• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to develop a valid and reliable Classification System for Critical Care Nursing (CSCCN) to be used in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: Head nurses and staff nurses of 17 ICUs in 6 hospitals classified 307 patients to verify interrater reliability. To verify construct validity, the staff nurses classified 404 patients according to CSCCN comparing difference in medical department and type of stay in ICU. For conversion index, 78 patients from 4 ICUs of 'S' hospital were classified and nursing time was measured by 107 nurses and 18 nurse aids using stopwatches. Results: The developed CSCCN has 11 categories, 76 nursing activities and 101 criteria. The reliability was verified as having high agreement (r=.946). The construct validity was verified comparing differences in medical department and type of stay in ICU. According to scores, four groups in the CSCCN classification were identified. According to the conversion index, one score on the CSCCN means 7.2 minutes of nursing time. Conclusion: CSCCN can be used to measure diverse and complex nursing demands including psycho-social aspects of ICU patients and convert nursing demands to numbers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to find an analytic solution to the problem of determining the optimal capacity of a batch-storage network to meet demand for finished products in a system undergoing joint random variations of operating time and batch material loss. The superstructure of the plant considered here consists of a network of serially and/or parallel interlinked batch processes and storage units. The production processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. The final product demand flow is susceptible to joint random variations in the cycle time and batch size. The production processes have also joint random variations in cycle time and product quantity. The spoiled materials are treated through regeneration or waste disposal processes. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis the PSW (Periodic Square Wave) model, provides a judicious graphical method to find the upper and lower bounds of random flows. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is significantly reduced. The proposed method has the potential to rapidly provide very useful data on which to base investment decisions during the early plant design stage. It should be of particular use when these decisions must be made in a highly uncertain business environment.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 차대동력계 시험에서 수집한 자동차 배출가스자료를 엔진동력계에서 측정되는 동력계 단위로 변환하는 방법을 제안하였다. 엔진동력계 시험은 소요시간이 길고 비용이 높아 적용이 제한적일 경우 간편한 방법인 차대동력계 시험이 선호될 수 있다. 환산 방법은 거리기준 배출가스 자료에 모드 엔진효율을 고려하여 동력단위로 환산하는 방법이며 CO2 성분에 대해서 적용한 결과 환산 결과와 측정 결과 사이에 우수한 상관성을 확인하였다. 이 방법을 해외자료에 적용할 경우 CO2 배출성능에 대해 0.1% 이내로 일치함을 보였으나 CO, NOx 및 THC 와 같은 미량 배출성분 들은 같은 환산방법을 적용하기에는 상관성이 다소 떨어지며 추가적인 고려가 필요함을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1642-1649
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on the growth performance, nutrients utilization and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chicks (n=480) were equally devided into eight treatment groups and fed maize or wheat based isocaloric, isonitrogenous and isocalcium diets having two non phytate phosphorus (NPP) concentrations (0.50% and 0.30%) and two phytase levels (0 and 500 phytase units/kg diet) in a 42 days growth trial. Maize based dietary treatments were MC (NPP 0.50%, MN (NPP 0.30%), MNP (MN+500 units of phytase) and MCP (MC+500 units of phytase), whereas wheat based experimental diets were WC (NPP 0.50%), WN (NPP 0.30%), WNP (WN+500 units of phytase) and WCP (WC+500 units of phytase). The NPP levels were maintained by dicalcium phosphate. Reduction in dietary NPP depressed live weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). Phytase supplementation to low NPP (0.30%) diets significantly (p<0.05) improved the growth performances of broilers. The supplementation to low NPP diets allowed complete, safe and economic replacement of dietary inorganic P (dicalcium phosphate) to reduce feed cost per kg live weight gain of broilers. Reduction in dietary NPP did not affect retention of nutrients except phosphorus (P) but had a significant (p<0.05) depression in tibia ash and minerals (Ca, P) concentration in serum and tibia ash. Phytase supplementation at low NPP level was effective (p<0.05) in improving the retention of dry matter, Ca and P and Ca and P concentration in serum and tibia ash. However, the supplementation was not effective at high level of NPP (0.50%). There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in carcass quality among dietary treatments. The response of phytase was greater in low NPP and maize based diets as compared with high NPP and wheat based diets, respectively. The results show that phytase supplementation to low NPP (0.30%) diets improved the growth performance, relative retention of nutrients (N, Ca and P) and minerals (Ca, P) status of blood and bone in broiler chickens, with a better efficacy in maize based diets.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

본 논문은 유선용으로 작성된 웹 문서를 모바일용 단말기에서 서비스가 가능하도록 유선 콘텐츠를 모바일 콘텐츠로 변환하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 유선 콘텐츠는 일반적으로 Pop-Up광고창, 불필요한 이미지, 유용하지 못한 링크들로 꾸며져 있어서 유선 환경에 비해 낮은 대역폭, 메모리, 스크린 크기를 갖고 있는 모바일 단말기상에 프리젠테이션이 어려울 뿐만 아니라 모바일 사용자들에게 직접 콘텐츠에 접근하는 것을 혼란스럽게 하고 있다. 그러므로 유선 웹 문서로부터 유용하고 적절한 콘텐츠를 추출하고 이를 모바일 단말기의 특성에 맞춤식으로 제공하는 요구가 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 WAP 2,0과 여기에 채용된 콘텐츠 생성 언어인 XHTML Basic을 기반으로 한 콘텐츠 변환 시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템의 콘텐츠 변환 방식은 유선 웹 문서를 경량화한 후, 기존의 변환 방식인 필터 방식 변환 규칙을 적용하였다. 그리고 적용된 변환 규칙은 수정과 삭제가 쉽게 처리될 수 있도록 XHTML Basic의 모듈단위 기반을 사용하였으며, 또한 변환의 확장성 및 문서의 유효성을 유지하기 위하여 변환 규칙은 XSLT 기술의 XSL 문서 내에 정의하였다. 또한 WAP 1,X의 Legacy한 서비스와의 연동을 위해 CC/PP 프로파일 및 단말기 헤더 정보를 분석하는 모듈을 갖도록 시스템을 구성하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1550-1553
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• 2007

The functional characteristics of a ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) excreted from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. BL-31 that is highly specific for the intermolecular transglycosylation of bioflavonoids were investigated. The new ${\beta}$-CGTase showed high specificities for glycosyl acceptor bioflavonoids, including naringin, rutin, and hesperidin, and especially naringin. The transglycosylation of naringin into glycosyl naringin was then carried out under the conditions of 80 units of CGTase per gram of maltodextrin, 5 g/l of naringin, 25 g/l of maltodextrin, and 1 mM $Mn^{2+}$ ion at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h, resulting in a high conversion yield of 92.1%.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2010

A new current-balancing multi-channel LED driver is proposed in this paper. The conventional LED driver system consists of three cascaded power conversion stages and its driver stage has the same number of expensive boost converters as those of the LED channels. On the other hand, the proposed LED driver system consists of two cascaded power stages and its driver stage requires only passive devices instead of expensive boost converters. Nevertheless, all of the currents through multi-channel LEDs can be well balanced. Therefore, it features a smaller system size, improved efficiency, and lower cost. To confirm the validity of the proposed driver, its operation and performance are verified on a prototype for a 46" LCD TV.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.565-566
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• 2003

The clinical performance of light polymerized composite resins is greatly influenced by the quality of the light curing unit used. Commonly used halogen light curing units(LCUs) have some specific drawbacks such as decreasing light output with time. To overcome this, the blue LED LCUs are newly developed and introduced. The purpose of this study was to observe the reaction kinetics and the degree of polymerization of composite resins when cured by different light sources and to evaluate the effectiveness of the blue LED LCUs compared with conventional halogen LCUs.(omitted)

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2016

Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used for biomechanics in sports activities and AHRS(Attitude and Heading Reference System) is a more cost effective solution than conventional high-grade IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) that only integrate gyroscopes. In this paper, we attach the AHRS to the snowboard to measure the motion data like Air To Fakie, Caballerial and Free Style. In order to reduce the measurement error, we have adopted the sensors equipped with Kalman filtering and also used Euler angle to quaternion conversion to reduce the Gimbal-lock effect. We have tested and evaluated the accuracy and execution time of the pattern recognition algorithms like PCA, ICA, LDA, SVM to show the recognition possibility of it on the basic motions of Snowboarding from the 9-axis trajectory information which is gathered from AHRS sensor. With the result, PCA, ICA have low accuracy, but SVM have good accuracy to use for recognition of basic motions of Snowboarding.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.443-449
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• 1995

N-(Isopropyloxycarbonyloxy)maleimide (iPOCMI) has been synthesized and polymerized to give both the homopolymer and copolymers with substituted styrenes. These polymers were readily deprotected by thermolysis of the isopropyloxycarbonyl (iPOC) groups to provide the corresponding N-hydroxymaleimide (HOMI) polymers. The homopolymer and styrenic copolymers of iPOCMI were radically obtained in higher conversion and higher molecular weight than those obtained by direct polymerizations of N-hydroxymaleimide. The homopolymer of iPOCMI was transformed into poly(N-hydroxymaleimide)P(HOMI) by thermolysis of iPOC groups at 205 $^{\circ}C$ with concurrent release of propene and carbon dioxide. The copolymer of iPOCMI and styrene was thermally deprotected to the copolymer of HOMI and styrene at 235 $^{\circ}C.$ The mass loss was 28% and the Tg of the resulting copolymer was 250 $^{\circ}C.$ The thermal deprotection readily provided the desired, polar HOMI polymers which have Tgs above 240 $^{\circ}C.$ The deprotection was accompanied by large changes in aqueous base solubility.