• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-70
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• 2009

As software development and maintenance cost increase quickly, information systems managers are more concerned about how to effectively manage software cost. To estimate the software development cost, most public institutes of Korea use the software cost estimation standard established by the government. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the estimation derived from the standard has not been satisfactory in spite of repetitive modifications made to improve it. One of the major reasons for the inaccuracy is that the standard has too small a number of cost adjustment factors to reflect the various characteristics of a software development project. To remedy this problem, we propose new cost adjustment factors which can be incorporated into the standard and are important to enhance the estimation accuracy, based on the analysis of several well-known software estimation models. Furthermore, by applying the proposed model to real world software projects, we show that the proposed model can produce more accurate estimates than the current standard.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 2005

Recently, Korean software industry has enjoyed fast growth, thus phenomenon drew attention to the need for more precise and standardized cost estimation system for software development. However, many obstacles exist in achieving a more precise and universally applicable cost measurement. These obstacles include : (1) the intangible nature of intellectual efforts, (2) lack of cost standards, (3) lack of quantitative yardstick to determine the potential complication, (4) lack of both cost monitoring during development and coordinating between acquisition process and cost estimation. The purpose of this study is to facilitate software development cost estimation considering acquisition process that will meet korean user's needs, and to create better models that will be cost for software development particularly for Korean environment.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

Purpose: This is a simple survey for discussion about cost analysis methodological issues in home care nursing service studies. Method: The subject of this study were articles published in Korea from 1961 to August, 2002, and searched by key word 'cost' and 'nursing' from various DB(National Assembly Library, The National Library of Korea, RICH etc). Finally, 13 articles were collected. Result: 1) The major type of cost analysis studies was a cost comparison or a simple cost study. 2) The important methodological weaknesses were as followers; (1) few studies were suggested cost analysis framework or analytic perspective, (2) it ,was not enough to describe for basis of selection of cost/effectiveness items, (3) few studies were done by sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: These above results will be used to develop a more proper cost analysis methodological framework in home care nursing services and also to contribute as a guideline for further studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6177-6180
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• 2014

Background: Our study objectives were to evaluate the medical economics of cervical cancer prevention and thereby contribute to cancer care policy decisions in Japan. Methods: Model creation: we created presence-absence models for prevention by designating human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for primary prevention of cervical cancer. Cost classification and cost estimates: we divided the costs of cancer care into seven categories (prevention, mass-screening, curative treatment, palliative care, indirect, non-medical, and psychosocial cost) and estimated costs for each model. Cost-benefit analyses: we performed cost-benefit analyses for Japan as a whole. Results: HPV vaccination was estimated to cost $291.5 million, cervical cancer screening $76.0 million and curative treatment $12.0 million. The loss due to death was $251.0 million and the net benefit was -$128.5 million (negative). Conclusion: Cervical cancer prevention was not found to be cost-effective in Japan. While few cost-benefit analyses have been reported in the field of cancer care, these would be essential for Japanese policy determination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2012

In modern Construction Industry, as accumulation of capital and improvement of technology skills, buildings are becoming higher and more enormous, also the portion of steel works has been increasing. In addition, it is necessary to predict the optimum level of construction cost in a reasonable way. The composition of construction is direct construction cost, indirect construction cost and so on. However, it is not enough to study about indirect construction cost rather than direct construction cost. In this study, the state of productivity and indirect construction cost are analyzed in the steel production. As a result, the productivity and ratio of indirect cost in steel plant by inserted per 1ton are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

Cost estimates are very important to their decision-making in the early stages of a construction project. So Clients have wanted not only to know the results of conceptual cost estimates but also to assess their quality Conceptual cost estimates process is very complex process, so the results of cost estimates are influenced by various factors. So the purpose of this study is to reveal the key factors which influence the reliability of conceptual cost estimates in building construction projects. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the relative important weights of elements influencing the conceptual cost estimates. And factor analysis is used to reveal the key factors from the elements that influence the conceptual cost estimates. The results showed that the key factors is an experience level, available data level, level of will for winning the bid, difficulty level of conceptual cost estimate, uncertainty level.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2016

The transformation time among queries in the database management system (DBMS) is responsible for the execution time of users' queries, because a conventional DBMS does not consider the transformation cost when queries are transformed for execution. To reduce the transformation time (cost reduction) during execution, we propose an optimal query transformation method by exploring queries from a cost-based point of view. This cost-based point of view means considering the cost whenever queries are transformed for execution. Toward that end, we explore and compare set off heuristic, linear, and exhaustive cost-based transformations. Further, we describe practical methods of cost-based transformation integration and some query transformation problems. Our results show that, some cost-based transformations significantly improve query execution time. For instance, linear and heuristic transformed queries work 43% and 74% better than exhaustive queries.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.2 s.28
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of expansion joint spacing (slab size) on the life cycle costs of owning Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) airfield pavements. Previous research has shown that slab size has a statistically significant impact on pavement performance. A probabilistic life cycle cost analysis was performed to determine if the effect of slab size on pavement performance would affect the total cost of ownership of PCC pavements. Data from 48 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) inspections of military and civilian airfields were used to develop probability-of-distress-by-condition curves, which were then used to develop probabilistic cost-of-repair-by-condition curves. A present worth life cycle cost analysis was then performed for various slab sizes, using construction costs, rehabilitation costs, and maintenance costs. Maintenance costs were determined by assuming a condition deterioration rate appropriate for each slab size and applying the cost-by-condition curves. The probabilistic cost-of-repair-by-condition curves indicated that smaller slabs are more expensive to repair on a unit cost basis. Life cycle cost analysis showed that larger slabs have a higher total cost of ownership than smaller slabs due to a faster rate of deterioration.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 1999

Cost estimation has posed a significant challenge to estimators, planners, and managers in both government and military. Considerable historical evidence shows that accurate cost estimation has been difficult to achieve across a wide range of projects, including weapon systems. This paper introduces new cost estimating concept, CAIV(Cost As an Independent Variable) and a cost estimating case study using PRICE model, computer aided parametric estimating models(CAPE) for K1 tank cost estimate. CAIV concept is to set realistic but aggressive cost objectives easily in each acquisition program and to achieve cost, schedule, and performance objectives considering various managing risks with a project manager and industry teams. The Price model is one of computer aided cost estimating models and widely used in U.S. defense system analysis as a tool for CAIV. We analyze theories, inputs, outputs of the PRICE model and present a case study for K1 tank to estimate costs in requirement and concept phase, program and budgeting phase, and life cycle phase. Finally we obtain results that the Price model can be used in various phases of PPBEES depending upon available data and time.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.311-326
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• 2004

The 5 working day's a week increase to fixed cost. Specially, the small & medium size company more increase to manufacturing cost. The introduction of 5 working day's rule influence to labor cost in manufacturing cost. Also, it make disappearance to fixed cost of 0.5 working day. Almost manufacturing company expect to have difficulty in product cost. The case of japan, many manufacturing company move to Asian countries after introduction of 5 working day's a week rule. The purpose of this study are the analysis of change product cost and suggest to solutions of productivity for a type of industries..