• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to present basic data for better space plan of the apartment housing. It attempted to examine the possession and space usage of furniture and housing goods in three type floor plan. It also studied in relation to socidemographic variables and physical variables. The major findings were as follows :1) Housewife age, educational level, family income, number of family members were affected variables to the possession of housing goods and furniture except furniture possession to housewife age.2) It appeared similarity in the furnishing of housing goods and furniture in case of same floor plan.3) Generally, the space of living room was used often in furnishing of furniture and housing goods. 4) Linear arrangement of sofa set and corner arrangement of Anbang furniture are a tendency to get a effective space for activities in living room.5) The size of floor plan space was the most powerful variable to explain the possession and space usage of housing goods and furniture.6) The scarce of space result in pressing the household living space hard. The storage space should be planned and chosen after consideration of human factors according to the tastes, character of the users, and the space factors according to the composition of unit plan and the size of each living space. In case of the small size plan, particularly, it needed to the Built-in furniture as a effective method.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2023

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), which was initially believed to be a subtype of mesothelioma, has been reported to occur outside the pleura. In the head and neck region, it primarily manifests in the oral or nasal cavity, with rare occurrences in the facial region. A 40-year-old woman visited our hospital with a mass on her chin. Prior to surgery, involuntary movement was observed in the ipsilateral corner of the mouth upon palpation of the mass. Special care was taken during the surgical procedure to avoid damaging the facial nerve. The mass was excised, and histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an SFT. Here, we present the first reported case of an SFT diagnosed in a jaw mass in Korea. The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of the diagnostic accuracy of SFTs in lower jaw masses.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Currently, there are cases in Korea where economic damage has occurred due to the ambiguity instrument installation and operation standards in the construction of temporary earth retaining wall, failing to prevent collapse of temporary earth retaining wall at the construction site in advance. Therefore, in this study, a numerical analysis was conducted to find the appropriate installation location of the inclinometer and strain gauge among the installed instruments shown in the design drawing of the temporary earth retaining wall. As a results, It was found that the installation position of the underground inclinometer is the corner of the retaining wall in the case of plane-deformation analysis, and the most displacement occurs in the center of the excavation surface in the case of 3D analysis. When the stress and moment are comprehensively analyzed, the corner is judged to be a vulnerable point. In the case of the strain gauge, In plane-deformation analysis and 3D analysis, the maximum bending stress occurred at the wale connection where the end of the strut and the counter strut are in contact. At this point, it is analyzed that it is necessary to focus on installing and managing the connection to prevent accidents from being vulnerable.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1435-1450
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• 2004

Experimental data are presented which describe the effects of a combustor-level high free-stream turbulence on the near-wall flow structure and heat/mass transfer on the endwall of a linear high-turning turbine rotor cascade. The end wall flow structure is visualized by employing the partial- and total-coverage oil-film technique, and heat/mass transfer rate is measured by the naphthalene sublimation method. A turbulence generator is designed to provide a highly-turbulent flow which has free-stream turbulence intensity and integral length scale of 14.7% and 80mm, respectively, at the cascade entrance. The surface flow visualizations show that the high free-stream turbulence has little effect on the attachment line, but alters the separation line noticeably. Under high free-stream turbulence, the incoming near-wall flow upstream of the adjacent separation lines collides more obliquely with the suction surface. A weaker lift-up force arising from this more oblique collision results in the narrower suction-side corner vortex area in the high turbulence case. The high free-stream turbulence enhances the heat/mass transfer in the central area of the turbine passage, but only a slight augmentation is found in the end wall regions adjacent to the leading and trailing edges. Therefore, the high free-stream turbulence makes the end wall heat load more uniform. It is also observed that the heat/mass transfers along the locus of the pressure-side leg of the leading-edge horseshoe vortex and along the suction-side corner are influenced most strongly by the high free-stream turbulence. In this study, the end wall surface is classified into seven different regions based on the local heat/mass transfer distribution, and the effects of the high free-stream turbulence on the local heat/mass transfer in each region are discussed in detail.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2009

Three dimensional numerical analysis for the coal fired boiler has been performed to investigate the effect of yaw angle variation of the secondary air nozzles on the combustion characteristics and NOx emission. It was found that the prediction gives a good agreement with plant data. The increase in yaw angle up to $20^{\circ}$ have results in the decrease in NOx emission at furnace exit and recirculation flow intensity, together with the increase of unburned carbon in ash. It also has been recognized the remarkably change in configuration of fire ball with increase in yaw angle. The results from this study would be valuable in the case of the combustion modification of the corner firing coal-fired utility boiler.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.60-66
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• 2010

Mesh grounding electrodes in Korea and abroad are designed as lattice-shaped equidistance grounding grids. In case of a lattice-shaped grounding Grid, however, there is a problem of higher touch voltage at the corner of the grid relative to the center. To overcome this problem, we used oblique-shaped equidistance grounding grid to reduce the area of the corner where mesh voltage occurs. As a result the mesh voltage was reduced. Therefore, this paper suggests the use of oblique-shaped grounding grid instead of the existing lattice-shaped ones. It applied the same grounding design dimensions for both lattice-shaped and oblique-shaped grounding grids, compared and analyzed mesh voltage, GPR, ground resistance, total length of grounding conductor, verified that oblique-shaped grounding grid is superior to the lattice-shaped.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.9
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• pp.643-650
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel method for enhancing the detection speed and rate by reducing the computation in Hough Circle Transform on real-time iris detection of smartphone camera image. First of all, we find a face and eyes from input image to detect iris and normalize the iris region into fixed size to prevent variation of size for iris region according to distance from camera lens. Moreover, we carry out histogram equalization to get regular image in bright and dark illumination from smartphone and calculate minimal iris range that contains iris with the distance between corner of the left eye and corner of the right eye on the image. Subsequently, we can minimize the computation of iris detection by applying Hough Circle Transform on the range including the iris only. The experiment is carried out in two case with bright and dark illumination. Our proposed method represents that detection speed is 40% faster and detection rate is 14% better than existing methods.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.44-56
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• 2013

This research is to identify how much toxic combustion gases are produced from Korea standardized real fire test (Class A&B) by using Room Corner Tester (RCT) and how much those gases are possibly dangerous to testing personnel by estimating the level of carboxyhemoglobin (% COHb). It is confirmed that testing personnel can be affected as more than 40% COHb from Class A 9th and 10th rating in respiration minute volume (RMV) 2 and from Class A 5th to Class A 10th rating in RMV 3 during the time for initial three minutes. Also, in the case of Class B real fire tests, although it is considered rather safe for the initial 1 minute, testing personnel can be affected as more than 20% COHb from Class B 16th to 20th rating in RMV 3 during total test time. Currently, the Korea standard is only focusing on the protection measures against the heat, but the it is neglecting the protection measures against toxic combustion gases. Therefore, according to this study, it is strongly recommended that testing personnel should wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, or the equivalence depending on the real fire test rating.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2022

The BARC flow is studied via Direct Numerical Simulation at a relatively low turbulent Reynolds number, with focus on the geometrical representation of the leading-edge (LE) corners. The study contributes to further our understanding of the discrepancies between existing numerical and experimental BARC data. In a first part, rounded LE corners with small curvature radii are considered. Results show that a small amount of rounding does not lead to abrupt changes of the mean fields, but that the effects increase with the curvature radius. The shear layer separates from the rounded LE at a lower angle, which reduces the size of the main recirculating region over the cylinder side. In contrast, the longitudinal size of the recirculating region behind the trailing edge (TE) increases, as the TE shear layer is accelerated. The effect of the curvature radii on the turbulent kinetic energy and on its production, dissipation and transport are addressed. The present results should be contrasted with the recent work of Rocchio et al. (2020), who found via implicit Large-Eddy Simulations at larger Reynolds numbers that even a small curvature radius leads to significant changes of the mean flow. In a second part, the LE corners are fully sharp and the exact analytical solution of the Stokes problem in the neighbourhood of the corners is used to locally restore the solution accuracy degraded by the singularity. Changes in the mean flow reveal that the analytical correction leads to streamlines that better follow the corners. The flow separates from the LE with a lower angle, resulting in a slightly smaller recirculating region. The corner-correction approach is valuable in general, and is expected to help developing high-quality numerical simulations at the high Reynolds numbers typical of the experiments with reasonable meshing requirements.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

Meso-scale or micro-scale forming of sheet metal parts has been recently considered as one of the important forming technologies with growing demand on meso/micro products for electric or medical devices. Experimental investigation on the cylindrical meso-cup drawing with hemispherical punch is carried out to examine the limit drawing ratio and thickness distribution of drawn cups. The working parameters chosen in this study are blank diameter, die-corner radius and blankholding force. It is found from the experiments that the limit drawing ratio of 2.4 can be achieved in the case of hemispherical cup drawing and uniform thickness distribution in wider region can be obtained compared with the results of conventional cup drawing.