• 제목/요약/키워드: cortical granules

검색결과 59건 처리시간 0.026초

越冬期 뽕나무 가지 皮層部 細胞內 微細構造의 變化 (Ultrastructural Changes in the Cortical Cell Mulberry Trees(Morus)during Wintering Period)

  • 최영철;유근섭;안영희
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 1998
  • In relation to cold acclimation, this experiment was carried out to understand the changes of the cortical cells in the living barks of the mulberry during wintering period. The living barks of three mulberry varieties(Kaeryangppong, Shinilppong and Yongcheonppong) were sampled from December, 1995 to March, 1996. The result of this experiment was summarized as follows. The cortical cells in the living barks of the mulberry in December were filled with small vacuoles. Plastids and mitochondrias were located near the nucleus. At this time, almost all starch granules disappeared from the plastids. In January and February, mitochondria, palstids and microbodys of the cortical cell were observed. As increasing temperature from March, dictysomes and polysomes were sparse. Again, starch granules disappeared were observed in the plastids. From the above result. starch granules in plastide of the cortical cell of the mulberry disappeared during cold acclimation stage. After late January, Proplastid was observed in the cortical cell and the ultrastructures of cortical cell were actively changed.

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Internal Structure and Pigment Granules in Colored Alpaca Fibers

  • Wang Huimin;Liu Xin;Wang Xungai
    • Fibers and Polymers
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 2005
  • Alpaca fibers have some distinct properties such as softness and warmth, which have not been fully understood in combination with the fiber internal structures. In the present investigation, the internal structures of alpaca fibers have been closely examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), especially in the longitudinal direction. The results showed that numerous pigment granules reside loosely inside pockets in brown and dark-brown alpaca fibers. These pigment granules were mainly distributed inside the cortical cells, the medullation regions as well as underneath the cuticles. Their size in the brown alpaca fibers was smaller and more uniformly round than in the dark-brown fibers. These granules in colored alpaca fibers loosen the bundle of cortical cells, providing many crannies in the fibers which may contribute to the superior flexibility, warmth and softness of the fibers. Moreover, there are no heavy metal elements found in the granules. The mordant hydrogen peroxide bleaching employed could eliminate the pigment granules and create many nano-volumes for further dyeing of fibers into more attractive colors.

돼지난자의 체외성숙 및 수정시 일어나는 표층과립막세포의 분포변화에 관한 연구 (Cortical Granule Distribution During In Vitro Maturation and Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes)

  • 송상진;권중균;도정태;김남형;이훈택;정길생
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.343-351
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구의 목적은 돼지난자의 체외성숙, 수정 및 단위발생시 일어나는 표층과립의 분포를 살펴보고, 그것들의 역할을 규명해 보고자 실시하였다. 난자의 표층과립은 형광염색을 실시한 후 laser scanning confocal microscope를 이용하여 관찰하거나 transmission electron microscope를 사용하여 관찰하였다. Germinal vesicle 단계의 돼지난자에서는 표층과립은 난자피질에 비교적 두꺼운 형태로 발견되었는데, germinal vesicle breakdown이 일어난 직후 피질 부근으로 표층과립의 움직임이 관찰되었다. Microfilaments의 중합화를 방해하는 cytochalasin B를 처리하였을 때 표층과립의 움직임은 관찰되지 않았다. 무 처리군의 수정 및 단위발생을 유도한 난자에서는 표층과립 내용물들이 위란강내에 균질하게 관찰되었으나, cytochalasin B를 처리한 난자에서는 비정상적인 cortical granule의 움직임을 관장하고 이러한 움직임이 수정시 다정자 침입을 막고 표층과립 반응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

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Attribution of Cortical Granules to Formation of Fertilization Envelopes and Polyspermy Block in Urechis unicinctus

  • Shin, Kil-Sang;Kwon, Hyuk-Jae;Kim, Wan-Jong
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2005
  • Cortical reaction and polyspermy block are well defined in most marine invertebrates. In Urechis species, the function of cortical granules (CGs) is not yet known, and there is controversy on whether the cortical reaction occurs, or the fertilization envelope (FE) is attributed to CG releases or functions to prevent polyspermy. This study was carried out to determine the cortical reactions and functions of the FE in Urechis unicinctus. Artificial insemination of the eggs revealed that CG release occurred to give rise to perivitelline space (PS) into the final FE. Both PS and final FE effectively blocked polyspermy. The final FE was accomplished within 10 min after sperm-egg initial binding. No massive release of CGs occurred within the early phase of 5 min after the initial binding, initially and the PS seemed to playa role to prevent polyspermy. The CG massively released its content into the PS in late phase of FE formation, and differentiated PS into five intermediate layers. The layers opened into each other by anastomosis, so that the final FE consisted of two layers, the inner layer ($15{\mu}m$ in thickness) and the outer layer ($1{\mu}m$ in thickness). The outer layer derived from vitelline layer and the inner layer consisted of PS and CG secretions. Immunofluorescence and confocal laser microscopy revealed that the spermatozoon took up residence in the egg cortex during FE formation and successive meioses of the fertilized egg. These results suggest that both PS and final FE of U. unicinctus were equivalent to the early and late block, respectively, of other marine animals.

한국미기록 Gastrostyla 섬모충 (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Stichotrichida) 3종의 형태적 변이와 재기재 (Redescription of Three Newly Recorded Gastrostyla Ciliates (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Stichotrichida) with Morphological Variations from Korea)

  • 조종오;김연욱;신만균
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2005
  • 하수처리장과 계곡의 웅덩이에서 채집된 3종의 Gastrostyla 섬모충류가 Gastrostyla minima Hemberger, 1985, G. steinii Engelmann. 1862 그리고 G. setifera (Engelmann, 1862)로 동정되었다. 기재는 생체표본, protargol 염색표본 관찰과 관찰된 표본의 형태통계에 기초하여 기술하였다 이 종들의 형태적 변이는 측정된 형질의 기술통계처리로 분석되었다. 이들 3종은 한국에서 처음으로 기록되는 종으로 아래의 식별형질로 구분된다 G. minima는 일반적으로 2개의 대핵에 구형의 소핵이 하나씩 있고, 하나의 후방구복극모 (poVC, postoral ventral cirri)와 연속적인 복극모섬모열 (VCR, ventral cirral row), 5개의 후방극모 (TC), 6개의 등쪽섬모열에서 네 번째 섬모열은 끊어져 있고 cortical granules들을 가진다. G. steinii는 4개의 대핵과 3-5개의 소핵을 가지고, 하나의 후방구복극모(poVC)와 연속되지 않는 복극모섬모열 , 4개의 후방극모, 6개의 등쪽섬모열을 가지며 cortical granules들이 없다. G. setifera는 2개의 대핵에 구형의 소핵이 하나씩 있고, 두 그룹으로 뚜렷하게 나누어진 5개의 후방극모가 있으며, 6개의 등쪽섬모열, 두개의 후방구복극모와 연속되지 않는 복극모섬모열을 가지며 cortical granules은 없다.

Morphological redescriptions of three Cyrtohymena ciliates (Ciliophora: Sporadotrichida: Oxytrichidae) new to Korea

  • Kim, Yeon Uk;Lee, Jung Mi;Kwon, Choon Bong;Shin, Mann Kyoon
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.78-86
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    • 2012
  • Three ciliate species of genus Cyrtohymena, C. australis Foissner, 1995, C. citrina (Berger & Foissner, 1987) and C. muscorum (Kahl, 1932) new to Korea, were collected from semi-terrestrial habitats. The description was based on the observation of live and silver stained specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows. C. autralis: size about $275{\times}100{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules yellowish. 18-31 right and 31-40 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties eight rows. C. citrina: size about $180{\times}50{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules yellowish. 26-32 right and 23-27 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties five to six rows. C. muscorum: size about $180{\times}60{\mu}m$ in live specimens. Cortical granules reddish. 31-34 right and 33-36 left marginal cirri in number. Dorsal kineties six rows. Three species of Cyrtohymena have been added to Korean ciliate fauna from this study. Including previous one species of C. quadrinucleata, four species of this genus in total have been recorded so far in this country.

Ultrastructural Study of Germ Cells and Reproductive Cycle in Female Neptunea arthritica cumingii

  • Han, Ji-Soo;Chung, Ee-Yung;Park, Gab-Man
    • 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국발생생물학회 2005년도 제20차 학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.52-52
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    • 2005
  • Oogenesis, the gonadosomatic index (GSI), reproductive cycle and first sexual maturation of the female Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii have been investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. In late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it is a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting menbrane, Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females were studied in 2002 and 2003 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2002 and 2003 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately 18${\sim}$23${\circ}$C. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early activestage (Septmber to October), late active stage ( November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to Aygust), and recovery stage (June to August).

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Oogenesis and Reproductive Cycle in Neptunea (Barbitonia) arthritica cumingii on the West Coast of Korea

  • Park, Gab-Man;Kim, Yeon-Ho;Kim, Eun-Jong;Choi, Ki-Ho
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2006
  • The gonadosomatic index (GSI), oogenesis and reproductive cycle in female Neptunea (Barbitonia) afhritica cumingii were investigated by light and electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen, lipid droplets and yolk granules. Late in the vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in cytoplasm. In particular, compared with the results of other gastropods, it showed a different result that appearances of cortical granules at the cortical layer and microvilli on the vitelline envelope, which is associated with heterosynthetic vitellogenesis, were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: main body (central core), superficial layer, and the limiting membrane. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index in females studied in 2004 and 2005 were closely associated with ovarian developmental phases. Spawning occurred between May and August in 2004 and 2005 and the main spawning occurred between June and July when the seawater temperature rose to approximately $18-23^{\circ}C$. The female reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (September to October), late active stage (November to February), ripe stage (February to June), partially spawned stage (May to August), and recovery stage (June to August).

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New Record of Two Soil Ciliates (Ciliophora: Stichotrichia) from Korea

  • Kim, Kang-San;Min, Gi-Sik
    • 환경생물
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2015
  • We identified two soil stichotrichs, Eschaneustyla lugeri Foissner, Agatha & Berger, 2002 and Oxytricha auripunctata Blatterer & Foissner, 1988, which were collected from Sarabong, Jeju and Ajoong-ri, Jeonju in Korea, respectively. Eschaneustyla lugeri had the following characteristics: size in vivo $170-230{\mu}m{\times}40-60{\mu}m$; body elongate elliptical and often very narrow in the posterior region, highly flexible; cortical granules present; 48-67 macronuclear nodules; 27-47 frontal cirri; 3-5 buccal cirri; frontoterminal row and rightmost midventral row; transverse cirri absent; 4 dorsal kineties; 4-9 caudal cirri. Oxytricha auripunctata had the following characteristics: size in vivo $75-95{\mu}m{\times}25-35{\mu}m$; body elliptical, both ends moderately narrowly rounded; orange-yellow cortical granules and yellowish crystals; 3-4 transverse cirri; 5 dorsal kineties; 3 caudal cirri. These two ciliates are first reported in Korea. We describe these ciliates based on live observations and protargol-impregnated specimens.

First Records of Two Aquatic Oxytrichid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Sporadotrichida: Oxytrichidae) from Korea

  • Kwon, Choon-Bong;Shin, Mann-Kyoon
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2011
  • For investigation of the Korean ciliate fauna, two oxytrichid ciliates, Histriculus histrio (Muller, 1773) and Sterkiella thompsoni Foissner, 1996, were collected from freshwater and brackish waters in South Korea, respectively. These two ciliates are reported for the first time in Korea. Descriptions were based on observations of live and silver stained specimens. Diagnoses of these species are as follows. Histriculus histrio: body is approximately $190{\times}85\;{\mu}m$ in size, almost ellipsoidal in shape, posterior part rather thin and very translucent. Cortical granules are absent. Both marginal rows are almost confluent at the posterior end. Six dorsal kineties are present. Sterkiella thompsoni: body is approximately $140{\times}50\;{\mu}m$ in size. Body margins are usually in parallel. Cortical granules are absent. Invariably, four dorsal kineties are present. Two caudal cirri are located on the dorsal surface. Three ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules are present.