• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

본 연구는 솔잎을 수증기 증류법으로 생산한 솔잎 추출용액을 2형 당뇨 마우스인 db/db mice에게 투여하여 솔잎 추출용액의 혈당강하 효과를 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 $30{\sim}40g$정도의 6주령 수컷 C57BL/Ksj(BL/Ls) homozygous diabetic(db/db) mice(SPF)를 음성대조군(corn oil), 솔잎 추출용액 저용량군(112.5 mg/kg), 고용량군(450 mg/kg) 및 양성대조군(metformin 150 mg/kg)의 4군으로 나누어 6주간 시험물질을 경구 투여하였다. 6주 사육기간 동안 혈당의 변화를 측정하기 위해 매주 1회씩 6시간 공복 시 미정맥으로부터 혈당을 측정하였으며, 6주 실험종료 후 모든 동물은 희생시킨 후 복대정맥에서 혈액을 채취하여 당화혈색소(HbAlc), 혈청 인슐린, C-peptide 및 leptin 농도 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 식이섭취량은 솔잎 추출용액 투여군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 양성대조군은 섭취량의 변화가 없었고, 1일 1마리당 평균섭취량은 고용량군이 음성대조군 및 양성대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 섭취량을 보였다. 체중은 군 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 간 무게와 상대적 간 무게는 음성대조군에 비하여 솔잎 추출용액 고용량군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈당은 솔잎 추출용액 고용량군에서 실험개시 3주부터 음성대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 최종 혈당은 저용량과 고용량군 모두 음성 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮아졌고, 용량 의존적인 경향성을 나타내었다. 당화혈색소의 함량 역시 솔잎 추출용액 고용량군에서 음성대조군에 비해 유의적이지는 않지만 낮은 경향을 보였다. 혈청 인슐린과 C-peptide농도는 솔잎 추출용액의 투여에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않아 솔잎 추출용액이 인슐린의 생성에 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 사료된다. 혈청 leptin 농도는 유의적이지는 않지만 음성대조군에 비해 솔잎 추출용액 투여군에서 높은 경향을 나타냈으며, 혈당과 음의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 솔잎 추출용액의 혈당강하 효과의 작용기전으로 leptin과 관련된 인슐린 감수성에 영향을 미첬을 가능성이 있는 것으로 기대된다. 그러므로 본 연구에 사용한 112.5 mg/kg 및 450 mg/kg의 솔잎 추출용액은 6주 경구투여 시 혈당강하 효과를 나타냈으며, 인슐린의 농도에는 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 이러한 결과는 솔잎 추출용액의 혈당강하 효과의 작용기전이 인슐린의 감수성이나 저항성에 영향을 미쳤을 가능성이 있는 것으로 기대되며, 본 연구가 앞으로 솔잎 추출용액에 대한 다양한 연구를 활성화하는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1985

The study was carried out to investigate interrelationships among the acid, peroxide, iodine, thiobarbituric acid values, and changes of fatty acid compositions of some vegetable oils added to soybean milk. A storage temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ was used for the oxidation of the oils, and to determine of variation of the chemical properties and changes of the fatty acid composition, all the samples were carried out in every 8 hours for 40 hours. The changes in fatty acid compositions of the vegetable oils were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were as follow; 1. The acid values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.05, 0.12, and 0.06, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 0.08, 0.18, and 0.09, respectively. 2. The peroxide values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.3, 1.0, and 0.3, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 1.1, 1.1, and 0.9, respectively. 3. The iodine values of the fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 132.7, 124.1, and 57.0, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 127.3 108.3, and 52.0, respectively. 4. The thiobarbituric acid values of fresh soybean, corn, and palm oils added to the soybean milk were 0.18, 0.05, and 0.02, whereas those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 0.25, 0.19, and 0.07, respectively. 5. The percent content of the major fatty acids of the soybean, corn, and palm oils freshly added to the soybean milk were 2.3%,2.5%,and 25.2%for palmitic acid, 3.2%,3.2%,and 4.8%for stearic acid, 39.7%, 40.7%, and 59.3% for oleic acid, 49.9%, 53.0%, and 10.5% for linoleic acid, and 4.7%, 0.4%, and 0.7% for linolenic acid, respectively. Those of the oils stored for 40 hours were 2.9%, 4,5%, and 36.7% for palmitic acid, 8.5%, 6.8%, and 7.0% for stearic acid, 37.8%, 38.8%, and 49.2% for oleic acid, 46.2%, 49.5%, and 5.8% for linoleic acid, and 4.2%, 0.1%, and 0.1% for linolenic acid, respectively. The fatty acid compositions changed significantly: the amounts of the unsaturated fatty acid decreased considerably. The rsults of the present study demonstrated greater stability of the palm oil as compared with the stability of soybean oil and corn oil added to the soybean milk.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2009

본 연구는 햄버거 패티 제조시 우지를 대체한 canola oil, olive oil, corn oil 및 sunflower oil 등의 식물성 유지와 결착 보조제로 egg white powder와 wheat fiber 를 첨가하여 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 식물성유를 첨가한 햄버거 패티는 일반적인 우지를 첨가한 패티보다 낮은 칼로리와 가열감량 및 직경감소율을 나타내었고, 물리적 측면 및 관능적 특성에서는 우지를 사용한 패티와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 지방산 조성 분석 결과, 우지를 사용한 패티에 비해 낮은 트랜스 지방산 함량과 낮은 포화지방산 함량을 나타내었다. 따라서 식물성유를 대체할 때 대두단백, egg white powder 및 wheat fiber를 일정량 혼합하여 첨가한다면, 트랜스 지방산의 함량을 낮추고, 많은 불포화 지방산의 함량이 높은 웰빙형 햄버거 패티의 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.845-851
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• 2012

To elucidate the relationship between the arachidonic acid (AA) content and the taste of broiler meat, the effects of AA-enriched oil (AAO) supplements on the fatty acid content and sensory perceptions of thigh meat were evaluated. Four types of oil, including corn oil (CO), a 1:1 mixture of AAO and palm oil (PO) (1/2 AAO), a 1:3 mixture of AAO and PO (1/4 AAO), and a 1:7 mixture of AAO and PO (1/8 AAO) were prepared. Each type of oil was mixed with silicate at a ratio of 7:3, and added to the diet at a final proportion of 5% of fresh matter. Broiler chickens were fed these diets for 1 wk before slaughter. In thigh meat, the AA content of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups was significantly higher than that of the CO group. The AA content in thigh meat (y, mg/g) increased linearly with increasing dietary AAO content (x, g/100 g of diet), according to the equation y = 0.5674+0.4596x ($r^2$ = 0.8454). The content of other fatty acids was not significantly different among the 4 diet groups. Sensory evaluation showed that the flavor intensity, umami (L-glutamate taste), kokumi (continuity, mouthfulness, and thickness), and aftertaste of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups were significantly higher than that of the CO group. There were significant positive correlations between AA content in thigh meat and the flavor intensity, total taste intensity, umami, and aftertaste. These data suggest that the taste of broiler meat can be improved by the amount of dietary AA supplementation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2005

Sophorolipid was produced by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 from soybean dark oil, a byproduct of soybean oil processing. With a fed-batch culture of C. bombicola for 7 days, 90 g/l of sophorolipid was obtained. The CMC (critical micelle concentration) and minimum surface tension of the sophorolipid in aqueous solution were found to be 150 mg/l and 48 mN/m, respectively. The dispersion capability of sophorolipid was higher than that of the chemical surfactants such as SDS and Brij30. The molar solubility ratio (MSR) of 4-methylnaphthalene was 0.2. Linoleic and oleic acids were the main constituents of the fatty acid composition of the sophorolipid. The sophorolipid showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acne and Bacillus subtilis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2002

횐쥐 사료에 10%와 20% 수준의 들깨기름, 옥수수기름, 소기름을 각각 배합하여 1개월간 사육한 결과를 비교하니 체중 증가율은 식이 유지 종류에 의한 영향보다도 식이내 유지 함량에 의해 영향을 더 크게 받아 20% 유지군들의 사료 섭취량이 10% 유지군보다 떨어졌음에도 불구하고 20% 유지군들이 10%유지군들보다 체중이 더 증가하였다. 혈중 중성지방량과 총 cholesterol량은 식이내 지방 함량 의존성으로 증가하여 20%유지군들이 10% 유지 군보다 증가하였고 그중에서 소기름군이 가장 높았다. GPT와 BUN값은 식이내 유지 함량 증가에 따라 측정값들이 증가하는 경향이고 20%들깨군의 측정값들은 모두 정상값의 범위를 초과하고 실험군들 중에서 가장 높았다. 혈중 $CO_2$농도는 실험군들 중에서 20% 들깨 기름군이 가장 높았고 정상값을 초과하였다. 나머지 실험군들은 $CO_2$농도 상호간 거의 차이가 없었다. 따라서 흰쥐를 들깨기름의 함량이 높은(20%)사료로 1개월간 사육하였을때 간장 및 기타 장기들의 기능에 약간의 역작용을 주는 것으로 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1995

This study designed to compare the hypolipidemic e(feats of n6 linoleic acid (LA), n3 w-linolenic acid(LL) and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) In rats fed high fat (40% Cal) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed experimental diets for 6 weeks, which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beef tallow (BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 LA, perilla oil (PO) for n3 a-LL and fish oil (FO) for n3 EPA+DHA. Plasma total cholesterol (T-chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA+DHA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA+DHA. Plasma triglyceride(TG ) level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA+DHA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TG level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. PO and FO groups were significantly higher in the relative Proportions of C20:5 and C22:6 of plasma and liver and lower in those of C20:4/C20:5 ratio. Overall, the lipid-lowering effect was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA >n3 LL > n6 LA and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion level on the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and total tract digestibility of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) of cottonseed oil when fed to growing pigs. Methods: Forty-two barrows (initial body weight = $35.51{\pm}2.01kg$) were randomly allotted to a completely randomized design with a corn-soybean meal basal diet, five levels of cottonseed oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and a 10% soybean oil diet. Each diet was replicated six times with one pig per replicate. The experiment lasted 19 days, 7 d for cage adaptation, 7 d for diets adaptation and last 5 d for feces and urine collection. The energy values and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of cottonseed oil and soybean oil were calculated by the difference method, and regression equations were established to predict the energy values of cottonseed oil. The apparent digested fat of the entire intestinal tract was also regressed against dietary fat intake to determine the true total tract digestibility (TTTD) and endogenous loss of fat for cottonseed oil. Results: The results showed that the DE and ME contents of cottonseed oil were not different as the inclusion level increased. The DE and ME values determined by the regression equation were 36.28 MJ/kg and 34.96 MJ/kg, respectively, and the values were similar to the mean DE and ME values calculated by the difference method (36.18 and 35.56 MJ/kg, respectively). The ATTD of cottonseed oil was also not affected by the inclusion level of cottonseed oil, and the TTTD and EFL determined by the regression method were 92.40% and 13.83 g/kg of dry matter intake for corn-soybean basal diet. The DE, ME, and ATTD of AEE in soybean oil determined by the difference method were 35.70 MJ/kg, 35.20 MJ/kg and 92.31%, respectively. There were no differences in the DE, ME, and ATTD between cottonseed oil and soybean oil, although the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids for soybean oil was higher than for cottonseed oil. Conclusion: The DE, ME, and ATTD values of cottonseed oil were not affected by its dietary inclusion level. The energy values of cottonseed oil determined by the difference and regression methods were similar. Furthermore, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid for oils was not the decisive factor to influence the energy values and ATTD of oils.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1996

This study was done to investigate effects of n-s fatty acids and vitamin E supplement on the preneoplastic hepatic enzyme altered foci and cholesterol metabolism in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis system. Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the diet containing either 15% corn oil(CO) or sardine oil(SO) with or without vitamin E 800IU supplementation for 12 weeks. After two weeks of feeding, rats were intraper-itoneally injected with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine(DEN:200mg/kg, BW). At the 4th week, rats were given the diet containing 0.02% acetylaminofluorene(AAF) for next 4 weeks. At the 6th Week, 0.05% pheno-barbital was incorporated into diet for 6 weeks. At the end of 12th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic glutathions S-transferase placental form positive(GST_{TEX}$P^{+}${/TEX}) foci and serum and liver cholesterol levels were determined. GST_{TEX}$P^{+}${/TEX} formation was significantly decreased by SO feeding when compared with Co feeding but it tended to be enhanced by vitamin E supplementation. Histopathological changes were similar to patterns of GST_{TEX}$P^{+}${/TEX} formation in almost all dietary groups. Serum and hepatic cholesterol levels of SO fed groups were significantly lower than those of CO fed groups. Carcinogen treatments significantly increased serum and liver cholesterol levels in CO fed groups but not in SO fed groups. Correlation data showed a positive correlation(${\gamma}$=0.83, p<0.01) between serum cholesterol level GST_{TEX}$P^{+}${/TEX} foci area. These results indicate that sardine oil as a m-3 fatty acid source may have a reducing effect in rat hepatocarcinogenesis by the altheration of cholesterol metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.232-241
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• 1996

This study was designed to compare the effect of different dietary fats on plasma lipids, the degree of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in RBC and liver rats treated with or wighout 1, 2-dimethylhydrazing (DMH). Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks-old, were divided into control and DMH-treated grous, and each group was again subdivided into four were perilla oil (PO), blend fat (BF) containing ten different kinds of dietary oil, beef tallow (BT), corn oil (CO). At the same time, each rat was injected intramusculary with saline(for control) or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Compared with BT feeding, BF reduced plasma total choesterol level and PO and Co reduced plasma TG levels (p<0.05). DMH injection decreased plasma cholesterol in all dietary groups. However, PO decreased tocopherol levels and increased TBARS levels in RBC compared to BT. The degree of hemolysis in PO group was higher than that of BT group (p<0.05 only in control group. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsome was reflected by dietary fatty acid profile. The peroxidizability index and TBARS level in hepatic micorsome were significantly increased but tocopherol level was lowered in PO group compared to BT group. Activites of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in RBC and hepatic cytosol were not influenced y dietary fats and DMH treatment(p<0.05). Overall, perilla oil rich in $\omega$3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid could be a very important dietary source in reducing plasma lipids and blend fat was also good dietary oil mixture in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, the degree of lipid peroxidation was greater in tissue by perilla oil feeding and it is very difficult to use only perilla oil as oil source for meal preparation, so that it could be suggested to use more perilla oil and fish to give an equal effect of blend fat in order to reduce the risk factors against cardiovascular disease.