• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.139-154
• /
• 2016

The usage of sandwich structure is extensively increasing in lightweight protective structures due to its low density and other useful properties. Sandwich panels made of metal sheets with unfilled cellular cores are found to exhibit lower deflections by comparing to an equivalent monolithic plate of same metal and similar mass per unit density. However, the process of localized impact on solid structures involving plastic deformation, high strain rates, temperature effect, material erosion, etc. does not hold effectively as that of monolithic plate. In present work, the applications of the sandwich plate with corrugated core have been extended to develop optimized lightweight armour using foam as medium of its core by explicit finite element analysis (FEA). The mechanisms of hardened steel projectile penetration of aluminum corrugated sandwich panels filled with foams have been numerically investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). A comparative study is done for the triangular corrugated sandwich plate filled with polymeric foam and metallic foam with different densities in order to achieve the optimum penetration resistance to ballistic impact. Corrugated sandwich plates filled with metallic foams are found to be superior when compared to the polymeric one. The optimized results are then compared with that of equivalent solid and unfilled cores structure to observe the effectiveness of foam-filled corrugated sandwich plate which provides an effective resistance to ballistic response. The novel structure can be the alternative to solid aluminum plate in the applications of light weight protection system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2001

Top-to-bottom compression strength of corrugated fiberboard boxes is partly dependent on the load-carrying ability of the central panel areas. The ability of these central areas to resist bending under load will increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference of box compression strengths, among boxes which are made with identical dimensions and fabricated with same components but different flute sizes, is primarily due to difference of the flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top-to-bottom compression strength of a box is accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and the edge crush test of the combined boards. This study was carried out to analyze the flexural stiffness, maximum bending force and maximum deflection for various corrugated fiberboards by experimental investigation. There were significant differences between the machine direction (MD) and the cross-machine direction (CD) of corrugated fiberboards tested. It was about 50% in SW and DW, and $62%{\sim}74%$ in dual-medium corrugated fiberboards(e.g. DM, DMA and DMB), respectively. There were no significant differences of maximum deflection in machine direction among the tested fiberboards but, in cross direction, DM showed the highest value and followed by SW, DMA, DMB and DW in order. For the corrugated fiberboards tested, flexural stiffness in machine direction is about $29%{\sim}48%$ larger than cross direction, and difference of flexural stiffness between the two direction is the lowest in DMA and DMB.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2012

Even though corrugated boards are the most common packaging materials for agricultural products, conventional corrugated boards are not able to maintain the freshness of agricultural products. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional corrugated boards, a new hybrid corrugated board-composed of linerboard, a corrugating medium, and non-woven fabric-was designed to possess antibacterial, high porous and shock-absorbing properties. In this study, we compared the physical properties of non-woven fabric to those of the base papers of conventional corrugated boards and developed a new adhesive system as a first step toward manufacturing the hybrid corrugated board. We found that the non-woven fabric, which had relatively high elongation, was applicable in the corrugated board process, and that the manufacturing conditions must be controlled in order to prevent the break of the non-woven fabric. The mixture of starch and styrene-butadiene (SB) latex showed high adhesive strength, but the addition level of SB latex should not exceed 30% in starch solution.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.150-153
• /
• 1998

As strait As a result of the quality research of liner boards used for the national-made corrugated boxes for apples, basis weight of each sample passed its tolerance within 4%. We found that KA, WLK, and SC liner boards showed better in relative bursting strength. SC, WLK, KA, and SK performed better in relative compression strength. WLK201 and KA210 were good for the outside liner, and K2200 was adequate for medium and inside liner. we classified WLK and KA liner boards as A grade and others as C grade.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.115
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2006

Starch is widely used as an adhesive material in the paper and corrugated board industry. The adhesion problem of corrugated board is categorized by two main parts called zipper board and white glue line. The object of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the adhesion problem by the gelatinization of various starch solutions and dynamic penetration properties measurements of various commercial base paper and handsheets. Flow property of starch solution is affected by sodium hydroxide addition and reaction level. Absorption property of commercial base papers and handsheets is affected by sizing and stock composition. Optimum bonding between top/bottom liners and corrugated medium is accomplished by acceptable flow viscosity of mixed starch solution and proper adsorption characteristic of base paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2014

Wood fibers for medium density fiberboard (MDF) was used in the filler layer of the white duplex board for increasing thickness and bulk of the board. The MDF fibers and the old corrugated container (OCC) furnish were refined, and mixed together to form paperboard. At optimum mixing ratios and refining degrees, stiffness and tensile strength of the MDF fiber-containing board were higher than those of the board with 100% OCC. It was found that there was possibility to reduced basis weight of the filler layer down to 90% of the all OCC furnish by judicious selection of the mixing ratio and the refining method of the MDF fibers. Drainage rate increase and potential drying energy savings were additional benefits.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2015

Wood fibers for medium density fiberboard (MDF) was used in the filler layer of the white duplex board for increasing thickness and bulk of the board. The MDF fibers were treated with ozone (3% based on dry weight of the fibers), and mixed together with OCC (old corrugated container) to form paper. Ozone-treated MDF fibers gave high bulk, high tensile strength, high internal bond and fast drainage to the furnish mixed with OCC. It was shown that there were possibilities to reduced basis weight of the filler layer without loss of thickness, stiffness, and tensile strength. Furthermore, it showed the possibility to develop a new kind of board product that has high stiffness as well as high strength properties with light basis weight by application of the ozone-treated MDF fibers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1999

Not only is it important that the physical properties of the paperboards be appropriate for the intended end use, but the proper arrangement of the component in the built-up board is essential for attaining the optimum moment of inertia and the maximum load-carrying ability in a box. It is known to be impossible to estimate the stress distribution and deflection pattern by experiments or theoretical analysis when the corrugated fiberboard get the bending force. This study was tried theoretical and finite element analysis to analyze structural strength characteristics of corrugated fiberboards. If the linerboard and corrugating medium of every corrugated fiberboards is made from the same material, the location of neutral axis comes close to inside liner in order of DMA, DM, DMB, SW and DW, and moment of inertia of area decreases in order of DMA, DMB, DW, DM and SW. With the finite element analysis, deflection of applied loads represented SW, DM, DMA, and TW in the order of their value.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2005

For both economic and ecological reasons corrugated box manufacturers are seeking to produce acceptably strong boxes while using more recycled paper. This study was to develop hydrophilic coating agents in order to improve overall physical properties of recycled corrugated fiberboard liners. Two coating agents were developed and applied to 'S' corrugating medium. The results showed that compression strength of new liners, named 'S-A' and 'S-B', were increased significantly both standard humidity and high humidity environment and it was as much as 'SK' liner. New developed liners were also economically advantageous since new liners were estimated about one hundred fifty dollars per ton cheaper than SK liner. The study indicated that further work is needed on the coating technology and machine development.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.301-314
• /
• 2010

The paper presents the results and conclusions of dynamic load tests that were conducted on a road bridge over the Mokrzyca river in Wroclaw (Poland) made of galvanized corrugated steel plates (CSP). The critical speed magnitudes, velocity vibration, vibration frequency were determined in the paper. The dynamic analysis is extremely important, because such studies of soil-steel bridges in the range of dynamic loads are relatively seldom conducted. Conclusions drawn from the tests can be most helpful in the assessment of behaviour of this type of corrugated plate bridge with soil. In consideration of application of this type of structure in the case of small-to-medium span bridges, the conclusions from the research will not be yet generalized to all types of such solutions. The detailed reference to all type of such bridge structures would be requiring additional analysis (field tests and calculations) on the other types of soil-steel bridges.