• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2021

In this study, the performance of the single heat source system and the hybrid system was comparatively analyzed. Case 1 is a ground heat source system, and Case 2 is a water heat source system. Case 3, a hybrid system, reduced the capacity of the ground heat source and applied a water heat source as an auxiliary heat source, and Case 4 was composed of a system that applied a water heat source as an auxiliary heat source to the ground heat source system. As a result of the simulation, in case 3, energy consumption was reduced by up to 2.67% compared to ground sources for cooling. In Case 4, COP was improved by up to 10.02% compared to ground sources during cooling, and EST was calculated to be 2.42℃ lower. During heating, 0.83% was improved compared to the water heat source. At this time, the EST was calculated to be 2.25℃ higher than the water heat source.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1995

원활한 전력공급을 위해 지중송전케이블에서 발생된 열을 제거하기 위한 방법으로 전력구트라프간접수냉방식이 적용된 지중송전계통에 대한 각 주요 구성요소의 열해석을 수행하였다. 열해석을 수행한 결과, 주어진 조건에서 냉동기가 채택된 냉동장치에서는 냉각수유량은 $2{\sim}3{\ell}/s/pipe$, 팬에 의한 풍속은 $1{\sim}2m/s/fan$인 경우에 지중송전계통의 원활한 전력공급을 위한 냉각계통의 최적조건으로 계산되었다. 반면에 냉각탑만을 설치한 경우에는 냉각수유량 및 풍속이 각각 $2{\sim}3s/pipe$ 및 6 m/s/fan이 최적조건으로 계산되었다. 그러나 냉각탑만이 설치된 경우에는 풍속이 너무 커져서 용량이 큰 팬의 설치 및 전력구내에서 작업자의 작업조건에 적합하지 않다. 따라서 본 연구의 주어진 조건하에서 지중송전계통의 냉동계통은 냉동기가 설치된 냉동장치가 바람직하다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2015

In a gas engine, the exhaust and the engine cooling water are generated. The engine cooling water temperature is $100^{\circ}C$ and the exhaust temperature is $500^{\circ}C$. The amount of heat of engine cooling water is 43 kW and the amount of heat of exhaust is 21 kW. Eight different hybrid organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system configurations which considering different amount and temperature of waste heat are proposed for two gas engine tri-generation system and are thermodynamically analyzed. Simple system which concentrating two different waste heat on relatively low temperature engine cooling water shows highest thermal efficiency of 7.84% with pressure ratio of 3.67 and shaft power of 5.17 kW.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2009

Energy demand characteristics of hotel, hospital, and office building are compared to provide guidelines for combining building in community energy system design. The annual, monthly, and daily energy demand patterns for electricity, heating, hot water and cooling are qualitatively compared and important features are delineated based on the energy demand models. Key statistical values such as the mean, the maximum are also provided. Important features of the hourly demand patterns are summarized for weekdays and weekends. Substantial variations in both magnitudes and patterns are observed among the 3 building types and smart grouping or combination of building type and size is essential for a successive energy supply.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1997

The freezing phenomenon of saturated water with the supercooled region in a horizontal circular cylinder has been studied experimentally by using the holographic real time interferometry technique. From the experiments, it was found that there were three types of freezing patterns. The first is the annular ice layer growing from the cylinder surface at a high cooling rate; the next is the asymmetric ice layer at a moderate cooling rate; and the last is the instantaneous ice layer growth over the full region at lower cooling rate. As the water was coolde from room temperature to the subfreezing point passing through the density inversion point, the freezing pattern was largely affected by the inversion phenomenon, which had much effected the free convection and was susceptible to influences from the cooling rate. When the cooling rate is high, supercooling energy is released before the water is sufficientry mixed by free convection. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is low, there is much time for the water to be mixed by free convection. This seems to be the reason why the different ice layer growths occur.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2016

최근 조선사들은 선박이 운항되는 연안 환경의 개선과 보호를 위하여 $CO_2$를 절감할 수 있는 친환경 선박과 함께 선박 운항 중 소비하는 에너지의 절감을 위한 고효율화 선박 개발의 노력도 활발하게 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전기로 구동되는 선박의 증기압축식 냉동기 대신에 선박 엔진 자켓수의 폐열을 이용하여 냉방을 할 수 있는 흡수식 냉동기의 적용 가능성과 냉각시스템에 냉매를 적용하는 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 해수와 열교환하여 액화될 수 있는 냉매들 중 R236fa가 가장 적합한 냉매로 분석되었으며, 이를 적용한 흡수식 냉동기의 COP는 0.798로 육상의 냉각탑을 이용한 수랭식보다 15% 그리고 해수 열교환기식 수랭식보다 5% 향상되었다. 냉동능력 1RT를 얻기 위한 LiBr 흡수용액 순환량은 0.013 kg/s로 수랭식 보다 25% 이상 감소하며, 냉각 매체 순환량도 수랭식의 15.7%에 불과한 매우 효과적인 냉동기가 되었다. 해수온도가 $18^{\circ}C$ 이하로 낮으면 발생하게 되는 LiBr의 결정화는 재생기에서 배출되는 엔진 자켓수의 온도를 이용하여 해수 온도를 상승시킴으로써 방지할 수 있다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2021

In order to solve the increasing deterioration of the energy shortage problem, ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have been widely installed. The control method is a significant component for maintaining the long-term performance and for reducing operation cost of GSHP systems. This paper presents the measurement and analysis results of the cooling performance of a GSHP system using capacity control with outdoor air temperature. For this, we installed monitoring equipments including sensors for measuring temperature, flow rate and power consumption, and then monitored operation parameters from July 9, 2021 to October 2, 2021. From measurement results, we analyze the effect of capacity control with outdoor air temperature on the cooling performance of the system. The average performace factor (PF) of the heat pump was 6.95, while the whole system was 5.54 over the measurement period. Because there was no performance data of the existing GSHP system, it was not possible to directly compare the existing control method and the outdoor air temperature method. However, it is expected that the performance of the entire system will be improved by adjusting the temperature of cold water produced by the heat pump, that is, the temperature of cold water on the load side according to the outside air temperature.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

This paper describes conceptual development and idea-verification of a sub-miniature portable cooler which dose not necessitate any pre-cooling nor any external energy supply. The basic principle of the cooling mechanism is the vaporization of water and sub-sequent cooling due to the evaporative latent heat loss. In this work, the vaporization of the water is stimulated by desiccant material to improve the cooling effect. The evaporative cooling caused by the desiccant is modeled and analyzed considering the sorption characteristics of the desiccant. In addition, the portable cooler is fabricated in the shape of a thin pad, and its cooling characteristics are tested and compared with the analytic results.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2009

Energy consumption data are surveyed and measured to develop energy demand models for hospital buildings as part of a complete package. Daily consumption profiles for electricity, heating, cooling and hot water are surveyed for 14 carefully chosen hospitals to establish energy demand patterns for a time span of a year. Then the hourly demand patterns of the 4 loads are field-measured for different seasons and statistically analyzed to provide higher resolution models. Used in conjunction with energy demand models for other types of buildings, the high resolution of 8760 hour energy demand models for a hospital for a typical year will serve as building blocks for the comprehensive model that allows the estimation of the combined loads for arbitrary mixtures of buildings.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2006

Presently, the VHTGR (Very High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) is considered the most attractive candidate for a GEN-IV reactor to produce hydrogen, which will be a key resource for future energy production. A new concept for a reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS), a critical safety feature in the VHTGR, is proposed in the present study. The proposed RCCS consists of passive water pool and active air cooling systems. These are employed to overcome the poor cooling capability of the air-cooled RCCS and the complex cavity structures of the water-cooled RCCS. In order to estimate the licensibility of the proposed design, its performance and integrity were tested experimentally with a reduced-scale mock-up facility, as well as with a separate-effect test facility (SET) for the 1/4 water pool of the RCCS-SNU to examine the heat transfer and pressure drop and code capability. This paper presents the test results for SET and validation of MARS-GCR, a system code for the safety analysis of a HTGR. In addition, CFX5.7, a computational fluid dynamics code, was also used for the code-to-code benchmark of MARS-GCR. From the present experimental and numerical studies, the efficacy of MARS-GCR in application to determining the optimal design of complicated systems such as a RCCS and evaluation of their feasibility has been validated.