• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.728-733
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• 2008

New gluten-free food product (tarhana) was produced using rice and com flours. Chemical and sensory properties of the tarhana samples were investigated and compared with those of traditional wheat tarhana. Generally, sensory analysis results indicated that utilization of com and rice flours in tarhana resulted in acceptable soup properties in terms of some of the sensory properties. The changes in electrophoretic properties of the proteins of the tarhana samples were also studied during the tarhana production. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that relative intensities of some of the protein bands in tarhana samples generally decreased during fermentation. The decrease was more obvious at the larger molecular weight region. Corn and rice tarhana seem to be promising food products for the celiac patients who have limited choice of cereal based foods.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2005

대두 단백 필름의 물성을 개선하기 위하여 옥수수 단백과 밀 단백을 이용하여 적층하여 필름을 제조한 후 물성을 측정하였다. 옥수수 단백(필름 B)과 밀 단백(필름 C)으로 적층한 대두 단백 필름의 인장강도가 대구조에 비해 1.5배 이상 증가 하였고 필름 C에 비해 필름 B의 인장강도가 더 높게 나타났으며 또한, 필름 C의 경우 신장률이253%로 인장강도와 신장를 모두 증가 하였다. 투습계수 측정 결과, 대조구인 필름 A와 비교해서 필름 B와C는 그 차이는 적었지만 투습계수가 감소하였다. 하지만 적층한 필름의 투습계수에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 필름 용해도는 필름 B와 C가 대조구 보다 낮았다. 색도는 필름 A와 C는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 옥수수 단백으로 적층한 필름 B의 b값과 YI값이 큰 차이를 보이며 황색을 나타냈다. 본 실험 결과는 밀 단백 필름으로 적층한 필름 C가 여러 물성 면에 있어서 식품의 포장재로써 효과적이라고 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 원료의 전처리, 가수분해 방법, 농축과정 및 제형화 공정을 최적화하여 BCAA 함량이 증가된 옥수수 펩타이드 제조법을 확립하였다. 옥수수 글루텐의 단백질 회수율은 증자와 탄수화물 분해효소 처리 등의 전처리 과정에 의해 약 11% 정도 증가하였다. 가수분해 방법에서는 미생물을 배양하여 제조한 코지에 상업용 효소를 소량 혼합하여 반응시킨 가수분해물에서 향상된 유리아미노산 및 BCAA 함량을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 가수분해 반응액은 농축과 여과를 통해 BCAA의 함량이 약 100% 정도 향상되었다. 위의 조건에서 제조한 옥수수 가수분해 반응물의 분말화를 위해 분무건조기의 온도와 고결방지제 종류를 비교한 결과, inlet 온도 $185^{\circ}C$, outlet 온도 $80^{\circ}C$, 분산속도 18,000 rpm에서 2% maltodextrin을 사용 시 가장 좋은 상태의 분말 제품을 얻을 수 있었다. 이와 같은 가수분해 및 분말화 공정을 통해 단백질 이용률이 32%까지 향상되고, BCAA 함량이 전체 유리아미노산 대비 41%의 높은 비율로 구성되어 있는 옥수수 글루텐 가수분해물을 제조할 수 있었다. 이상과 같이, 본 연구에서는 옥수수 글루텐 가수분해물 제조를 위한 최적화 과정을 통해 BCAA가 풍부한 가수분해물 제조와 최종 제품의 품질 안정화 조건을 확립할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구에서 개발한 미생물(코지)과 효소를 동시에 사용하는 방법에 의하여 옥수수 글루텐을 가수분해하면 적은 양의 효소사용으로 유사한 유리아미노산 및 BCAA 함량을 나타내는 가수분해물을 얻을 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 개발한 옥수수 글루텐 가수분해물 제조공정은 매우 효율적이며, 경제적인 방법이라 할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2004

Two trials in vivo and in vitro were conducted, in vivo to determine the apparent digestibility of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and apparent digestible energy in 10 corn by-products. In vivo the diets included one basal corn diet, four corn gluten meal diets, four corn distillers dried grains with solubles diets and two corn distillers dried grains diets using the different methods, 12 crossbred barrows weigh $40{\pm}$1.6 kg were allocated into individual metabolic crate, according to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. In vitro using flask technique, filter bag technique and dialysis tubing technique, the digestibilities of gross energy, crude protein and dry matter in corn gluten meal and corn distillers dried grains with solubles were investigated. Pepsin, pancreatin, intestinal fluid, rumen fluid and cellulase were used in incubation. The results showed that correlation coefficient was 0.73 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01); and correlation coefficient was 0.68 in corn distillers dried grains with solubles between the digestibility of gross energy and neutral detergent fiber in vivo (p<0.01). Apparent digestible energy (DE) of corn by-products in pig total tract was predicted by the percentage of crude protein (CP) and the content of gross energy (GE) in feedstuff. The equation: DE=5,601.09+26.69$\times$CP %-0.5904$\times$GE, ($R^2=0.72$). In vitro, filter bag technique was more convenient; furthermore, the digestibility for the treatments (pepsin+pancreatin+rumen fluid and pepsin+pancreatin+cellulase) was better.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2011

본 연구는 성성숙 전 한우 암송아지의 일일 유지 단백질(CPm) 요구량을 구하기 위하여 평균체중 143.1 kg (실험 1)과 257 kg (실험 2)의 각 6두씩을 3수준의 단백질을 급여하는 two 3 ${\times}$ 3 latin square design에 공시하였다. 실험 1에서는 기초사료로서 timothy 건초를 2.8 kg/d/head를 급여(LCP)하면서 분쇄옥수수와 corn gluten meal을 각각 250 g과 150 g (MCP) 그리고 500 g과 300 g (HCP) 보충 급여하였다. 실험 2에서는 기초사료로서 timothy 건초를 4.8kg/d/head를 급여(LCP)하면서 분쇄옥수수와 corn gluten meal을 각각 350g과 250g (MCP) 그리고 700g과 500g (HCP) 보충 급여하였다. 실험 1에서의 CP 섭취량은 LCP, MCP, HCP구에서 각각 236.6, 340.1, 459.8g/d 이었고, 대사체중당 조단백질 균형은 각각 0.51, 1.87, 3.20g 이었다. 실험 2에서의 CP 섭취량은 LCP, MCP, HCP구에서 각각 415.2, 606.9, 793.0g/d 이었고, 대사체중당 조단백질 균형은 각각 0.67, 1.03, 2.99g 이었다. 실험 1과 2에서 얻은 CPm 요구량은 각각 4.58과 5.02/$BW^{0.75}$ 이었고 한우 사양표준(농림부, 2007)에서 채택하고 있는 5.56g CP/$BW^{0.75}$ 보다 낮았다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

This study was investigated quality characteristics of gluten-free noodles added guar gum and basil seed gum (BSG). Gluten-free noodles were prepared using corn flour and corn starch and added 1% and 2% of guar gum and basil seed gum. Water binding capacity was measured by centrifuge, and moisture content was obtained by moisture analyzer. Color of noodles was measured from the midsection of noodles. Water absorption of noodles was calculated by weight of uncooked and cooked noodles. pH of noodles was measured by pH meter. Texture and tensile strength were obtained by rheometer. SPSS 12.0 program was used for significant differences by Duncan's multiple range test. Water binding capacity of noodles was the highest in 2% basil seed gum but 1% guar gum was the lowest. Moisture content was not different in uncooked noodles, but 1% guar had the highest moisture content in cooked noodles. Water absorption of noodles was high in basil seed gum group. pH of noodles was more increased in guar gum additions than basil seed gum additions. For hardness, control had the lowest as 16.09 N, but 2% guar gum showed the highest as 28.40 N. Tensile strength of noodles was increased by adding gums. These results suggested that 1% basil seed gum could be good materials for manufacturing gluten-free noodles in order to improve quality characteristics.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effect of different gluten-free flours on the properties of cookies. Methods: Each gluten-free cookie was made from wheat, brown rice, buckwheat, corn, sorghum, teff, or black rice. Results: Baking loss was highest on sorghum (18.85%) and the lowest on teff (12.73%). The spread factor was highest on brown rice (8.20) and lowest on corn (7.60). The density was similar in all samples (1 g/mL). pH was the highest on buckwheat (6.45) and lowest on wheat (5.96). While L-value, a-value and b-value were lowest on black rice, the ${\Delta}E-value$ was the highest on black rice (35.57). The hardness was highest on wheat (30.28 N) and lowest on teff (14.87 N). The polyphenol and flavonoid content was the highest on buckwheat ($25.97{\mu}g\;GAE/mg$) and the flavonoid content was the highest on black rice ($24.33{\mu}g\;QE/mg$). The DPPH IC50 value was highest on wheat ($352.41{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($33.59{\mu}g/mL$). The ABTS $IC_{50}$ value was highest on wheat ($349.30{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($57.72{\mu}g/mL$). The results of the sensory properties revealed color to be highest on corn (7.33). The top grain was similar in all the samples (5.43-6.57). Flavor was highest on black rice and teff (6.43-6.48). The softness was the highest on wheat, sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.48-7.05). Sweetness was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.19-6.71). The overall preference also was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.14-6.48). Conclusion: Gluten-free flours can improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2015

This study first investigated the effects of corn gluten hydrolysate (CGH) (1.5 g/day) administration for 7 days on appetite-responsive genes in lean Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In a second set of experiments, the metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 8 weeks in response to CGH (35.33% wt/wt) were observed in high-fat (HF, 60% of energy as fat) diet-fed SD rats. In lean rats, the hypothalamus neuropeptide-Y and proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels of the CGH group were significantly changed in response to CGH administration. In the second part of the study, CGH treatment was found to reduce body weight and perirenal and epididymal fat weight. CGH also prevented an increase in food intake at 2 weeks and lowered plasma leptin and insulin levels in comparison with the HF group. This reduction in the plasma and hepatic lipid levels was followed by improved insulin resistance, and the beneficial metabolic effects of CGH were also partly related to increases in plasma adiponectin levels. The Homeostasis Model of Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), an index of insulin resistance, was markedly improved in the HF-CGH group compared with the HF group at 6 weeks. According to the microarray results, adipose tissue mRNA expression related to G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway and sensory perception was significantly improved after 8 weeks of CGH administration. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that dietary CGH may be effective for improving hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats as well as appetite control in lean rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of corn gluten (CG), wheat gluten (WG), and soybean protein isolate (SPI), as well as their hydrolysates, on weight reduction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=70) were fed a high-fat diet (40% of the calories were fat) for 4 weeks. Rats were then randomly divided into seven groups and were fed isocaloric diets with different protein sources for 8 weeks. The protein sources were casein (control group), intact CG (CG group), CG hydrolysate (CGH group), intact WG (WG group), WG hydrolysate (WGH group), intact SPI (SPI group), and SPI hydrolysate (SPIH group). Body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, lipid profiles in plasma and liver; and hepatic activities of carnitine palmitoyl transferase, fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed. The CGH group showed significant weight reduction compared with the other groups. Epididymal fat pad and plasma triglycerides in the CGH group were the lowest and were significantly different than those in the control group. FAS activity in the CGH group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. In conclusion, the CGH diet of these experimental animals demonstrated a weight-reducing effect by lowering the adipose tissue weight and by affecting the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.706-711
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• 2009

옥수수 글루텐 가수분해물(corn gluten hydrolysates, CGH)의 알코올 대사 및 간 기능 보호효과에 대한 효과를 알아보았다. 즉, 흰쥐에게 4주간 시료를 함유한 알코올을 경구투여함에 의해 간 손상을 유도시키고, 혈액 중 생화학적 간 기능 지표(ALP, GOT, GPT), 간세포 내 항산화 효소(SOD, GPX, catalase)와 지질과산화물(MDA) 및 알코올 대사와 관련된 효소(ADH, ALDH, MEOS)의 활성을 조사하였다. 또한 알코올 섭취에 따른 경시적인 ethanol과 acetaldehyde 농도에 대한 시료의 효과를 분석하였다. 알코올성 간 손상을 입은 흰쥐의 체중변화 및 간 중량에 대한 에탄올 투여 및 CGH의 효과는 보이지 않았으며, 식이섭취량은 정상군에 비해 CGH 섭취군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 알코올 섭취로 증가된 혈중 ALP 활성은 CGH 처치로 30% 감소한 반면, GOT 및 GPT 활성은 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 알코올성간 손상에 따른 체내 항산화 반응계 중 catalase 효소활성은 알코올 투여군에 비해 CGH 처리군에서 79%까지 유의적으로 감소하였다. ADH 활성은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, ALDH 활성은 알코올 투여 대조군에 비해 CGH군에서 20% 정도 유의적으로 증가하였다. 특히, CGH는 MEOS활성에 대해 농도 의존적으로 작용하여 3% CGH을 급여한 그룹에서는 알코올 투여 대조군에 비해 20%까지 활성이 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 알코올 단회 투여에 따른 경시적인 혈액 중 ethanol 농도는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 acetaldehyde 농도는 CGH 투여에 의해 급격히 감소하였고, 시간에 따른 곡선 하 면적으로 환산한 결과, 약 60% 정도 감소한 효과를 보였다. 이상과 같이, CGH는 알코올대사과정 중 ALDH 및 MEOS 활성에 작용하여 체내 알코올성 간 손상에 대한 간 기능 보호효과와 함께 ethanol 대사산물인 acetaldehyde의 체내 배출을 촉진시키는 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.