• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1798-1807
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• 2017

The differentiations in nitrogen-converting activity and microbial community structure between granular size fractions in a continuous completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor, having a superior specific nitrogen removal rate of $0.24g/(g\;VSS{\cdot}h)$, were investigated by batch tests and high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis, respectively. Results revealed that a high dissolved oxygen concentration (>1.8 mg/l) could result in efficient nitrite accumulation with small granules (0.2-0.6 mm in diameter), because aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Nitrosomonas) predominated therein. Meanwhile, intermediate size granules (1.4-2.0 mm in diameter) showed the highest nitrogen removal activity of $40.4mg/(g\;VSS{\cdot}h)$ under sufficient oxygen supply, corresponding to the relative abundance ratio of aerobic to anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Candidatus Kuenenia) of 5.7. Additionally, a dual substrate competition for oxygen and nitrite would be considered as the main mechanism for repression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the few Nitrospira spp. did not remarkably affect the overall performance of the reactor. Because all the granular size fractions could accomplish the CANON process independently under oxygen limiting conditions, maintaining a diversity of granular size would facilitate the stability of the suspended growth CANON system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

Oscillating water column is the most widely used ocean energy converting systems all over the world. The operating performance is influenced by the efficiencies of the two converting stages in the OWC chamber-turbine integrated system. In order to consider the effects of the turbine, the orifice model are carried out. The VOF based Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) is utilized to simulate the water column oscillation inside the chamber and the results are compared with corresponding experimental data. This paper reviews the state of the art in interaction among wave elevation inside the chamber and air flow rate in the duct, which are considered the turbine effects. Effects of incident wave conditions and several shape parameters on the operating performance of OWC chamber are investigated numerically. The effects of the impulse turbine on the integrated system and interaction among the wave elevation, pressure and air flow velocities variations are investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.725-731
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• 2014

This study aims to find the correlation the low-molecule fucoidan for cancer prevention with an accelerated formation of cotinine. In the presence of fucoidan, a nicotine to cotinine coversion was studied in established assay, direct mixture method and Hep-G2 cell line method. Fucoidan of $1{\mu}g/mL$ showed the potential effect for converting nicotine to cotinine in the direct mixture method compared to control. Increase of conversion rate at the treatment of fucoidan is exhibited as 15 times compared to control. In Hep-G2 cell treatment, fucoidan showed the potential activity for converting nicotine to cotinine as 6 times compared to control. Therefore, fucoidan was shown to be effective in the conversion of nicotine into cotinine even though it is not higher content of polyphenol and flavonoid than its of green tea extract.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2020

Fermented products, including sausages, provide several health benefits, particularly when probiotics are used in the fermentation process. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity (against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cell lines), antihypertensive activity via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidant capacity, antidiabetic activity via α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, proteolysis rate, and oxidative degradation of fermented camel and beef sausages in vitro by the novel probiotic Lactococcus lactis KX881782 isolated from camel milk. Moreover, camel and beef sausages fermented with commercial starter culture alone were compared to those fermented with commercial starter culture combined with L. lactis. The degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity against Caco-2 and MCF-7, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibitory activities were higher (p<0.05) in fermented camel sausages than beef sausages. In contrast, the water and lipid peroxidation activity were lower (p<0.05) in camel sausages than beef sausages. L. lactis enhanced the health benefits of the fermented camel sausages. These results suggest that camel sausage fermented with the novel probiotic L. lactis KX881782 could be a promising functional food that relatively provides several health benefits to consumers compared with fermented beef sausage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.460-465
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• 2005

Water and ethanol extracts from Rue were prepared, and their growth inhibiting activity against Helicobacter pylori and other biological activities were examined. Total phenolic compounds in the water and ethanol extracts were present at the concentration of 16.39 mg/g, and 17.07 mg/g, respectively. At the concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ of phenolic compounds concentration, water extract produced 12 mm inhibition zone while ethanol extract produced 13 mm. The ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined for extracts from Rue. Water extracts showed $96\%$ inhibition rate on ABTS, but ethanol extracts showed higher PF (1.2) than water extracts (0.8). Water extracts had higher electron donation ability on DPPH than ethanol extracts. But ethanol extracts had higher ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than water extracts. Rosemarinic acid and quercetin were the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

Amelanchier asiatica fruits have been used as a traditional medical food. This research was investigated to assess angiotensin converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XOase) and elastase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities. The content of total phenolic compounds in A. asiatica fruits extracts was 17.6mg/mL. In extracts, the electron donating ability by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 90.18% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization of A. asiatica fruits extracts was 98.81% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition rate of the antioxidant protection factor was 1.03, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was 73.27% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The XOase inhibition activity of A. asiatica fruits extracts of showed to be 13.19% at $200{\mu}g/mL$. The angiotensin converting enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by A. asiatica fruits extracts as 82.52% inhibitory rate at $200{\mu}g/mL$. Elastase inhibitory activity in the A. asiatica fruits extracts (41.48% at $200{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than vitamin C (12.8% at $200{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that A. asiatica fruits extracts have the greatest property as a functional food and functional cosmetic source.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.506-513
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• 2004

Spirulina produces $\gamma$-linolenic acid (GLA), an important pharmaceutical substance, in a relatively low level compared with fungi and plants, prompting more research to improve its GLA yield. In this study, metabolic flux analysis was applied to determine the cellular metabolic flux distributions in the GLA synthetic pathways of two Spiru/ina strains, wild type BP and a high­GLA producing mutant Z19/2. Simplified pathways involving the GLA synthesis of S. platensis formulated comprise of photosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the anaplerotic pathway, the tricarboxylic cycle, the GLA synthesis pathway, and the biomass syn­thesis pathway. A stoichiometric model reflecting these pathways contains 17 intermediates and 22 reactions. Three fluxes - the bicarbonate (C-source) uptake rate, the specific growth rate, and the GLA synthesis rate - were measured and the remaining fluxes were calculated using lin­ear optimization. The calculation showed that the flux through the reaction converting acetyl­CoA into malonyl-CoA in the mutant strain was nearly three times higher than that in the wild­type strain. This finding implies that this reaction is rate controlling. This suggestion was sup­ported by experiments, in which the stimulating factors for this reaction $(NADPH\;and\;MgCl_{2})$ were added into the culture medium, resulting in an increased GLA-synthesis rate in the wild type strain.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.2C
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

Ultra-wideband communication systems for impulse radio have merits that are possible for either high resolution ranging system or radio determination. Conventionally, in order to accomplish these functions, the rapid analog to digital convertor (ADC) is necessary to apply radio determination system operating in time domain. However, considering that low rate - wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) aims to low-cost hardware implementation, the expensive ADC converting GHz sampling per second is not appropriate. So, this paper introduces the high resolution ranging system operating in frequency domain with using low sampling rate ADC, and a new non-coherent ranging scheme utilizing analog Frequency Modulation (FM) mode for the frequency domain transformation. To verify the superiority of the proposed ranging algorithm working in frequency domain, the suggested IEEE 802.15.4a TG channel model is used to exploit affirmative features of the proposed algorithm with conducting the simulation results.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-100
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• 2008

For the purpose of evaluating dose rate to individual due to long-term release of nuclides from the HLW repository, a biosphere assessment model and the implemented code, ACBIO, based on BIOMASS methodology have been developed by utilizing AMBER, a general compartment modeling tool. To show its practicability and usability as well as to see the sensitivity of compartment scheme or parametric variation to concentration and activity in compartments as well as annual flux between compartments at their peak values, some calculations are made and investigated: For each case when changing the structure of compartments and GBIs as well as varying selected input Kd values, all of which seem very important among others, dose rate per nuclide release rate is separately calculated and analyzed. From the maximum dose rates (Bq/y), flux-to-dose conversion factors (Sv/Bq) for each nuclide were derived, which are to be used for converting the nuclide release rate appearing from the geosphere through various GBIs to dose rate (Sv/y) for individual in critical group. It has been also observed that compartment scheme, identification of possible exposure group and GBIs could be all highly sensitive to the final consequences in biosphere modeling.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2000

Purpose: Cyclosporine(CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant but the use of CsA is associated with various side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. In tile kidney, salt depletion activates tile renin-angiotensin-aldosteron(RAS) system and accentuates chronic CsA nephropathy. We postulate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) can prevent chronic CsA nephropathy, since ACEI may inhibit this cascades. This study was aimed to assess the effect of ACEI on chronic cyclosporin nephropathy in salt depleted rats. Methods: 36 Fischer-344 rats were divided into 6 goups. Group I received normal salt diet(NSD). Group II received a low salt diet(LSD). Group III received CsA with a NSD. Group IV received CsA with a LSD. Group V received NSD+CsA with ACEI. Group VI received LSD+CsA with ACEI. Rats were sacrificed after six weeks and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR), serum sodium, potassium and whole blood cyclosporine levels were measured. Renal tissues me sampled for the observation of histological changes. Results: No differences in blood CsA level & serum sodium were found between groups during the course of this experiment. Serum potassium in group VI was significantly increased compared with group IV and V (P<0.05). In groups treated with CsA only and in those where CsA was combined with ACEI, GFR was found to be significantly more decreased in LSD than NSD, and GFR in group V was significantly decreased in comparison with group III (P<0.05). Renal histologic lesions associated with CsA which consisted of cortical interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hyalinization of arterioles were more severe in tile LSD group. But, no differences were observed between tile groups treated with CsA and ACEI, and the groups treated with only CsA. Conclusion: Salt depletion associated with the activation of the RAS system accentuated chronic CsA nephrotoxicity, but, ACEI could not reduce the functional and morphological changes of salt depleted kidneys, in which nephropathy can be exacerbated in spite of the blocking of the angiotensin II pathway. further studies are required to elucidate whether Am ameliorated the effect of salt-depleted CsA nephrotoxicity upon the effective renal blood flow.