost behavior in the distribution industry, and the downward rigidity of cost in the distribution industry is observed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 데이터 스트림 환경에서 윈도우 기반 연산자를 대상으로 메모리와 연산 비용의 상대적인 이해득실 관계를 분석한다. 이를 위하여 기본적인 연산자 네트워크 구성 요소를 식별하고, 윈도우 메모리의 재배치를 통한 메모리 소요량의 감소 효과와, 이로 인한 추가적인 연산 비용의 규모를 산정하는 비용 모델을 수립한다. 이러한 비용 모델을 통해 윈도우 메모리의 재배치의 효용성을 확인하고, 이러한 접근 방법을 데이터 스트림 질의의 실행 계획 개선을 위해 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법을 모색한다. 이를 통해 데이터 스트림 환경에서 질의 처리 및 최적화의 적용 영역을 확장시키고, 윈도우 메모리 재배치를 통한 질의최적화를 위한 비용 산정 모델의 토대를 제공한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.696-706
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• 2013

본 연구는 DEA모형에 바탕을 둔 표준원가에 기초한 원가차이 분석의 개념을 구현할 수 있는 모형을 설계하고 69개 종합병원의 투입 산출물을 이용해 효율성 분석과 원가관리 방안을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 DEA모형을 통해 달성가능한 목표원가를 구하고 이를 실제원가와 비교하여 차이분석모형의 틀을 구축하였다. 또한 이 모형을 바탕으로 의사 간호사 인건비 정보를 구해 2008년도 결산기준 69개 종합병원의 표준원가차이를 구하고 이를 기술적 비효율성으로 인한 원가차이, 가격 비효율성에 기인한 원가차이, 표준예산원가 원가차이로 분리하여 원가관리의 새로운 방식을 제시할 수 있었다. 또한 실증분석을 통해 69개 종합병원은 병상수와 같은 규모를 늘리는 것이 효율성 개선에 기여하지 않으며 오히려 예산목표원가 관리 측면에서는 비효율적인 것으로 나타나 규모 확장 일변도의 전략을 수정할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

Background: Related to escalating health care costs and the questionable effectiveness of multiple interventions including lumbar facet joint interventions, cost effectiveness or cost utility analysis has become the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine influencing coverage decisions. Methods: Cost utility of therapeutic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks in managing chronic low back pain was performed utilizing data from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up, with direct payment data from 2016. Based on the data from surgical interventions, utilizing the lowest proportion of direct procedural costs of 60%, total cost utility per quality adjusted life year (QALY) was determined by multiplying the derived direct cost at 1.67. Results: Patients in this trial on average received $5.6{\pm}2.6$ procedures over a period of 2 years, with average relief over a period of 2 years of $82.8{\pm}29.6$ weeks with $19{\pm}18.77$ weeks of improvement per procedure. Procedural cost for one-year improvement in quality of life showed USD $2,654.08. Estimated total costs, including indirect costs and drugs with multiplication of direct costs at 1.67, showed a cost of USD $4,432 per QALY. Conclusions: The analysis of therapeutic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks in the treatment of chronic low back pain shows clinical effectiveness and cost utility at USD $2,654.08 for the direct costs of the procedures, and USD $4,432 for the estimated overall cost per one year of QALY, in chronic persistent low back pain non-responsive to conservative management.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study compares the most widely used parametric and non-parametric techniques to measure cost and profit efficiency of banks, namely the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We formulate the specification form of both stochastic cost and profit frontier models and constant return to scale Cost DEA and Profit DEA models and provide an empirical assessment of the cost and profit frontiers based on a panel dataset of National Commercial Banks (NCBs) and Private Banks (PBs) in Bangladesh over the 2001-2010 period. The cost inefficiency and profit efficiency are slightly higher for PBs than NCBs in case of both SFA and DEA. The coefficients of advance and off-balance sheet items are significant that positively influence the banks in stochastic cost frontier model while the advance, other earning assets, price of borrowed fund are significant and negative effects on the banks in stochastic profit frontier model. The average cost inefficiency and average profit efficiency are recorded with 16.3% and 91% respectively. The highest and lowest cost inefficiency are observed for Janata Bank and United Commercial Bank Limited whilst the highest and lowest profit efficiency are recorded for Eastern Bank Limited and Janata Bank respectively. The average technical and allocative efficiency are 68.8% and 35.9%, respectively in case of CRS cost-DEA model whereas they are 70.3% and 31.8% in case of CRS profit-DEA model. The average cost inefficiency is recorded 6.3% by SFA whereas it is 24.5% by DEA. The average profit efficiency is found 91% by SFA while it is 22.1% by DEA, and SFA method shows better bank efficiency than DEA.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2013

전세계적으로 녹색 건설에 대한 관심과 필요성이 높아지고 있는 시점에 있다. 정부도 녹색 성장 기조 하에 건축물의 에너지 사용량 저감을 위한 공격적인 목표를 설정하고 다양한 정책적 지원책을 통해 추진하고 있다. 하지만 녹색건설 시장의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 수요 주체의 녹색 투자 의사 결정을 지원할 수 있는 녹색 건설 투자 비용과 경제적 편익 정보가 제공되어야 하지만, 녹색 건설 선진국에 비해 국내 건설산업계에서는 녹색건설의 비용이나 편익과 관련한 구체적이고 객관적인 자료가 부족하고 분석이 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 건설 산업 차원에서 녹색 건설 비용의 개념을 정의하고, 녹색 비용 및 편익 정보 체계와 관련한 녹색건설선진국의 다양한 사례를 살펴봄으로써 국내 녹색건축 비용 및 편익 정보 체계의 문제점을 도출하고 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 녹색 건설 비용 및 편익 정보의 분류, 축적, 활용 메커니즘이 해당 건설 상품의 경제적 타당성 검증 작업을 견인할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2007

일반적으로 도로정책평가 시, 이상적인 도로 교통조건에서 수집한 교통류 자료에 근거하여 BPR식 형태로 개발한 통행비용함수식을 일반화하여 적용한다. 하지만, BPR 형태로 개발된 모형은 장래교통량예측이나 통행행태분석에 있어서 적용이 도로 교통환경을 묘사하는데 적합하지 않은 것으로 보고되고 있다.(Spiess, 1989 ; Singh, 1999) 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 분석대상지의 도로 교통조건에 적합하도록 미시적 교통류시뮬레이터기반(Micro traffic Simulator Based : MSB)으로 생성된 자료로 통행비용함수를 개발, 검증하는 분석방법론을 제시하였으며, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이상적인 도로교통조건 이외의 상황에 대한 도로교통정책 평가에 적용이 용이하도록, 단시간에 다량의 교통류 자료생성이 가능한 미시적 교통류시뮬레이터(VISSIM)를 이용하여 분석대상지에 적합한 통행비용함수를 개발하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 둘째, VISSIM을 이용하여 생성한 분석자료를 기반으로 하여 BPR 함수식과 MSB 함수식을 각각 개발하고, 통계값 및 산포도를 이용한 모형들의 비교분석을 통하여 MSB 함수식의 활용가능성을 검증하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to set the various cost-of-living standards utilizing a published national data. 1995 annual data, The Family Income and Expenditure Survey, were used to set the standards of living. Four index reflecting health and decency level, normal level, minimum of health and decency level, and pauper level were suggested and the cost-of-living of each level were estimated. Results showed that cost-of-living estimated in this study were not quite different from those of former studies, but the name of the standard-of-living need to be changed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

A lot of burial sites for the disposal of the contagious livestock slaughtered by foot and mouth disease were constructed in a short time for preventing the rapid spread of the virus. More than 4,700 carcass burial sites were constructed in 2011. Approximately 7 million poultry and 3.5 million livestock including head of cattle and swine were buried in farm land. However, the available cost data for a burial site was not provided. This study was to performed in order to understand the economic issues related to carcass burial disposal. The data from a local government was analyzed and the assumption data web based was constructed to evaluate the cost for constructing a carcass burial. The results showed that the local government paid KRW 5,386 for the burial disposal of a mortality (swine). It was estimated that the cost could be reduced through an appropriate measures.