• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

This study presents a sensitivity analysis method for stochastic user equilibrium of multi-modal network flows. We consider a multi-modal network consisting of a road network for passenger cars physically separated from a transit network for public transport. We first establish a sensitivity analysis method with respect to arbitrary link parameters and perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to link capacity and transit line frequency as practical link parameters. Next, We establish a sensitivity analysis method and perform the sensitivity analysis with respect to modal split by passenger car and public transit. As with the elasticity of economics, these results can be important information for analyzing changes in travel behavior due to the changes in operation and policy of transportation facilities, as well as for analyzing the effects of these operational changes and policies. These results also can be utilized as a tool to constitute a multi-modal network design problem by using cooperative game theory.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore high school teachers' subjective perception on performance-based pay system(PBPS) for teachers using Q-methodology. This study found three types of high school teachers' subjective perception on the system. Type I is named 'the type of negative perception.' The subjects of type I emphasize the PBPS is not appropriate system for motivating teachers' educational behaviors. Type II is named 'the type of neutral perception.' The subjects of type II emphasize the PBPS is a fair job evaluation, strengthening cooperative atmosphere of educational community but the system is not an usefulness for causing educational behavior etc. Type III is named 'the type of acceptive perception.' The subjects of type III emphasize the PBPS is a good policy to reward for the work most people avoid getting into and improve culture of teaching job etc.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2021

It is very important to learn behavioral policies that allow multiple agents to work together organically for common goals in various real-world applications. In this multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) environment, most existing studies have adopted centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) methods as in effect standard frameworks. However, this multi-agent reinforcement learning method is difficult to effectively cope with in a dynamic environment in which new environmental changes that are not experienced during training time may constantly occur in real life situations. In order to effectively cope with this dynamic environment, this paper proposes a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning system, C-COMA. C-COMA is a continual learning model that assumes actual situations from the beginning and continuously learns the cooperative behavior policies of agents without dividing the training time and execution time of the agents separately. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness and excellence of the proposed model C-COMA by implementing a dynamic mini-game based on Starcraft II, a representative real-time strategy game, and conducting various experiments using this environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.323-341
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• 2021

Various research are being published in the areas of humanities, history, aviation/ports, and regional development, centering on the Incheon area which has issues such as large-scale ports and airports, archipelago, and urban regeneration. This study explored the scope of the subject and the distribution of researchers using a informetric analysis focusing on the studies of Incheon. Specifically, this study extracted authors from about 500 Incheon-related research papers listed in the Korean journal's citation index and analyzed the co-author relationship network to understand the cooperative behavior between authors' institutions. In addition, by extracting keywords from the articles and performing a weighted network (PFNET) analysis on the relationship between keywords, the intellectual structure was analyzed. As a result, it was found that Inha University and Incheon National University showed a high TBC, and Incheon Development Institute showed the high NNC. Meanwhile, the intellectual structure of Incheon-related research was found to be composed of 11 thematic clusters, and the social issues of Incheon, ports, and aviation were analyzed as representative clusters.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2022

AGVs are often used in industrial applications to transport heavy materials around a large industrial building, such as factories or warehouses. In particular, in fulfillment centers their usefulness is maximized for automation. To increase productivity in warehouses such as fulfillment centers, sophisticated path planning of AGVs is required. We propose a scheme that can be applied to QMIX, a popular cooperative MARL algorithm. The performance was measured with three metrics in several fulfillment center layouts, and the results are presented through comparison with the performance of the existing QMIX. Additionally, we visualize the transport paths of trained AGVs for a visible analysis of the behavior patterns of the AGVs as heat maps.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.253-267
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• 2023

The bearing capacities resisted by the two-bay beams of multi-story planar frames with unequal spans under column removal scenarios differ considerably owing to the asymmetric stress on the left and right beams connected to the failed column and cause the potential for beams with larger span-to-depth ratios to be unable to exert effectively, which is disadvantageous for resisting the vertical load in unequal-span frame structures. To address this problem, the structural measure of adding braces to the weak bays of multi-story unequal-span frames was proposed, with the objective of achieving a coordinated stress state in two-bay beams with unequal spans, thereby improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures. Before conducting the numerical simulation, the modeling methods were verified by previous experimental results of two multi-story planar frames with and without steel braces. Thereafter, the effects of the tensile and compressive braces on the collapse behavior of the frame structures were elucidated. Then, based on the mechanical action laws of the braces throughout the collapse process, a detailed design method for improving the collapse resistance of unequal-span frame structures was proposed. Finally, the proposed design method was verified by using sufficient example models, and the results demonstrated that the design method has good application prospects and high practical value.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.652-665
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a nursing clinical judgment scale (NCJS) and verify its validity and reliability in assessing the clinical judgment of nurses. Methods: A preliminary instrument of the NCJS comprising 38 items was first developed from attributes and indicators derived from a literature review and an in-depth/focus interview with 12 clinical nurses. The preliminary tool was finalized after 7 experts conducted a content validity test based on a data from a preliminary survey of 30 hospital nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 443 ward, intensive care unit, emergency room nurses who voluntarily participated in the survey through offline and online for the verification of the construct validity and reliability of the scale. Results: The final scale comprised 23 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Six factors - integrated data analysis, evaluation and reflection on interventions, evidence on interventions, collaboration among health professionals, patient-centered nursing, and collaboration among nurse colleagues - accounted for 64.9% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising six factors (root mean square error of approximation = .07, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative fit index = .90). Cronbach's α for all the items was .92. Conclusion: The NCJS is a valid and reliable tool that fully reflects the characteristics of clinical practice, and it can be used effectively to evaluate the clinical judgment of Korean nurses. Future research should reflect the variables influencing clinical judgment and develop an action plan to improve it.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2016

Angelman syndrome is characterized by a partial deficit of paired autosomal chromosome 15, which contains a subunit of the GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptor. The main clinical characteristics of this syndrome are delayed neuropsychological development, intellectual disability, and speech impairment. The syndrome has oral manifestations such as diastemas, tongue thrusting, sucking swallowing disorder, and excessive chewing behavior. A 3-year-6-month old girl with Angelman syndrome was scheduled for dental treatment. She had multiple caries, but she was poorly cooperative for treatment due to developmental delay and movement disorder, so general anesthesia was considered. The patient with Angelman syndrome was successfully treated under general anesthesia. There were no postoperative complications related to anesthesia and dental treatment. When treating children with this syndrome, the dentist needs to manage their uncooperative behavior and medical problem.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2008

In a power-asymmetry relationship like franchise system, a high dependent franchisee must often rely on its powerful partner. Therefore, in order to build up 'win-win' systems, therefore channel members should increase trust and commitment each other to enhance the relationship quality to sustain long-term cooperative relationships. First of all, to increase the relationship quality in franchise system, franchisor should increase franchisee's perception of the powerful franchisor's justice. The point of this research, I established basic hypotheses and comparative hypotheses to examine franchisor's behavior what franchisee expected which influences on franchisee's attitude and behavior in power - asymmetry relationship in franchise system. For the purpose of the empirical testing, managers of franchisee in the food service industry of Korea had been selected and analyzed, and major findings in this study as follow: First, the relational norm between franchisor and franchisee increased both distributive justice and procedural justice, especially relational norm had more effect on procedural justice than distributive justice. Second, distributive justice increased both economic commitment and social commitment while procedural justice just increased social commitment only but economic commitment. So, on the relational commitment, distributive justice was more important element than procedural justice. On the other hand, procedural justice had indirect effect on economic commitment through distributive and social commitment.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제23권
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• pp.345-383
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• 2014

This article intends to examine the value of the world citizenship in the perspective from the root meaning that is stressed as the behavior style of Daesoon thoughts in relation with 'desirable attitude of life in education of morality. Traditional root meaning of Daesoon thoughts turned out to be proper moral behavior principle such as Yin Yang harmonious virtue, God Humane keeping unity, and conviviality with regrets settlement. Such three principles of Daesoon Thoughts show the characteristic of global code such as respect of life, solidarity unity, and tolerant trust. To revise the phenomenon of duality, and to realize the human awakening in radically changing reality, we need to cultivate world citizenship based on the root meaning of Daesoon thoughts. Daesoon thoughts covering the East and the West, especially the key features of religion, can cultivate the world view of citizenship in the era of plural society based on folk beliefs toward Gucheon Sangje faith as the essence of the multiplism. The world citizenship of human society is necessary to unite the world in the unified construction cooperative spirits. All beings need to be away from antagonistic confrontation with the practice of mutual conviviality. The diameter of acquired joining world citizenship can have the opportunity to realize of Gucheon Sangje's Heaven and earth construction. The root meaning of Daesoon thoughts can contribute to moral practicality with world citizenship by practice of heavenly truth and human truth. First, cultivating heavenly truth by means of insight can develope the profound world citizenship. Secondly, the solidarity of the public and private can cultivate public citizenship. Thirdly, in the crisis of the mankind, this awakening conviviality can be foundation for world citizenship of public communication. Fourthly, the spirit that would not deceive ownself can be contributed to cultivating the world citizenship by means of the process of internalizing Daesoon thoughts. Nowadays in the plural society demanding world citizenship, the public citizenship can deepen the spirit of respect of life, solidarity unity, and tolerant trust in the process of world citizenship cultivation. In the future, the world citizenship can be deepen the alternative of practice in the continuous cultivation of world citizenship. In this process, we can form the culture of coexistence which can contribute to human society as well as korean society by developing the value of living together happiness through the guide of this phonesis.