• Title/Summary/Keyword: cost Index

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Ganoderma lucidum균 전처리를 이용한 볏짚의 상압.소다펄프화

  • 주용찬;강진하
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to develop the biochemical pulping method to enhance energy saving and decrease the capital cost through the soda pulping under atmospheric pressure (100%). Nonwood substrates, rice straw, were pretreated by white-rot fungi, Ganoderma Iucidum. It has acquired several basic data that can be applied in bio-soda pulping. The results of this study were as follow. Without any nutrients or with glucose, N and glucose+N the weight losses of rice straws inoculated by Canoderma Iucidum were 8.5~29.8%, 9.3~32% 11.8~30.1% and 11.8~24.4% respectively for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days incubation. The more extending incubation periods, the more increasing weight losses. The yield of untreated rice saw was 54.8% after pulping. When any nutrients was not added or glucose, N and glucose+N were added for the pretreatment, the total yields were ranged 50.6~38.5%, 48.6~34.4%, 47.2~38.4% and 49.5~42.6% respectively for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days incubation. The yields were gradually decreased based on extending of incubation. The physical properties of rice straw soda pulps without fungal treatment, the density, breaking length, burst index, tear index and folding endurance were 0.24 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, 2.32 km, 0.91 kPa $m^2$/g, 56.7 mN.$m^2$/g and 35 times, respectively. After pretreatment without any nutrients or with glucose, N and glucose+N as nutrients the density was 0.27~0.30 g/$\textrm{cm}^3$, the breaking length 3.14~5.25 km, burst index 1.42~2.78 kPa.$\textrm{m}^2$/g, tear index45.8~64.5 mN.$\textrm{m}^2$/g and folding endurance 47~288 times at all incubating periods when pulping was done. The physical properties were increased with the increasing incubation periods. However, when glucose+N was added, the physical properties were shown superior results each incubating duration.

Mixed Uses of Materialized View and Signature View-Index Mechanism for Efficient Query Processing on CORBA (CORBA 기반에서 효율적인 질의 처리를 위한 실체뷰와 시그니쳐 뷰인덱스의 혼용)

  • Lee, Seung-Yong;Kim, Myung-Hee;Joo, Su-Chong
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.11D no.1
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2004
  • Now, the representative researching trends of view managements for improving the query processing in multi-database system are focused on the materialized view mechanism and the signature view index mechanism. But when we compare with both mechanisms, the former mechanism's access time is faster than one of the latter's, and needs large space. The latter mechanism needs small space and the access time is slower than one of the former. These mechanisms are trade-off each other. Therefore, in case of query process using the view management, we are to improve the system performance and to reduce the access cost of disk input and output by suggesting a new mechanism mixing both the materialized view mechanism and the signature view index mechanism. We suggested that the structure of metadata and the algorithm about the new mired mechanism.

A Comparative Analysis on Export Competitiveness for Auto Parts Industry between Korea and China (한.중 자동차 부품산업의 수출경쟁력 비교 분석 - 미국 자동차 부품 수입시장을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Ji-Yong
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.299-321
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze export competitiveness of Korean auto parts and Chinese auto parts in U.S. market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the auto parts which exported to U.S. market and the imported products by using the six units classification of the Harmonized System(HS). Analyzing period was 1998-2005. The analysis of Korean results of MCA indicated that the Korean auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.94, 8708.99, 8708.92. The products which will have export competitiveness in the U.S. market would be HS Code No. 8708.93, 8708.39, 8708.60 respectively. On the other hand, the results indicated that the Chinese auto parts which gained export competitiveness in the U.S. market were HS Code No. 8708.70, 8708.31, 8708.91, 8708.60, 8708.39. From this study, we find the following strategies for successful advancing into the U.S. and world market. i) Linking strategy through working cooperation with local auto firms, government and academic world. ii) Advance strategy of auto firm accompany by module working and system auto parts firm. iii) Retention strategy of large technical institution established by auto parts firms and taking cooperation of auto firms iv) Settlement strategy for having weaken competitive article and production field. v) Cost-cutting strategy through strengthening logistics cooperation system between auto parts firms and auto firms. vi) Active invitation strategy of foreign investment under quickly cooperating of government.

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Design and Implementation of Trajectory Riving Tree for Combined Queries in Moving Object Databases (이동체 데이타베이스에서 복합 질의를 위한 궤적 분할 트리의 설계 및 구현)

  • 임덕성;전봉기;홍봉희;조대수
    • Journal of KIISE:Databases
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.150-162
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    • 2004
  • Moving objects have characteristics that they change continuously their positions over time. The movement of moving objects should be stored on trajectories for processing past queries. Moving objects databases need to provide spatio-temporal index for handling moving objects queries like combined queries. Combined queries consist of a range query selecting trajectories within a specific range and a trajectory query extracting to parts of the whole trajectory. Access methods showing good performance in range queries have a shortcoming that the cost of processing trajectory Queries is high. On the other hand, trajectory-based index schemes like the TB-tree are not suitable for range queries because of high overlaps between index nodes. This paper proposes new TR(Trajectory Riving)-tree which is revised for efficiently processing the combined queries. This index scheme has several features like the trajectory preservation, the increase of the capacity of leaf nodes, and the logical trajectory riving in order to reduce dead space and high overlap between bounding boxes of nodes. In our Performance study, the number of node access for combined queries in TR-tree is about 25% less than the STR-tree and the TB-tree.

Software Replacement Time Prediction Technique Using the Service Level Measurement and Replacement Point Assessment (서비스 수준 측정 및 교체점 평가에 의한 소프트웨어 교체시기 예측 기법)

  • Moon, Young-Joon;Rhew, Sung-Yul
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.2 no.8
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    • pp.527-534
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    • 2013
  • The software is changed according to the changing businesses and the user requirement, it involves increasing complexity and cost. Considering the repetitive changes required for the software, replacement is more efficient than maintenance at some point. In this study, the replacement time was predicted using the service dissatisfaction index and replacement point assessment index by the software group for each task. First, fuzzy inference was used to develop the method and indicator for the user's service level dissatisfaction. Second, the replacement point assessment method was established considering the quality, costs, and new technology of the software. Third, a replacement time prediction technique that used the gap between the user service measurement and replacement point assessment values was proposed. The results of the case study with the business solutions of three organizations, which was conducted to verify the validity of the proposed prediction technique in this study, showed that the service dissatisfaction index decreased by approximately 16% and the replacement point assessment index increased by approximately 9%.

Development of Nutrition Screening Index for Hospitalized Patients (입원 환자 영양검색 지표 개발)

  • Kim, Su-An;Kim, So-Yeon;Sohn, Cheong-Min
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.779-784
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    • 2006
  • Several studies about hospital malnutrition have been reported that about more than 40% of hospitalized patients are having nutritional risk factors and hospital malnutrition presents a high prevalence. People in a more severe nutritional status ended up with a longer length of hospital stay and higher hospital cost. Nutrition screening tools identify individuals who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished and who may benefit from nutritional support. For the early detection and treatment of malnourished hospital patients , few valid screening instruments fur Koreans exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable and valid malnutrition screening tool that could be used at hospital admission to identify adult patients at risk of malnutrition using medical electrical record data. Two hundred and one patients of the university affiliated medical center were assessed on nutritional status and classified as well nourished, moderately or severely malnourished by a Patient-Generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) being chosen as the 'gold standard' for defining malnutrition. The combination of nutrition screening questions with the highest sensitivity and specificity at prediction PG-SGA was termed the nutrition screening index (NSI). Odd ratio, and binary logistic regression were used to predict the best nutritional status predictors. Based on regression coefficient score, albumin less than 3.5 g/dl, body mass index (BMI) less than $18.5kg/m^2$, total lymphocyte count less than 900 and age over 65 were determined as the best set of NSI. By using best nutritional predictors receiver operating characteristic curve with the area under the curve, sensitivity and 1-specificity were analyzed to determine the best optimal cut-off point to decide normal or abnormal in nutritional status. Therefore simple and beneficial NSI was developed for identifying patients with severe malnutrition. Using NSI, nutritional information of the severe malnutrition patient should be shared with physicians and they should be cared for by clinical dietitians to improve their nutritional status.

Factors Affecting Profitability of General Hospitals Focused on Operating Margin (병원의 수익성 관련 요인 분석 - 의료수익의료이익율을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Byung-Sang;Lee, Yong-Kyoon;Kim, Yoon-Shin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.196-206
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    • 2009
  • The profitability of a hospital refers to business administration results achieved through its medical care and other management activities during applicable fiscal year. This study focused on operating margin as a measurement index of hospital profitability, which is a genuine medical return obtained by subtracting medical expenses from medical profits achieved during business administration of hospital. Based on the index, this study could deduce certain factors on hospital profitability in terms of various indices affecting profitability. And based on those factors, this study sought to provide more useful reference materials which allow us to devise possible ways to improve hospital profitability. As a result, it was found that public hospitals attained lower profitability than private ones. To analyze profitability depending on each index, this study divided hospitals broadly into deficit group and surplus group. As a result, it was found that there were significant differences in hospital profitability between two groups depending upon relevant indices such as labor cost ratio, maintenance expense ratio, number of operations per medical specialist and medical instrument turnover. According to analysis on potential effects of relevant indices upon profitability, it was found that each index had its explanatory power ranging from 25% to 74.5% depending on given model.

The effects of Logistics Performance Index on International Trade of Korea (교역 상대국의 물류성과지표가 한국 무역에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Eun Jung;Jun, Sung Hee
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.77-96
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    • 2019
  • Logistics and transportation are increasingly playing a crucial role in international trade relations. Logistics services provide sectoral connections within the local economy. The efficient logistics services facilitate the flow of products; besides ensuring safety and speed of movement, they can reduce the cost of cross-border trade. The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) evaluates the efficiency of customs, quality of transportation service, and infrastructure for overland and maritime transport in each country it covers. The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of the various LPI indicators of Korea's trading partners. The impact of LPI on trade varies according to the income level of the trading partners. The results show that an improvement in any of the components of the LPI can lead to significant growth in a country's trade flow. Exports to Korea will increase as the LPI of the trading partner country is higher. This index has a greater impact on the exports of low-income countries.

A Study on the Industrial Economic-Importance Index of Minerals in Korea (한국의 광물자원 산업적 경제중요도 지수 산정 연구)

  • Yujeong Kim
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2023
  • As supply chain management becomes a key factor in the sustainable growth of the industry, securing minerals at the national or corporate level is becoming important. Depending on the industrial structure, the economic status of each minerals is different and the supply risk is different In this study, to examine the economic status of minerals, an index that can quantify the Industrial Economic Importance by minerals was developed and calculated by reflecting the demand structure and cost weight of each industry. As a result, Li, Al, Cu, Si, Co, Ni, etc. were evaluated as having high industrial importance in Korea. In addition, by industry, Al, Cu, Zn, and Pb for primary metal manufacturing, general machinery, assembly metals,Sn, Ba, Ti, Si and Ga for precision equipment, Si and Ga for semiconductors, and Li, Ni, Co, Si, etc. for electronic components had high industrial importance. Such as Europe and the United States, in order to select Critical-minerals, Korea will need to analyze the economic impact on the domestic industry as well as the risks of supply chain by minerals.

A comparative study on the business value assessment of local government open data assets in China based on AHP technique (AHP기법을 활용한 중국 지방정부 공공데이터 자산의 상업적 가치평가 대한 비교연구)

  • Jiaming Yin;Jae-Yeon Sim
    • Industry Promotion Research
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.201-210
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    • 2023
  • This study is based on data ecology theory and takes Chinese local governments' open public data as the research object. Data asset value assessment methods are compared from a new perspective of data business operations. The results show that the assessment model constructed using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) can more objectively reflect the commercial value of government open data assets than the traditional cost, revenue and market methods, has the advantage of a comprehensive assessment of data value index, and better reflects the findings of a comprehensive index of regional data value. The data show that the local government data value assessment index is positively proportional to the region's digital economy development index, highlighting the driving effect on the digital economy. The results of the study provide a good help for the identification of local government data value rights. The research and practice of promoting the construction of data innovation and data business operation models, improving social well-being and promoting the rapid development of the digital economy to achieve data realisation provides a good reference.