• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2009

The study analyzes likely impacts of left truck lane restriction strategies on urban freeways based on a traffic simulation model. This study contains two main parts. The first part is performed to develop feasible alternatives as well as provide insights into conditions under left truck lane restrictions would be effective based on the analysis of two representative hypothetical highways. Different levels of O-D demands and truck percentage is at least restrictions would work when maximum rate of flow is more than 1,300vphpl or truck percentage is at least over loft of the total traffic. The second part of our study concerns a case study on a region with perhaps the highest truck volumes in the U.S. - a northbound section of Interstate 710 corridor in Los Angeles County, Southern California. The results show that restricting the two leftmost lanes under congested traffic with heavy ruck use, provides the most positive impacts in terms of improving the flow of traffic and saving fuel. In addition, our study demonstrates that in general, the number of lanes restricted is a crucial factor in the success of this strategy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2008

[ $6{\sim}13mg/L$ ] base water concentration on monthly BOD has been kept at the Geukrak bridge point for this research target and it indicates the water quality under the existed rank. Due to this present condition of water quality, the demage of ecology from the upper stream to the lower one of the bridge could be conjectured. Moreover, nonstructural extinction of the ecology seems to have gotten worse between both the streams of Yeoungsan River. On this research, eco-corridor between the upper stream and the lower stream of the river should be ensured, the ecological demage needs to be cut off, a dispersed discharge method which the existed method of the 1st sewage plant in Gwangju was enhanced to should be inducted for the procuring of various water ecosystem, and the conditions by the scenario suggested from this research could be applied to a water quality model. then, analysis the improvement effect of the water quality adjacent the river. From the test result, Case3-Type1 scenario is thought to be the best one. From the test result with Case3-Type1 when the concentrated discharge was never done, 0.07 mg/L of BOD concentration was increased at the lower stream where Yeoungbon B point (Haksan Bridge) is but the water improvement effect of $0.24{\sim}2.87mg/L$ is thought to have been done at the area of water deterioration.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

Various environmental problems due to the rapid industralization and urbanization have been worsened as much as to threaten the environmental restitution of globe and become a critical international issue. Korean government presented the green growth as a new state vision for 60 years afterwards and is making efforts to solve the environmental problems. Daegu metropolitan city has faced various environmental problems including overpopulation of cities, traffic pollution, household wastes and green zone problem because of urbanization for the last decades. As such urbanism continues, the quality of residential environment is rapidly deteriorating and the intensive use of land leads to increase of building area raising the temperature of cities. Therefore there have been demands for the healthy, pleasant and satisfying residential environment and the improvement of residential environment and such recognition rises from society in full measure. Nevertheless the current residential complex concentrates only on raising the efficiency of land use. Related laws in the past(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) tried to prepare a standard to segmentalize the building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio and regulations of number of floors vertically, but currently it is abolished and the regulations are becoming eased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the floating wind before and after the vertical segmentation of residential areas(Daegu Metropolitan City, Urban Planning Municipal Ordinance as of October 10, 2003) by using KLAM_21, a model that enables analysing and predicting the flow and generation of clod wind, and to present a plan to improve the quality of residential areas afterwards when developing building lot and re-developing housing areas.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze ecological characteristics and select target species for effective restoration plans of wildlife corridors at Galmachi of Sungnam City. The actual vegetation in study area was physiognomically mixed with deciduous broad leaved forests dominated by oaks and artificially planted species. And it is a secondary forest formatted by sprout originated stand and being on early succession stage as a young stand. So study site was regarded as not suitable for the habitats for wildlife. The number of mammal species at study site was total 22 species, but most of these species were found as not so many in individual numbers. The individual number of hare was approximately 4 to 8, while the raccoon dog and water deer with 2 to 3 and 1 to 2, respectively. As such, it was estimated as a low population density due to discontinuation of ecosystem and the man-made impacts. In this study, raccoon dog and water deer were selected as the target species because of their migration patterns and ecological value in local ecosystem. It was suggested to establish a wildlife corridors of an over-bridge type at the peak area of Galmachi, known to be the mostly-used migratory route for 2 target species.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2008

The loss, alteration, and fragmentation of habitat have led to a reduction of biodiversity. The growing awareness of the negative effects of habitat fragmentation on natural systems has resulted in conservation strategy that is concerned with not only population and habitat level but also ecosystem and landscape level. Especially, ecological network to link core areas or major habitat patches is one of the most important issues. Recently, landscape connectivity is increasingly used in decision making for fragmented landscape management in order to conserve the biodiversity in the regional scale. The objective of this study was to find potential forest as a ecological corridor in Go-yang city, Gyung-gi province using cost-distance modelling method that can measure connectivity based on animal movement. 'Least cost-distance' modelling based on functional connectivity can be useful to establish ecological network and biodiversity conservation plan. This method calculates the distance modified with the cost to move between habitat patches based on detailed geographical information on the landscape as well as behavioural aspects of the animal movement. The least cost-distance models are based on two biologically assumptions: (1) dispersers have complete knowledge of their surroundings, and (2) they do select the least cost route from this information. As a result of this study, we can find wildlife moving route for biodiversity conservation. The result is very useful for long-term aspect of biodiversity conservation plan in regional scale, because this is reflection of geographical information and behavioural aspects of the animal movement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2011

The Korean society is recently becoming the aging society at an unprecedentedly rapid speed. Following the increase of the older population, their needs for special care is also rocketing. However, due to the increase of working women, nuclear-families, and old persons living alone, new facilities for the elderly such as nursing home are urgently needed. Thus, many nursing homes for the elderly are also rapidly providing. It is needed to examine if such nursing homes are properly designed for the dependent elderly to live. This study was carried out by the field observation using a checking sheet with measuring and taking photograph. The subjects were 12 nursing homes which gave positive responses for walking through their facilities. The items for observing and measuring were made based on the regulation on improving the facilities for the disabled, the elderly, and the pregnant. Whether each item fits the regulation or not was examined. The 9 areas in each nursing home were examined : entrance, hallway and corridor, stair, elevator, ramp, bed room, shower and locker room, bathroom, and rest room. It was founded that many accessible-related items were met. However, many supportive-related items such as ones for the visual disabled, and many supportive-related and accessible-related ones for bathroom, shower room, and restroom were unmet. In the process of this research, it was founded that the tool for evaluating the design of nursing home in terms of universal design should be developed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2001

There has been increased interest in the health effects of the Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) as a confirmed human carcinogen. It has been known to be extremely difficult to make an accurate assessment of exposure to ETS since it is consisted of a variety of components and there are a number of labile chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain, to interpretate and to provide the data of quantitative exposure assessment to ETS in the field of environmental health. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the concentration of ETS using VOC in indoor office environments. The correlations and concentrations of benzene, RSP, 3-EP, nicotine that are indicators for ETS were investigate with smoking density, air change per hour(ventilation rate). Air samples were taken in smoking room(7 sites), smoking allowed office (3 sites), corridor outside smoking room(7 sites), non-smoking office (9 sites). The concentrations of benzene showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments. The geometric mean concentration of benzene were 23.56 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥(range 4.80~192.90 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥) in smoking rooms. 6.16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥ in smoking allowed offices, 1.32 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥ in the non-smoking offices respectively. The ratios of the concentration of benzene between outdoor air and smoking room, smoking allowed office, and non-smoking indicators concentrations, SD, and SI were 0.82(benzene and nicotine). 0.76(benzene and RSP), 0.60(benzene and SD), 0.76(benzene and SI). It is proposed that benzene is a good indicator for ETS.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.403-413
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the formation of internal wind paths of open space and its effect on meteorological factors and the generation of negative air ions. Various types of internal wind paths of open space were formed. Subsequently, changes in meteorological factors in each type were measured and the generated negative air ions were analyzed. The four key findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, the average wind speed formed inside the open space was analyzed such that the difference in wind speed was dependent on the difference in the composition of the wind path. Second, the negative air ion generation was observed to have the same trend as the average wind speed difference. Third, changes to the meteorological factors were more evident depending on the difference in wind path formation patterns. Solar radiation was expected to be highly affected by the physical structure (direction) of the target site. The relative humidity was found to show large difference depending on the different wind path type; however, this difference was significantly reduced when converting to absolute humidity. Fourth, it was found that the wind path formation type of open space affects meteorological factors through path analysis, and the changed meteorological factors affect the amount of generated negative air ions. Two conclusions can be obtained based on these results. First, the changes in internal wind speed formation of open space directly reduced the amount of generated negative air ions. Second, the changes in wind speed affect meteorological factors as well as the amount of generated negative air ions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2011

As the elderly population are rapidly growing, the elderly who needs special care and nursing homes for them are also growing. However, many nursing homes were planned without considering the hierarchial space organization such as division of housing unit and nursing unit based on the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the elderly or accessibility and supportiveness of the staff. This study was to examine the hierarchial characteristics in space organization of nursing homes by using Space Syntax. The subjects were 8 nursing homes in Busan. First, spaces in nursing homes were divided into five areas based on the literature review. Then the hierarchy of space organization for the access layer and layers of living floors was grasped by using G-graph. The access layer has a tree-type hierarchical structure and high visuality. Also, average depth of the space was 5. Then the full integration was analyzed. Mobile area, such as elevator, hallways, or living rooms has a high accessibility and the middle corridor type has commonly been characterized. The nursing stations were analyzed through the control degree and it was low in three nursing homes such as B, C, and G. The low clarity was showed in B, D, and F. The low clarity means that it is relatively difficult to recognize the whole space organization of nursing home. Even though the hierarchy of their living floors was tree-type structure with a high visuality, they has a type of grouping spaces around hallways and spreading, or a ring type.