• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1005-1009
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative effect of kimchi on the lipid oxidation of cooked meat in model systems. Four model systems of cooked ground meat(CGM). CGM-water(W), CGM-brine(B) and CGM-kimchi(K) were prepared and their oxidation behaviours were evaluated during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid values and peroxide values of the systems of CGM, CGM-B and CGM-W increased significantly with the storage time, however, those values of CGM-K were hardly changed during the time of 5 weeks storage. Antioxidative effect of CGM-K increased with the addition level of kimchi in system. And also in the model systems which were prepared with cooked ground meat and kimchi whose fermentation period is different, the antioxidative effect of well ripened and properly fermented kimchi was higher than that of unripened kimchi during the lipid oxidation process of model systems. These results suggested that kimchi especially the properly femented kimchi in the systems plays an important roles as an antioxidative activity on the lipid oxidation of cooked ground meat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.993-997
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative effect of different kinds of kimchi on the lipid oxidation of cooked meat in model systems. Model systems of cooked ground meat(CGM), CGM-Chinese cabbage kimchi(CK), CGM-radish kimchi(RK), and CGM-mustard leaf kimchi(MLK) were prepared and their oxidation were evaluated during the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of CGM significantly increased with the storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values of CGM significantly increased with the storage time, however, TBA value of CGM-CK, CGM-RK, and CGM-MLK lowered and that of CGM-MLK was lowest. Antioxidative effect of CGM-MLK increased with the addition levels of kimchi in the system. And also in the model systems which were prepared with CGM and MLK in different fermentation periods, the antioxidative effect was highest in the properly fermented-kimchi.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of short-term presalting on pink color and pigment characteristics in ground chicken breasts after cooking. Four salt levels (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) were presalted and stored for 0 and 3 d prior to cooking. Cooking yield was increased as salt level was increased. However, no significant differences in pH values or oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of cooked chicken breasts were observed. Cooked products with more than 2% of salt level had less redder (lower CIE $a^*$ value) on day 3 than on those on day 0. As salt level was increased to 2%, myoglobin was denatured greatly. Myoglobin denaturation was leveled off when samples had 3% of salt. With increasing salt levels, residual nitrite contents were increased while nitrosyl hemochrome contents were decreased. These results demonstrate that salt addition to a level of more than 2% to ground meat may reduce the redness of cooked products and that presalting storage longer than 3 d should be employed to develop a natural pink color of ground chicken products when less than 1% salt is added to ground chicken meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ageing time of lamb loins prior to freezing on technological characteristics and oxidation stability of coarse ground lamb loin sausage using in a model system. Methods: Lamb loins (M. longissimus lumborum, n = 25) were aged at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 8 wk and then frozen for the remaining days (a total of 30 wk). The aged/frozen/thawed lamb loins were ground, and model sausages were formulated with 75% aged/frozen/thawed lamb loin, 25% water, 1.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate. The pH and thaw/purge loss of aged/frozen/thawed lamb loins were evaluated, and protein functionality (protein solubility and emulsifying capacity), water-holding capacity and textural properties of model sausages were determined. Cooked model sausages were vacuum-packaged in a plastic bag and displayed under continuous fluorescent natural white light ($3^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Colour and lipid oxidation of the cooked model sausages were evaluated on 0 and 21 d of display storage. Results: Ageing prior to freezing had no impact on pH and purge/thaw loss of lamb loins and the colour of cooked sausages (p>0.05) made from the loins. Lamb loins aged for at least 3 wk prior to freezing numerically improved total and myofibrillar protein solubilities (p>0.05) and emulsion activity index (p = 0.009) of meat batter, but decreased cooking loss (p = 0.003) and lipid oxidation (p<0.05) of model sausages. Conclusion: This study suggests that post-mortem ageing of raw meat prior to freezing could improve water-holding capacity and lipid oxidative stability of sausage made from the meat.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape skin on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of ground pork meat. Methods: Four types of ground pork were evaluated: T0 without grape skin, T1 with 0.3% grape skin, T2 with 0.7% grape skin, and T3 with 1.0% grape skin. Results: There was no significant group wise difference in VBN content, L-value, b-value, chemical composition of raw and cooked meat, cooking yield, water holding capacity, moisture retention, fat retention, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, taste, texture, juiciness, or palatability. Total polyphenol content was highest in T3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in T2 and T3 (p<0.001). The pH was highest in T0, and was lowest in T3 (p<0.001). The a-value of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T0 (p<0.05). Flavor was highest in T2 among samples (p<0.01). Conclusion: The study results suggest that grape skin may be a useful ingredient in ground pork meat in terms of antioxidant potential, color and flavor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1764-1769
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• 2000

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the antioxidant effect of nitrite on total, neutral, and polar lipids and fatty acid composition in laboratory-cooked ground pork. Muscle samples (Biceps femoris) were analyzed using Iatroscan, gas chromatography, phosphorus content, and TBARS value. The total and neutral lipid contents of muscle were higher in nitrite-untreated meat (0 ppm) than in nitrite-treated meat (100 ppm) but the reverse was observed for polar lipid contents. The results for neutral lipids showed a similar trend when compared with total lipids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contents of total, neutral and polar lipid in 100 ppm treated meat were higher than that of 0 ppm. The phosphorus content was higher in 100 ppm meat than in 0 ppm but the reverse was observed for TBARS value. These results showed that the addition of 100 ppm nitrite to ground pork resulted in a remarkable antioxidant effect during refrigeration storage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2008

본 연구는 미강 식이섬유의 첨가 수준이 분쇄형 돈육 육제품의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 분쇄형 육제품의 단백질 함량은 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 수분함량은 미강 식이섬유 2% 처리구가 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 회분함량은 미강 식이섬유를 첨가함에 따라 높아졌지만, 지방함량은 대조구가 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 미강 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. pH는 가열전과 가열 후 모두 미강 식이섬유를 첨가한 처리구들이 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, 가열전 명도와 적색도는 대조구와 비교하여 처리구들이 높은 수치를 나타냈으나 황색도는 처리구들이 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 가열감량은 미강 식이섬유 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며, 직경감소율은 처리구들이 유의적으로 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 보수력은 가열전과 가열후에서 대조구 보다 2% 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 경도는 2% 처리구에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 탄력성, 응집성, 겁성 및 씹음성은 대조구와 비교하여 2%와 3% 처리구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 관능적 특성도 모든 항목에서 2% 처리구가 높은 접수를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 돈육 분쇄형 육제품에 2-3%의 미강 식이섬유를 첨가하면 물성, 가열감량, 직경감소율 및 보수력과 관능적으로 가장 우수한 육제품을 제조할 수 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2004

가열방법과 포장방법이 저장기간 동안 칠면조육 패티의 지방산화(TBARS)와 콜레스테롤 산화물 함량에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여, 칠면조 다리육을 분쇄하여 패티를 제조하였다. 칠면조육 패티는 5가지 가열방법(oven cooking, pan frying, deep frying, boiling, microwaving)으로 가열한 후 각각 함기포장과 진공포장한 후 저장하면서 시험에 공시하였다. 지방산패도는 함기포장과 진공포장 모두 저장초기에는 boiling 방법이 유의적으로(P < 0.05) 높게 나타났으나, 저장 말기에는 microwaving 방법이 가장 높은 지방산패도를 나타내었다(P < 0.05). 총 콜레스테롤 산화물의 량은 전 저장기간동안 boiling 방법이 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었고(P < 0.05), microwaving 방법이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P < 0.05).각각의 콜레스테롤 산화물의 함량을 보면,7$\alpha$-hydroxycholesterol은 pan frying 방법이 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었고(P < 0.05), microwaving 방법이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P < 0.05). $\lpha$-epoxide의 량은 boiling 방법이 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었으며, pan frying 방법에서 가장 높게 나타났다(P < 0.05). $\beta$-epoxide 함량은 pan frying 방법이 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었으며(P < 0.05), deep frying 방법과 microwaving 방법에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P < 0.05). 또한 7-ketocholesterol의 함량은 microwaving 방법에서 가장 높게 나타났다(P < 0.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 1986

우육(牛肉) 지방질의 산화에 미치는 간장의 항산화작용(抗酸化作用)을 살펴보기 위하여 GCM(ground and cooked meat), GCM-water, GCM-brine, GCM-soybean sauce system들을 $6^{\circ}C$에서 5주간 저장하면서 TBA 값, 과산화물값, 지방산 조성 및 관능검사를 행하였다. 저장 기간 중 TBA값 및 과산화물값의 경우 GCM-soybean sauce system에서는 거의 변화가 없이 낮았으나 기타 system에서는 현저한 증가 현상이 있었으며 특히 GCM-brine system에서 심하였다. 각 system들의 지방산 조성에서는 모노엔지방산 및 폴리엔 지방산의 함량이 변화하였으며, 저장 후 중성지방질 획분에서는 리놀레산이, 또한 인지방질 획분에서는 아라키돈산의 함량이 상대적으로 감소하여 저장 중 산패가 상당히 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 GCM-soybean sauce system에서 가장 그 변화가 적었다. 그리고 관능검사에서 나타난 변패취는 GCM-water 및 GCM system에서 2주 후에 각각 나타났으며 5주후에는 system 모두에서 나타났으나 GCM-soybean Sauce System에서 가장 낮은 변패취 생성 결과를 보였다. 그러므로 이와 같은 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 간장은 우육(牛肉) 지방질의 산화 억제 효과가 현저한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.331-345
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• 2023

The effects of pink inhibiting ingredients (PII) to eliminate the pink color defect in cooked turkey breast produced from presalted and stored raw ground turkey in the absence or presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) were examined. Ground turkey breast was mixed with 2% sodium chloride and vacuum packaged. After storage for 6 d, ten PII were individually incorporated without or with added STP (0.5%) as follows: none (control), citric acid (CA; 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), calcium chloride (CC; 0.025%, 0.05%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA; 0.005%, 0.01%), and sodium citrate (SC; 0.5%, 1.0%). Treatments were cooked at a fast or slow cooking rate, cooled, and stored before analysis. All PII tested were capable of lowering inherent pink color compared to the control (No STP: CIE a^* pooled day reduction of 23.0%, 5.2%, 12.6%, and 12.6% for CA, CC, EDTA, and SC, respectively; STP: reduction of 21.5%, 17.4%, 6.0%, and 18.2% for CA, CC, EDTA, and SC, respectively). For samples without STP, fast cooking rate resulted in higher CIE a^*. However, slow cooking resulted in more red products than fast cooking when samples included STP. Presalting and storage of ground turkey caused the pink discoloration in uncured, cooked turkey (CIE a^* 6.24 and 5.12 for without and with STP). This pink discoloration can be decreased by inclusion of CA, CC, EDTA, or SC, but incorporation of CA decreased cooking yield. In particular, the addition of SC may provide some control without negatively impacting the cooking yield.