• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Bung Boraphet is the largest freshwater reservoir in Thailand. This study examined the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in water, sediment and tissues of Asian clams (Corbicula sp.) within Bung Boraphet to assess the possible polluting effect of soil erosion and the dissolution of water soluble salts from the Nan River. Samples were collected from 12 study sites within Bung Boraphet between February and December 2008. The physicochemical parameters of the water including temperature, pH, turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphates, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, Cu, and Pb were measured. The water in Bung Boraphet was found to be medium clean according to the surface water quality standard of Thailand. The levels of Cu and Pb in the water were low but heavy metals were detected at higher levels in the sediment and tissues of Corbicula sp. In the near future, management practices and regulator approaches for Cu and Pb contamination will be needed to protect the water in Bung Boraphet.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 1999

Background: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper transport and characterized by degenerative changes in the brain, liver dysfunction, and Kayser-Fleischer rings due to toxic accumulation of copper. Since the identification of Wilson disease gene (ATP7B), more than 80 mutations have been detected among the different ethnic groups. Methods: Twenty three children with Wilson disease were included in this study. They were all diagnosed by low serum ceruloplasmin and increased 24 hour urinary copper excretion with characteristic clinical findings. We analysed WD gene mutation by assessing the nucleotide sequence of exon 7, 8, 9 and 10 including intron-exon boundaries of ATP7B gene from genomic DNA. Results: Arg778Leu mutation was identified in 16 WD patients; three were homozygous and 13 were heterozygous for this mutation. Of the 46 alleles, 19 alleles had a Arg778Leu mutation (19/46=41%). Homozygote patients had neurologic forms of WD. Arg778Leu mutation was not found among 50 normal healthy persons. Conclusion: Arg778Leu mutation is a common mutation in Korean WD gene. Arg778Leu mutation screening might be used as a useful supplementary diagnostic test in some patients to confirm Wilson disease in Korea.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.540-544
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• 2001

Determination of cyanide ion has been studied by adsorptive stripping voltammetry using hanging mercury electrode. Cyanide ion complexed with copper ion is adsorpbed on the electrode and oxidised at the positive potential scan. Optimal conditions of CN determination were found to be ; supporting electrolyte solution ; 0.1 M NaCl of ammonium buffer at pH 10, accumulation potential; -800 mV vs Ag/AgCl, accumulation time ; 300 s, scan rate ; 50mV/s. The linear concentration of cyanide ion was observed in the range $1{\times}10^{-8}$, $1{\times}10^{-7}M$. The detection limit(n/s=3) was $0.13{\mu}g/L$($5{\times}10^{-9}M$) with 3.5% RSD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1972

Zinc is one of the essential trace elements in the living organism for growth and health. The first identified metalloenzyme, carbonic anhydrase, is a zinc compound and several others have been described since. Among zinc deficiency syndromes in animals porcine parakeratosis has been successfully treated with zinc supplements, and in man a syndrome of anemia, hypogonadism, hepatosplenomegaly, and dwarfism, prevalent in parts of Iran and Egypt, has been ascribed to lack of zinc in the diet. Dietary zinc excess in the rat is manifested by a hypochromic, microcytic anemia, poor growth, reduction in liver catalase and cytochrome oxidase. The present study is an attempt to delineate the changes of tissue contents of trace elements, especially of iron, copper and zinc in liver and kidneys of the rats. Weanling albino rats, weighing 60 to 80gm. were used in this experiments. The rats were housed in cages with aluminum floors and received feed and distilled water ad libitum. Animals were divided into three groups, control, low zinc diet and high zinc diet groups. The high zinc diet group was subdivided into 0.5% Zn and 0.7%Zn groups. The supplementary copper or iron was added to the high dietary zinc groups. The animals were sacrificed and the tissues were washed several times with deionized water. The wet digested samples were analyzed by Hitachi Model 207 atomic absorption spectro-photometer for the determination of iron, copper and zinc in the liver and kidney. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The results of this study are as follows: 1) All rats fed high zinc diets and low zinc diets gained less weight than control. Weight gain was not improved by the supplementary copper or iron and both. 2) Hemoglobin concentration was decreased significantly in the rats fed high zinc diets and less in the low zinc diet. Supplementary copper and iron to the higher zinc diet appeared to give some improvement of anemia. 3) The iron contents of the liver and kidneys were significantly decreased in the high zinc groups and the reduction was more significantly in the rats receiving higher zinc diet (0.7%). The supplementary copper caused a further depression of liver iron. On the other hand, the iron, added to the high zinc diet lessoned the severity of the decrease in liver iron and caused kidney iron to be maintained almost at the level found in the rats fed by zinc and supplementary copper diet. 4) High zinc diets did not change copper content of the liver and kidney. Supplementary copper elevated the concentration in the liver and kidney and added iron had no effect on the accumulation of copper in the liver and kidneys. 5) The high zinc diets caused marked increases of zinc content in the liver and kidney. Supplementary iron to the high zinc diet caused increases of zinc contents of liver and kidneys.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1997

광산폐수, 산업폐수등으로 부터 Cd, Pb, Zn 및 Cu등의 중금속에 강한 내성을 지니고 있을 뿐만 아니라 균체내 중금속 축적능력이 우수한 중금속 내성 미생물 균주 Pseudomonas putida(Cd), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Pb), Pseudomonas chlororaphis(Zn) 및 Pseudomonas stutzeri(Cu)를 각각 분리하여, 여러가지 물리화학적인 방법으로 세포를 전처리하여 세포구성성분을 인위적으로 조절한 후 세포내 중금속이온의 흡수 거동 및 조단백질 함량과 중금속 축적관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 세포를 알카리로 전처리하였을 경우 세포내 중금속 축적은 매우 감소되었으며, 메탄올과 클로포름으로 전처리하였을 경우에는 중금속 축적에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 메탄올과 클로로포름으로 전처리한 후 다시 알카리로 재차 처리하였을 경우에는 중금속 축적이 매우 감소되었다. 전처리된 세포내 중금속 축적은 용출되지 않고 남아있는 조단백질 함량이 감소됨에 따라 더 얼마나 크게 감소되었으므로 세포 구성물질중 단백질이 중금속 축적에 중요한 역할을 하는 물질인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.141.2-141.2
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• 2003

Subendothelial accumulation of foam cells plays a key role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. These foam cells accumulate in fatty streaks that evolve to more complex fibrofatty or atheromatous plaques. Oxidized LDL may also be involved in atherogenesis by inducing smooth muscle cell proliferation and smooth muscle foam cell generation. (omitted)

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 돈분 액비를 연용한 논토양 및 밭토양의 유해 중금속을 관리하는 방안을 마련하고자 전국적으로 액비를 장기 시용한 연차별 논토양 41점과 밭토양 54점을 채취하여 유해 중금속인 카드뮴, 구리, 니켈, 납, 아연, 비소의 함량을 조사하였다. 액비연용에 따른 년차별 변화에서 논토양 및 밭토양 중금속 전함량은 원소별로 일부 증가하는 경향은 보이나 연도별 축적 차이를 통계적으로 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 액비연용에 따른 중금속 특히 구리 및 아연의 축적 여부는 이들이 식물영양에 필수 원소로 작용함을 고려하여 보다 장기적인 관점으로 계속 검토되어야 할 사항이다. 그러나 일부 밭토양에서 토양오염 우려기준을 초과하는 지점이 조사되어 액비 시용 전 토양 내 중금속 함량조사를 통해 시용 여부를 결정하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2011

To investigate the effects of pipe materials on biofilm accumulation and water quality, an annular reactor with the sample coupons of four pipe materials (steel, copper, stainless steel, and polyvinyl chloride) was operated under hydraulic conditions similar to a real plumbing system for 15 months. The bacterial concentrations were substantially increased in the steel and copper reactors with progression of corrosion, whereas those in stainless steel (STS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reactors were affected mainly by water temperature. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) of biofilms was about 100 times higher on steel pipe than other pipes throughout the experiment, with the STS pipe showing the lowest bacterial number at the end of the operation. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of 176 cultivated isolates revealed that 66.5% was Proteobacteria and the others included unclassified bacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli. Regardless of the pipe materials, Sphingomonas was the predominant species in all biofilms. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that steel pipe exhibited the highest bacterial diversity among the metallic pipes, and the DGGE profile of biofilm on PVC showed three additional bands not detected from the profiles of the metallic materials. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that corrosion level and biofilm accumulation were the least in the STS coupon. These results suggest that the STS pipe is the best material for plumbing systems in terms of the microbiological aspects of water quality.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.