• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1996

Bangladesh that is known as the poorest country of the world has the large land of fertile soil and very good environment to live, even though we think she may be very bad to live. People being habituated to that good environment, the population explosion made the people to be starven, but the treatment has been simple support without deep analysis of the root of poverty. As the result it is general that the poverty is severer and severer in spite of continuous support. For the last century Korea changed from the country of poverty and despair to that of development and hope, to be model mid vision of under development countries including Bangladesh. At this point it is necessary to look back the way of development to help them to solve their poverty problem. That is the goal of this project, and this thesis is the result of it. It is evaluated for the 1st 5 years work of the project to apply the result to the next 5 years plan. This project had been proceeded from 1. Jul. 1990 to 30. Jun. 1995 at Chilmari area of Bangladesh, with teaching and training to wake up the mentality of the people, demonstration farming and cooperative association. It was proceeded as the Agriculture project of KDAB(Korean Development Association in Bangladesh, an NGO registered to Bangladesh) supported by Good Neighbors, KOICA and many churches and individuals. Especially the teaching and training work was proceeded as the branch of the Canaan Farmer`s School of Korea with instruction and support. After the basic survey for project, the confirmation of working place and the preparation of training facility, 10 times of long term training(3 months worse, boarding) was completed, with many times of short term training, informal training, demonstration farm, various demonstrating works. The results of the work are understanding of the not of problem by participatory observation, making plan to solve it, getting the trust from the people and beginning the practical work with the trainees for development of economy and living situation. The biggest problem of Bangladesh is being understood losing the desire to solve the poverty problem and the self-confidence to be able to do it. It is the conclusion that after solving the problem of thought and mentality, the education, technology and money can be effective for development. So the 1st 5 year project is evaluated as the basic work to analyse the root of problem, to chance mentality of people and to search income source. The next goal is to promote practical living level of people. For that it is necessary to develope die mentality of people including responsibility and self-confidence by teaching and training, to educate cooperative association and technology for economical development, to proceed integrated rural development work with economical development, educational improvement and reformation of environment. It is very important result that they decided to grow poultry for main economical source of Chilmari area, to do economical development work by joint operation of poultry through cooperative association.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.652-658
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• 2012

본 연구는 유단백질 유래 카제인염을 상업용 단백질가수분해 효소로 처리하여 효소의 종류와 가수분해 시간에 따른 ACE 저해효과를 살펴보고 주요 성인병인 고혈압의 예방을 위한 혈압강하 효과가 높은 가수분해물을 제조하고자 수행하였다. 카제인염을 6종의 단백질 분해효소로 기질대 효소비 1000:1로 첨가하여 8시간 가수분해했을 때 가수분해도는 2.54-4.25%로 나타났고, 다시 가수분해물을 기질대 효소비 500:1로 처리하여 4시간 동안 2차 가수분해하였을 때 4.30-5.22%의 가수분해가 일어났다. 효소별 가수분해물의 ACE 저해효과는 가수분해가 진행됨에 따라 $IC_{50}$의 수치는 감소하였고 저해율을 증가하였다. 1차 가수 분해시 8시간 가수분해한 가수분해물의 $IC_{50}$ 수치는 Protamex 처리군이 $516{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 낮았고 Flavourzyme이 $866{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 높았다. 1차 가수분해물을 Flavourzyme로 4시간 2차 가수분해를 하였을 때 1차 가수분해물 보다 $IC_{50}$ 수치가 감소되어 ACE저해 효과가 증가하였으며 Neutrase로 처리하였을 때 $282{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 낮았고 Protease M이 $570{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 효과가 적었다. 가장 효과가 좋은 Neutrase 2차 가수분해물을 소화효소인 pepsin, trypsin, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin으로 가수분해 하였을 경우 $IC_{50}$ 수치는 $597{\mu}g/mL$로 1차 가수분해물보다 저해효과가 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.05). Neutrase 2차 가수분해물을 MW 10,000로 한외여과하였을 때 MW 10,000 미만 permeate의 $IC_{50}$ 수치는 $273{\mu}g/mL$로 저해효과는 유의차가 없었으나, 10,000 이상의 retentate는 $IC_{50}$ 수치가 $635{\mu}g/mL$로 유의적 수준에서 저해효과가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이에 효소의 종류와 가수분해 시간의 조합에 의한 ACE 저해활성을 측정하고 분리공정을 최적화하기 위한 추가 연구를 수행한다면 주요 유단백질인 카제인 유래 기능성 식품의 산업적 대량생산이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

목적 : 분자 표적의 선택적 억제가 방사선 세포 살상 효과를 증진시키는 것으로 알려져 있으므로 선택적 COX-2 억제제와 EGF 수용체 차단제를 HeLa 세포주에 처리한 후 방사선 효과의 상승작용을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자궁경부암 세포주인 HeLa세포에서 EGF 수용체 차단제 AG 1478, 선택적 COX-2 억제제 NS 398과 방사선을 복합 투여하여 세포성장 억제 분석(cell graph inhibition assay)과 세포사멸 분석(apoptosis assay)을 시행하였고, 방사선 감수성 변화를 살펴보기 위해 세포생존 분석(clonogenic survival assay)을 시행하였다. 방사선 감수성 인자로는 2 Gy에서의 세포생존분획($SF_2$)과 linear-quadratic model을 이용한 dose enhancement ratio (DER)를 사용하였다. 방사선 감수성에 대한 작용기전 분석을 위해 flow cytometry로 세포주기 분석(cell cycle analysls)을 시행하였고, western blot 분석을 통하여 bcl-2와 bax 단백질의 발현 변화를 살펴보았다. 결과 : HeLa세포에 NS 398과 AG 1478을 방사선과 함께 복합 투여한 실험 군에서 세포사멸 정도가 가장 높게 나타났다($8.49\%$ vs. $22.70\%$). 세포주기 분석 결과, 방사선과 복합 약물 처리군에서 $G_0/G_l$ 세포주기 정체와 5 세포 분획 소실이 나타났으며 이러한 변화는 72시간 이후까지 지속되었다 세포생존 분석 결과로는 방사선과 AG 1478군에서 $SF_{2}0.68{\pm}0.07$, DER 1.12를 보인 반면, 방사선과 복합약물처리군에서는 $SF_{2}0.12{\pm}0.01,\;DER\;3.00$으로 나타났다. Western blot분석에서는 방사선과 복합약물처리군에서 bcl-2와 bax 단백질 발현이 모두 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 신호전달 체계를 억제하는 분자 표적 약제인 선택적 COX-2 억제제와 EGF 수용체 차단제를 방사선과 복합투여함으로써 HeLa세포의 방사선 감수성이 증가됨을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1442-1448
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period. Methods: Sixty Hanwoo steers (average body weight, $333{\pm}36.4kg$) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments, with twenty steers per treatment, and ten steers per pen with a size of $80m^2$. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; treatment (TRT) 0.5, 0.5% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL; TRT 1.0, 1.0% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL. Results: The results demonstrated that average daily gain and feed efficiency increased with TRT 0.5 (0.85 kg and 11.68) vs CON (0.82 kg and 11.27) or TRT 1.0 (0.78 kg and 10.74), indicating that 0.1% SSL supplementation in the feed of early fattening steers may result in a saving of 0.5% TDN. No significant differences were observed amongst all treatments (p>0.05) for blood metabolite concentration and blood corpuscle values, which were all within the normally accepted range for healthy steers. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a TDN 0.5% down spec with 0.1% SSL supplemented feed may be effective and profitable for the early fattening period of Hanwoo steers without causing adverse effects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2018

Objective: This study was done to evaluate the effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation in a total mixed ration (TMR) on the lactation performance, blood parameters, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Methods: Twenty-four cows (body weight $647{\pm}11.7kg$) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with six cows per group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (CON); CON+17.5 g of top dressed SSL (treatment [TRT] 0.05); CON+35 g of SSL (TRT 0.1); and CON+70 g of SSL (TRT 0.2) per 35 kg TMR. Results: The highest level of SSL supplementation (TRT 0.2) significantly improved milk yield during the second period compared to the TRT 0.05 group (5 to 8 wks; 33.28 vs 31.09 kg/d), during the third period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (9 to 13 wks; 32.59 vs 30.64 and 30.01 kg/d) and during the overall experimental period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (1 to 13 wks; 33.43 vs 32.06 and 31.40 kg/d), respectively. No negative effects on hematological or biochemical parameters were observed due to SSL supplementation. Considering both the milk fat and protein content, the total milk price was set at 1,073.60 (TRT 0.05), 1,085.60 (TRT 0.1), 1,086.10 (TRT 0.2), and 1,064.20 (CON) won/L, with consequent total milk profits of -1.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5% for the TRT 0.05, TRT 0.1, and TRT 0.2 diet, respectively, compared to those in the CON diet. Conclusion: The milk sales revenue related to SSL supplementation of the TRT 0.1 diet was increased by up to 5.4% compared to the milk sales revenue of the CON diet. Therefore, 0.1% SSL supplementation might be effective and profitable during the mid-lactation period of cows, without producing adverse effects.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

완화의학에서 환자의 평가는 치료의 의사결정과 그 결과에 이르기까지 중요한 역할을 한다. 평가도구의 사용 목적은 이를 환자 진료에 반영하여 개개인 환자와 가족들에 대한 돌봄의 질을 높이는 데 있다. 환자의 기능 상태와 통증 및 비 통증 증상을 평가하는 다양한 단일 영역 및 다차원 평가 척도들이 사용 가능하며, 삶의 질을 측정하는 다양한 도구들이 존재한다. 삶의 질이나 증상 측정에서 우월하다고 추천되는 단일 도구는 없는 실정이다. 도구마다 측정하는 시간의 틀이 다르고, 특성이 다르므로 사용 목적과 상황에 따라 적절한 도구를 선택하여야 한다. 여명 예측을 위해서는 예후 지수의 병용이 권고되는 추세이고, 웹을 기반으로 하는 예측 프로그램들도 등장하였다. 예후지수로는 최근 우리나라에서 다기관 연구를 통해 개발한 객관적 예후지수가 임상적인 여명 예측을 포함하지 않으면서 새로운 객관적인 예후 요인을 반영하여, 누구나 쉽게 사용이 가능하다. 완화의학 입문자의 경우 상대적으로 사용이 용이한 도구가 좋다. 따라서 기능의 평가에는 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 기능지수를 사용하고, 통증에서는 10점만점의 숫자 통증 등급(Numeric Rating Scale) 도구를 활용하면서 초기 통증 평가로는 간이 통증 조사지를 추천한다. 여러 가지 증상을 한꺼번에 측정하기 위해서는 숫자 등급으로 직접 물어보거나 혹은 M.D. Anderson 증상조사지(the Korean version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory) 설문지를 사용하기 바란다. 삶의 질을 평가하는데에는 European Organization Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care, 예후 지수로는 객관적 예후 지수(Objective Prognostic Score)를 사용하기를 권한다. 향후 완화의학에서 평가도구의 발전방향은 국제 공동 연구의 활성화와 디지털 기기를 통한환자 보고의 전산화이고, 머지않은 앞날에 우리나라에도 이러한 경향이 도입될 것이다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2014

This report is about a case of an ataxia patient with sensory loss diagnosed with thalamic Infarction. The patient had symtoms of gait disturbances and dysmetria. We used Korean medicine treatment modalities including acupunture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion and herb medicines. The improvement of ataxia was evaluated by International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and Balance master^Ⓡ system. After treatment, decreased scores of International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and change of the trace of Balance master^Ⓡ system showed that symtoms of ataxia were improved. Sensory deficits and other conditions were also getting better. This report suggests that Korean medicine could have a therapeutic effect for Thalamic ataxia.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this case report is to examine clinical application of Traditional Korean medicine including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture for cancer pain caused by bone metastasis of non small cell lung cancer. Methods : The patient diagnosed as non small cell lung cancer was treated with pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine. We used NRS(Numeric rating scale) and ECOG PS(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status) to observe the effect of the treatment. Results : After the treatment, NRS of cancer pain and ECOG PS score decreased. Also, the frequency of using rapid-onset opioids decreased. Conclusions : This study suggests Traditional Korean medicine treatment including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture is effective in cancer pain control caused by metastasis to bone with multiple organs with non small cell lung cancer.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2012

Red ginseng, which has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects, has been used for thousands of years as a general tonic in traditional oriental medicine. Here, we tested the immune regulatory activities of hydrolyzed red ginseng by malted barley (HRG) on the expressions of receptor interacting proteins (Rip) 2 and $I{\kappa}B$ kinase-beta (IKK-${\beta}$) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We show that HRG increased the activations of Rip 2 and IKK-${\beta}$ for the first time. When HRG was used in combination with recombinant interferon-${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$), there was a marked cooperative induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. The increased expression of inducible NO synthase from rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pre-treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). In addition, the treatment of peritoneal macrophages with rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG caused significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and production. Because NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ play an important role in the immune function and host defense, HRG treatment can modulate several aspects of the host defense mechanisms as a result of the stimulations of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and NF-${\kappa}B$. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HRG increases the productions of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ from rIFN-${\gamma}$-primed macrophages and suggest that Rip2/IKK-${\beta}$ plays a critical role in mediating these immune regulatory effects of HRG.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6559-6564
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: In a single-center, observational study of 91 Chinese patients with mCRC who received bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy was conducted. Objective response rates (ORRs), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events were recorded, and the relationships between various clinical factors and PFS or OS were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Treatment with bevacizumab and chemotherapy was effective and tolerable. Univariate analysis showed that PFS and OS were significantly associated with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) score, duration of bevacizumab exposure, and whether chemotherapy was continued after discontinuation of bevacizumab treatment. A multivariate analysis showed that the duration of bevacizumab exposure and whether chemotherapy was continued after discontinuation of bevacizumab were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Conclusion: In Chinese mCRC population, the shorter the duration of exposure to bevacizumab and chemotherapy, the worse the prognosis is.