• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2021

To better understand the ecological functioning of the coastal ecosystem in Gamak Bay on the southern coast of Korea, seasonal changes in the density, biomass, and secondary production of the copepod community were investigated. Environmental measurements (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a) and copepod sampling were performed seasonally from January to December 2006. The mean density of copepods (excluding nauplii) varied from 949 to 5,999 ind · m^-3; copepod density was at its highest from March to July. The copepod community comprised 32 taxa, including Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida. The predominant species were Paracalanus parvus s. l., Acartia omorii, Eurytemora pacifica, Oithona similis, A. erythraea, Centropages abdominalis, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, and Calanus sinicus. There were significant spatial and seasonal variations in copepod total biomass, which ranged from 0.33 to 43.10 mg C m^-3. Mean secondary production of the copepods in Gamak Bay, estimated as 2.05 ± 1.63 mg C m^-3 d^-1 using the Huntley and Lopez growth model, was over 2 times higher than the value given by application of the Hirst and Bunker model (1.09 ± 0.85 mg C m^-3 d^-1). The daily production rate to biomass (P/B) ratio varied between 0.08 and 0.86 d^-1 (Huntley and Lopez model), and 0.18 and 0.33 d^-1 (Hirst and Bunker model). Our results emphasize the ecological significance of using models to estimate the secondary production of copepods and provides the first report of copepod production in Gamak Bay.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2023

This study was conducted to understand the seasonal patterns and variation of the copepod community in the Anma Islands of Yeonggwang, Yellow Sea, with a focus on seasonal surveys to assess the factors affecting their occurrence. Throughout the survey period, Acartia hongi, Paracalanus parvus s. l., and Ditrichocorycaeus affinis were dominant species, while Acartia ohtsukai, Acartia pacifica, Bestiolina coreana, Centropages abdominalis, Labidocera rotunda, Paracalanus sp., Tortanus derjugini, Tortanus forcipatus occurred differently by season and station. As a results of cluster analysis, the copepod communities were distinguished into three distinct groups: spring-winter, summer, and autumn. The results of this study showed that the occurrence patterns of copepod species can vary depending on environmental conditions (topographic, distance from the inshore, etc.), and their spatial occurrence patterns between seasons were controlled by water temperature and prey conditions. One of the physical mechanisms that can affect the distribution of zooplankton in the Yellow Sea is the behavior of the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW), which shows remarkable seasonal fluctuations. More detailed further studies are needed for clear grounds for mainly why to many Calanus sinicus in the central region of the Yellow Sea are seasonally moving to the inshore, what strategies to seasonally maintain the population, and support the possibilities of complex factors.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2003

The seasonal succession of zooplankton communities in the coastal area off Incheon, Kyeonggi Bay, was investigated with the samples collected at intervals of 10 to 15 days from January 1999 to December 2000. Total abundance of zooplankton communities showed remarkable seasonal variations, ranged from 1,100 to $120,400{\;}indiv./\textrm{m}^3$, and annual mean abundance was $22,000{\;}indiv./\textrm{m}^3$. There were several times of the total abundance during a year, and the timing ofhigh abundances were about the same in 1999 and 2000. During the study period except summer, the abundance of dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans and copepod Acartia hongi contributed to the most part of total zooplankton. Whereas, during summer, smaller copepod Oithona davisae and Paracalanus crassirostris were dominant species. Zooplankton communities in the coastal waters off Incheon showed typical characteristics of coastal-estuarine communities, which were dominated by a few species, and abrupt seasonal variations in abundance. We suggest that the seasonal succession and abundance variations of zooplankton communities were caused by the seasonal variations in water temperature and by the seasonally varying phytoplankton biomass in the study area.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2010

이 연구는 성전강 하구역의 계절별 동풍플랑크톤 분포 특성과 주요 요각류 우점종의 생산력을 파악하기 위하여 2009년 5월부터 2010년 2월까지 계절별로 섬진강 하구역에서 염분경사를 고려한 10개 정점을 대상으로 수행되었다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 동물플랑크톤 군집은 총 31개 분류군으로 구성되었으며, 계절별 평균 출현 개체수는 $4,151\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-3}$이다. 평수기 조사수역의 동물플랑크톤은 연안성 동물플랑크톤이 주로 출현하였으나, 풍수기에는 기수성 동물플랑크톤의 출현이 하구역 중 상류에서 집중되었다. 현장실험을 통해 얻어진 Acartia spp.와 Paracalanus parvus s.l.의 성장률은 수온과 염분 변화에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 우점 요각류를 대상으로 계산된 섬진강 하구역의 연간 요각류 생산력은 $3.49\;g\;C{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 비교적 높은 생산력을 보였으며, 이처럼 섬진강 하구역의 동물플랑크톤 생산력이 높은 것은 높은 식물플랑크톤 현존량을 바탕으로 다양한 염분 범위에 따른 연안종과 기수종의 다량 출현 때문으로 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

Pre-monsoon dynamics of zooplankton community were investigated in the downstream of the Gagok stream flowing into the East Sea of Korea. Monthly sampling was carried out to collect zooplankters at five sites in the stream during the period between April and July 2014. Dissolved oxygen contents exceeded $7.0mg\;L^{-1}$ all the time. Water temperature was in a range of 15.7 to $24.9^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.4 to 8.8, respectively. A total of 75 taxa consisted of 36 species of rotifers, 16 species of cladocerans, 16 species of copepods, four kinds of aquatic insects, two kinds of decapods and one nematod was occurred. One species of marine copepod and one cladoceran, and one species of brackish rotifer and one copepod distributed at the station located in the stream mouth. Zooplankton abundance showed to vary from 42 to 4202 individuals $m^{-3}$ due to the explosion of aquatic insects and Alona sp. at site 2 located in the downstream in April. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon period seems to decrease the zooplankton abundance caused by diffusion and drifting to the sea. Species diversity indices were generally high between 1.2~2.3 and were recorded to be high at the downstream throughout the study period. With the zooplankton dynamics, the influence of the input of sea waters into the stream seemed to be confined to some hundred meters of the stream mouth facing the East Sea.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2003

The spatial distribution and composition of the mesozooplankton community in the southeastern Barents Sea were observed at 17 stations, from 12 to 28 July 2002. Six taxa of zooplankton were found, including tintinnids, copepods, cumaceans, appendicularians, polychaetes, and barnacle larvae. Copepods were dominant, comprising 74% of the community. The copepod species Limnocalanus grimaldii, Pseudocalanus acuspes, Calanus glacialis, Calanus finmarchicus, and Microsetella norvegica, and the cumacean species Diastylis rathkei and Campylaspis rubicunda were identified. The overall mean abundance of the zooplankton was 72 indiv.l0 $\mu \textrm m^{-3}$ in the study area, ranging from 4 to 197 indiv.l0$\mu \textrm m^{-3}$. Zooplankton was more abundant at the oceanic than the coastal stations. The highest biomass measured was 97.4mg $\mu \textrm m^{-3}$, the mean biomass was 36.9 mg 10$\mu \textrm m^{-3}$, 93% of which was copepods. Pseudocalanus acuspes, C. glacialis, and C. finmarchicus predominated, accounting for 61% of abundance and 86% of biomass. Spatial distributions of the zooplankton community in the study area depended on the variations in water temperature and salinity, which were influenced by freshwater runoff from the continent.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2020

We investigated mesozooplankton in the Yellow Sea in spring to understand its community structure and relationship with environmental factors. Total mesozooplankton density ranged from 1,542 to 7,367 ind. m-3 and the biomass ranged from 3 to 42 mg C m-3. The total density and biomass had a positive relationship with chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration. The mesozooplankton community was divided into two groups at 125.5 E by cluster analysis: one was an inshore group and the other was an offshore group. The inshore group of mesozooplankton was of high density but low diversity, while the offshore group was of high diversity but low density. Copepod Acartia hongi and its copepodites were the most abundant species, comprising 27.8% of the total mesozooplankton density. A. hongi was especially abundant at the inshore, serving as the indicator species of the inshore group. Redundancy analysis found a positive relationship between the density of A. hongi and chl-a concentration. Oithona similis and Centropages abdominalis were 2nd and 3rd dominant species comprising 9 and 7% of the total density, respectively. The density of O. similis was positively related to water depth, but C. abdominalis was related to chl-a concentration. Chl-a concentration seems to influence significantly the mesozooplankton community structure in the Yellow Sea in spring, rather than water temperature or salinity.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.406-425
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• 2019

본 연구는 제주 연안에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집의 특성과 계적적 변동을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 제주도 조간대 지역에서 20개의 조사지점을 선정하였으며, 2017년 4월부터 2019년 2월까지 총 8회의 조사를 수행하였다. 조사결과, 조사지점 당 중형저서동물의 밀도는 733~2,505 inds. 10 cm^-2였으며, 2017년 4월에 밀도가 가장 높았고 2019년 2월에 가장 낮았다. 모든 조사지점에서 Nematode가 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, copepod와 nauplius가 그 다음 우점 분류군으로 조사되었다. 생태계 건강성을 나타내는 Nematods/Copepods ratio (N/C ratio)는 2017년 4월에 가장 낮은 값인 0.02, 2019년 2월에 가장 높은 값인 87.40으로 산출되었으며, 이는 조사지점의 건강성이 악화되었음을 의미한다. Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) 분석결과는 제주 연안의 중형저서동물 군집구조는 지역적 차이보다는 계절적 변동에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받고 있음을 나타냈다. 제주도의 중형저서동물 군집의 계절적 변동 특성을 보다 명확히 이해하기 위해서, 추가적인 군집조사와 환경 인자와의 상관관계 분석이 후속 연구로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

We investigated the mesozooplankton community structure during autumn in the southern Yellow Sea. Mesozooplankton density generally ranged from 352 to 2,954 ind. m^-3 and varied according to different sampling stations. The copepod Paracalanus parvus s.l. and its copepodites dominated in the communities, corresponding to 57.3% in density of the total. Surface and water-column averaged salinity were positively correlated with density of total mesozooplankton, copepods and a few dominant species, and the tunicate Thalia rhomboides was negatively related to chlorophyll-a concentration. The mesozooplankton community of the study area was divided into three groups according to the cluster analysis using species composition and density: one in the northern coastal region, another in the northern offshore region, and the other in the south. The most significant indicator species for each of the groups were Labidocera euchaeta in the northern coastal region, T. rhomboides in the northern offshore region, and Themisto sp. juveniles in the south. This study provides recent data on the characteristics of the mesozooplankton community in the southern Yellow Sea, which may be valuable for gaining a better understanding of changes in the pelagic ecosystem of the Yellow Sea.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.776-783
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• 2011

In a natural water body, a useful ecotechnology to reduce standing crops of phytoplankton is to strengthen the top-down force of zooplankton. However, the predation of fish for zooplankton can make the force weak. This study was conducted to find out the effect of fish on the grazing pressure of zooplankton in the mesocosms established in a eutrophic stream (Kyongan Stream) from October to November in 2010. In the corral with fish, chlorophyll a concentration increased, and a small size cladoceran Bosmina longirostris was dominant. In the corral without fish, chlorophyll a concentration decreased along with the domination of a large cladoceran Daphnia galeata and a large copepod Eudiaptomus japonicus. The size-selective predation of fish appeared to miniaturize the zooplankton community, to narrow their food-size spectrum, and to weaken the top-down force.