• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 2019

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.233-250
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• 2003

현재 화장품 연구업무 및 수출입업무 종사자들이 많이 사용하고 있는 ICID 및 장원기 등의 화장품 원료규격집과 각종 원료메이커들이 제공하는 원료의 기술자료, MSDS 등의 기술문서를 연관 데이터베이스로 처리하여 인터넷 서버&클라이언트의 구조를 통해 사용자들에게 제공되어질 수 있는 온라인형 데이터베이스 프로그램을 개발하였고, 이를 완성한 도구로서 서버로는 Linux Machine을 사용하였고, 데이터베이스서버로는 MySQL Server를, CGI Tool로는 PHP를 사용하였다. 또한 데이터베이스 구조상 차후 확장성을 대비하여 데이터베이스를 연관구조로 작성하였으며, 이는 데이터의 중복성을 피하여 화장품 원료정보의 검색 효율을 높일 수 있었고, 차후 다른 화장품관련데이터베이스와의 상호 연계의 인터페이스를 마련할 수 있었다. 데이터베이스의 특성상 한번 구축되면 원하는 형태로의 자료변환 및 재구성이 용이하여, 아직까지 화장품 원료 데이터베이스가 구축되어 있지 못한 국내현실을 볼 때 본 프로그램이 화장품업계의 소중한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

As the use of cosmetics has greatly increased in a daily life, safety issues with cosmetic ingredients have drawn an attention. Drometrizole [2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole] is categorized as a sunscreen ingredient and is used in cosmetics and non-cosmetics as a UV light absorber. No significant toxicity has been observed in acute oral, inhalation, or dermal toxicity studies. In a 13-week oral toxicity study in beagle dogs, No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was determined as 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in males and 34.6 mg/kg bw/day in females, based on increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Although drometrizole was negative for skin sensitization in two Magnusson-Kligman maximization tests in guinea pigs, there were two case reports of consumers presenting with allergic contact dermatitis. Drometrizole showed no teratogenicity in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in which rats and mice were treated for 6 to 15 days of the gestation period. Ames tests showed that drometrizole was not mutagenic. A long-term carcinogenicity study using mice and rats showed no significant carcinogenic effect. A nail product containing 0.03% drometrizole was nonirritating, non-sensitizing and non-photosensitizing in a test with 147 human subjects. For risk assessment, the NOAEL chosen was 31.75 mg/kg bw/day in a 13-week oral toxicity study. Systemic exposure dosages were 0.27228 mg/kg bw/day and 1.90598 mg/kg bw/day for 1% and 7% drometrizole in cosmetics, respectively. Risk characterization studies demonstrated that when cosmetic products contain 1.0% of drometrizole, the margin of safety was greater than 100. Based on the risk assessment data, the MFDS revised the regulatory concentration of drometrizole from 7% to 1% in 2015. Under current regulation, drometrizole is considered to be safe for use in cosmetics. If new toxicological data are obtained in the future, the risk assessment should be carried out to update the appropriate guidelines.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1593-1604
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• 2002

The purpose of the study were to find how the trend had an effect on a buying motivation, a selecting standard, a frequency of use, a purchase place of cosmetics, makeup and the distinctive quality of social strata of regarding a clothing shopping orientation. The subjects of investigation were the women in twenties who live in Seoul and Chonnam province. This study had been done from May to July 2001, and 660 questionnaires were used for analysis. The measuring tools used were the items of matters of preceding studies and developed ones by researchers on which questionnaires were prepared. Factor and cluster analysis and Duncan's multiple range test, ANOVA, x$^2$-test, frequency, and percentage as analysis methods were used through SPSS. The results of the study were as follows. The clothing shopping orientation divided five shopping orientations such as ostentatious style, enjoyable style, economical style, and prudent style, and an attachment style for special brands and shops. On the basis of this result, the groups 20's females were classified into low groups by the cluster analysis; economical shopping group, indifferent shopping group, conspicuous shopping group, and recreational shopping group. In the case of cosmetics purchasing motives, evaluation criteria of cosmetics, stores selection criteria were found according to shopping orientation subdivision, and there was the significant difference between the groups in frequency of use, a purchase place of cosmetics.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.197-218
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• 2019

중국 화장품 전체 교역중 약 67% 정도가 전자상거래로 이루어지고 있는데 특히 한국 화장품인 K-Beauty 제품의 인기가 높다. 기존 연구에 의하면 화장품 같은 소비재의 경우 소비자의 80%는 제품 구매 전 제품정보를 인터넷으로 검색하며 구전정보에 영향을 받는다. 대부분의 중국 소비자들은 화장품과 관련된 정보를 주요 SNS에 다른 소비자들이 올린 댓글을 통해 획득하며 최근에는 뷰티 관련 동영상 채널 정보를 이용하기도 한다. 기존의 온라인 구전 관련 연구는 대부분 Facebook, Twitter, 블로그 등의 매체 자체가 중심이었다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 구전정보의 전달 형태와 정보의 형태를 고려하여 정보유형을 동영상과 사진 및 텍스트로 나누어 연구하고자 한다. 중국의 SNS대표 플랫폼인 SINA Weibo와 동영상 플랫폼 Meipai의 비정형 데이터를 분석하고 온라인 구전정보를 양과 방향성으로 나누어 K-Beauty브랜드 매출액에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. Meipai에서는 총 약 33만개의 데이터를 수집하였고 SINA Weibo에서는 총 약 11만개의 데이터를 수집하여 화장품의 기본 속성도 고려하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 온라인 매출은 K-Beauty화장품에 대해서도 구전에 영향을 받는다는 것을 기본적으로 입증함과 동시에 특히 정보 유형에 대한 구분을 시도 했다는 것이다. 두가지 매체 모두 기존 연구와 같이 양이 매출에 영향을 미치고 있으나 매체풍부성으로 인해 텍스트보다 동영상이 정보를 더 주고 영향이 크다는 것을 입증하였다. 또한, 정보 방향성 측면에서는 색조화장품의 경우 부정 댓글의 영향이 크게 나타났다. 실무적으로는 화장품 판매 전략 및 광고 전략에 기초 및 색조 화장품을 구분하여 중국 K-Beauty화장품 매출증대를 위한 마케팅전략을 구사하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 복식
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to segment the hair care cosmetics market according to the benefits sought, to categorize the information sources on the hair care cosmetics, and to characterize the profiles of the segmentized groups of university students. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 457 university students in Chonbuk province from Jul. 10 to Jul. 21, 1999. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and $\chi$$^2$-test were used. The results were: 1. University student's benefit variables on hair care cosmetics were classified into special function, fashion, practicality, brand, fragrance, styling, nutritional reinforcement, and economy. And they were segmentized into the feeling pursuit, the multi-benefit pursuit, the practicality pursuit, the benefit unconscious, and the function pursuit. The information sources were classified into marketer-dominated sources, neutral sources and consumer -dominated sources. 2. The feeling pursuit strongly sought for fashion, brand and fragrance pursuit, but considered economy less, chiefly used the marketer-dominated and neutral information sources, and showed much interests in hair care cosmetics, and were consisted of women dominantly. The multi-benefits pursuit sought for various kinds of benefits from hair care cosmetics, depended heavily on various kinds of information sources, were well aware of their hair types and instructions on the hair care cosmetics label, and were consisted of women dominantly. The practicality pursuit highly sought for practicality, but low on the fashion, were not aware of their hair style, haler care, hair health status and hair type, and almost half of them are men. The benefit unconscious showed low concern about, all kinds of benefits and hair care cosmetics, and were consisted of more men than women. The function pursuit highly sought for special function and nutritional reinforcement, mainly depended on the consumer-dominated sources. and showed low concern about their hair style and hair care.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1015-1027
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• 2012

This study compares and analyzes cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the advertising and publicity implemented in women's monthly magazines as well as determines effective marketing strategies for the cosmetics industry. First, cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines can be classified into conventional advertising, advertorials, beauty news based on press releases, and beauty articles written by editors. In addition, consumer purchasing behavior has been examined in terms of use of information, purchasing intention, and purchasing experience. A study was conducted on women in their 20's to 40's in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do with 289 questionnaires used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed by common factor analysis, randomized block design, Bonferroni adjusted t-test, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 12.0/Windows. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, there was a difference in purchasing behavior according to types of cosmetics advertising and publicity in women's monthly magazines. Second, cosmetics shopping orientations were classified into six factors (the pursuit of impulsive purchasing and trends, well-known brands, convenience, low prices, efficacy and brand loyalty). There were significant effects of shopping orientation on cosmetics purchasing behavior according to the type of advertisement and publicity in women's monthly magazines.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2014

The most rapidly growing manufacturing could be cosmetics industries due to this phenomenon. In this study, the cosmetic distribution structure not to mention Korea, Asia's largest market, China and Japan are based on references. Purpose of study is to provide a basis for marketing strategy through the research process and results. Korea cosmetics market has been exerting a tremendous power of LG Household & Health and Amore Pacific as a major company. Cosmetics industry is rapidly booming around the mid-priced brand through internet shopping, TV shopping, and road shops. Cosmetics preferences were analyzed targeted at tourists by distributing questionnaire to 1500 in road shop and Myeong-dong from September 14 to October 13, 2013. The answers for the questions of the most awareness cosmetic brands in Korea are appeared in order of Laneige, Innisfree, The Face Shop. The satisfaction of the use of Korea cosmetic are 61.85% and the reasons are that in a variety of color cosmetics are 32.58%, the reaction of around that you look prettier are 29.34%. Therefore purchasing products are 49.14% of the color cosmetics and 24.93% of the functional products. Within the result of the survey, although the quality versus the price for the Korean cosmetic brands has been competitive advantage over yet from the advertising of Korea wave stars, the foreign purchasers have been willing to buy the color cosmetics and high-end performance products being the research and development of the continuously higher quality of the performance if the preceding even if being more expensive purchase price.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.574-587
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to classify shopper types by high-school girls' purchasing motivations of color cosmetics and to examine the effects of store evaluative criteria and information sources on store patronage behaviors. A questionnaire was developed based on the previous studies and was administrated to 534 high-school girls living in Busan High school girls were pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, chi-square test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncantest, and regression analysis using SPSS 12.0. The results showed that they were classified Covering/whitening pursuing groups, Beauty pursuing groups, and Curiosity/conformity pursuing groups by their purchasing motivations of color cosmetics. High school are girls pursuing to cover and white their faces by using color cosmetics, and are were likely to visit low price specialty stores. This is influenced by their experiences and information from their friends or families. Girls using color cosmetics from their curiosity or conformity were likely to shop in low price specialty stores with a good layout and kind salespersons, while they were likely to use general specialty stores when they wanted to exchange and test cosmetics. These findings may provide useful implications for researchers and marketers related to color cosmetics markets of high school girls.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2017

본 연구는 최근 증가하고 있는 메디컬스킨케어에 맞추어 등장한 코스메슈티컬화장품을 사용하는 병원종사자의 제품선택이 마케팅커뮤니케이션에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구로 실시하였다. 코스메슈티컬화장품이 주로 사용, 판매되어지고 있는 병원의 병원종사자를 대상으로 코스메슈티컬화장품을 구매하는 소비자와의 불만에 대응하고 부정적 이슈의 영향을 최소화하여 소비자와의 우호적 관계를 강화할 수 있는 대안 마련에 필요한 자료를 얻는데 목적이 있다. 연구는 서울 경기 인천 지역의 병원(피부과, 성형외과, 여성의원, 기타병원)에서 코스메슈티컬화장품을 사용하는 병원종사자를 520명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시되었다. 총 502부의 설문지가 최종분석에 사용되었으며, 데이터 분석은 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, one-way ANOVA, 탐색적요인 분석 및 Duncan 테스트로 구성되었다. 또한 변수간의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 상관분석을 수행하였고, 가설검정을 위해 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 코스메슈티컬화장품을 선택할 때 마케팅커뮤니케이션의 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있으며 특히 제품의 가치, 품질, 가격 요인이 마케팅커뮤니케이션에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이고 있다. 즉, 제품의 가치 및 품질을 가장 중시함과 동시에 합리적인 가격을 원하는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 고려하여 향후 코스메슈티컬화장품만의 차별화된 제품을 추구하고 트랜드의 변화양상에 맞추어 코스메슈티컬화장품의 잠재고객 확보 및 판매증대에 필요한 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.