• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 침지쌀을 $90-100^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 1, 2차 증숙한 다음 $0-10^{\circ}C$의 냉장저온에서 숙성하는 1단계 처리와 이어 상대습도 85%, $-20^{\circ}C$에서 냉동하는 2단계 그리고 $1-20^{\circ}C$의 상압에서 5 m/s 풍속으로 저온 건조하는 3단계로 구성된 최종 수분함량 30% 인복원용 밥의 제조방법은 기존 열풍건조 대비 관능품질을 향상시키고 상온 3개월 내외의 보관을 가능하게 하였다. 구체적인 효과는 2단계 증숙 및 저온 장시간 건조 과정을 통해 개선된 복원용 밥의 수분함량이 기존 건조밥의 7% 대비 4.3배 높고 쌀알의 고유 형태가 잘 유지되어 있어 취식을 위한 열수 복원시 전반맛, 식감과 외관이 관능평가에서 통계적 유의 있게 향상되었다(p<0.05). 또한 수분 30% 수준은 최적의 관능품질을 나타내면서 미생물 생육을 저해하여 저장성을 향상시키는 조건으로 파악되었다. 이러한 품질 및 저장성 향상 효과가 있는 처리 방법을 멥쌀, 찹쌀, 밀, 콩, 메밀 및 보리 등의 다양한 곡물을 이용한 복원용 밥 제품의 제조에 적용할 수 있어 상업적 활용성이 매우 높다고 할 수 있다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2019

Insect-resistant transgenic (Bt-9) rice was generated by inserting mCry1Ac1, a modified gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, into the genome of a conventional variety of rice (Ilmi). With regard to potential problems such as safety, an evaluation of non-target organisms is necessary as an essential element of an environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. We studied the effects of the Bt-9 rice on the survival of cantor Daphnia magna, a commonly used model organism in ecotoxicological studies. D. magna fed on the Bt-transgenic rice (Bt-9) and its near non-GM counterparts (Ilmi) grown in the same environment (a 100% ground rice suspension). The Bt-9 rice was confirmed to have the inserted T-DNA and protein expression evident by the PCR and ELISA analyses. The feeding study showed a similar cumulative immobility and abnormal response of the Daphnia magna between the Bt-9 rice and Ilmi. Additionally, the 48 h-EC50 values of the Bt-9 and Ilmi rice were 4,400 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 3861.01 - 5015.01 mg/L) and 5,564 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 4780.03 - 6476.93 mg/L), respectively. The rice NOEC (No observed effect concentration) value for D. magna was suggested to be 1,620 mg/L. We conclude that the tested Bt-9 and Ilmi have a similar cumulative immobility for D. magna, a widely used model organism, and the growth of Bt-9 did not affect non-target insects.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of air-phase germination with water-spraying and anion stimuli on germination ratio, sprout growth and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of brown rice. Air-phase germination method with intermittent spraying water improved germination ratio and sprout growth by about 100% compared with the conventional water-soaking method. Anion radiation was applied during the germination process and improved the germination ratio, sprout growth and color quality of the germinated brown rice. Germination ratio and sprout growth were improved up to 9% with anion radiation, and its brightness was higher than brown rice germinated with no anion radiation. The air-phase germination with water-spraying improved the GABA content of germinated brown rice by about 8-9 times compared with that of brown rice.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제10권9호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2012

Purpose - Korean traditional markets are falling behind the times, because they have not met the demands of social changes including: an overall improvement in standards of living, shift in purchasing form and propagation of cars. It is one of the most indigenous and conventional foods of Korea, taking a seat far in the corner of Korean traditional culture. Research design / data / methodology - Korean traditional rice cakes however have their limits. They are produced and sold by independent shop owners who cannot compete with the brand power of franchise organizations. The leadership of adminstration is needed for these shop owners particularly in visual merchandising related to interior design and display. Results - Additionally, the advent of major company-run rice cake cafe adds fresh fuel to the problem in addition to small but luxurious packaging. Small business owners need packaging technology for overall quality improvement of sales of rice cakes. Additional help is needed with the mode of packing to promote sales and win consumer confidence. Conclusions - Further assistance with marketing for seasonal displays is needed as well as teaching business owners how to read graphic data. Regular specialized education for visual merchandising of rice cakes could help independent market owners win the competition against franchise-based organizations.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2011

In this study an automatic germinating system for germinated brown rice (GBR) was developed for accelerating germination and sprouting of brown rice. With the developed germinating system, the effects of anion radiation treatment on germination ratio, sprout growth, color quality and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of brown rice were investigated. This system can fast produce GBR by controlling the environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, and proper anion radiation. Air-phase germination with intermittent water spraying improved both germination ratio and sprout growth by about 2.2 and 2.3 times, respectively, compared to the conventional water soaking method. Our results strongly suggest that this germinating system that provides air-phase germination with intermittent water spraying and anion radiation can produce germinated brown rice with good color quality, high GABA content, and fast germination ratio as well as sprout growth.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2019

To determine none top soil covering in rice seedling nursery method for the sparse machine transplanting, four different sowing methods were tested. Shoot and root length, fresh weight, leaf number and color using leaf color chart(LCC) and SPAD were collected as the data comparison of methods. The seedling height showed the highest growth according to the conventional (230g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) > high sowing density 1 (290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) ≥ high sowing density 2(290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and none top-soil covering) > high sowing density 3(290g seed rate of iron-coated seeds and none top-soil covering). There was any statistical difference between groups in root length, leaf number, LCC, and SPAD values. Thus, a high sowing density of 290g for rice nursery seedling box was recommended to the sparse machine transplanting in rice cultivation with the none top-soil covering method, enabling convenient handling in transportation and machine transplanting work.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 2010

For sensitive and accurate gene expression analysis, normalization of gene expression data against housekeeping genes is required. There are conventional housekeeping gene (e.g. ACT) that primarily function as an internal control of transcription. In this study, we performed an in silico analysis of 278 rice gene expression samples (GSM) in order to identify the gene that is most consistently expressed. Based on this analysis, we identified novel candidate housekeeping genes that displayed improved stability among the cross experimental conditions. Furthermore four of the most conventional housekeeping genes were included in our 30 other housekeeping genes among the most stable genes. Therefore, these 30 genes can he used to normalize transcription results in gene expression studies on rice at a broad range of experimental conditions.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2013

최근 사회의 발전과 더불어 소비자들의 요구가 다양화되고, 환경에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 생산성 증대에서 환경 보전에 기여하는 농업으로의 전환의 필요성이 커지게 되었다. 유기농법과 관행농법과 같은 재배 방식의 차이는 생물 서식지에 다양한 영향을 끼치기 때문에 실제 유기농업이 생물에게 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해서 두 농법에 따른 생물다양성 차이를 비교할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 유기농법 지역과 관행농법 지역의 저서무척추동물의 군집 특성을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사 기간은 2009년부터 2011년까지였고 11개 지역을 조사 대상지로 하였다. 영농방법에 따라 개체수, 종수, 종구성 특성을 비교하였다. 저서무척추동물은 유기농법 지역에서 훨씬 많은 개체수와 종수가 기록되었으며, 종수와 개체수의 범위도 관행농법 지역에 비해 월등히 높은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히, 산림 지역으로 둘러싸인 지역에서 유기농법으로 재배할 경우 다른 경관적 요소로 둘러싸인 지역보다 저서무척추동물의 종수 및 개체수 증가에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 종다양성을 유지 또는 회복하기 위해서 농약과 같은 화학물질의 사용을 제한해야 하며, 특히, 산간 지역의 논생태계에서 유기농법으로 벼를 재배할 경우 저서무척추동물의 종다양성이 크게 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2019

Water and soil properties in paddy fields subjected to organic and conventional farming were characterized over the rice cycle in South Korea. To achieve the goals of this study, we sampled and analyzed soil and water from 24 organic paddy plots and 11 conventional paddy plots in March, May, August, and October 2016. The results were analyzed using statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The ANOVA results showed that water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$) in soil varied significantly (p < 0.01) depending on the farming method. Higher OM, EC, and $P_2O_5$ of soil were observed in the conventional paddies than in the organic paddies. All soil properties, except pH and ammonium, depended on seasonal variation. Cluster analysis revealed that soil properties in May were distinctly separated from those in other seasons mainly due to basal fertilization. The principal component analysis distinguished the soil properties in different seasons, but such a distinction was not observed between the soil properties in organic and conventional paddies. Low contents of WC, OM, and total N were observed in March. High concentrations of nitrate and total P were observed in May, but these were low in August and October. The soils from October were also characterized by high concentrations of EC and $P_2O_5$. These results indicate that the sampling time for soil and water can significantly influence the evaluation of soil properties with different farming methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.1469-1474
• /
• 2003

Twenty four weaner lambs, eight each of Marwari, Patanwadi and Merino${\times}$Patanwadi breeds (9.9 to 10.8 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary treatments on body weight basis Viz. $T_1$-conventional (Maize-38%, GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-24%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%) and $T_2$-supplemented non conventional group (GN Cake-25%, Rice Polish-14%, Mango seed kernel-25%, Babul Pods chuni-23%, Jaggery solution-10%, Mineral mixture-3%). The Jaggery solution was prepared by mixing 6.5 kg Jaggery and 3.5 kg water. The average final body weight at the end of the experiment was recorded to be $19.33{\pm}0.76$ and $19.72{\pm}0.8kg$ in conventional and non-conventional groups, respectively. The total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experiment period was recorded to be $89.56{\pm}5.19$ and $95.08{\pm}1.06$ (kg/head) and $532.83{\pm}9.94$ and $566.75{\pm}10.49g/d$ in conventional and nonconventional groups, respectively. The body weight gain and body measurements did not influenced by diet. The ration effect was found to be significant when the DMI was expressed in terms of g/d. The crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake/head and per kg gain observed during experiment under conventional and non-conventional treatment group did not differ from each other. However, the total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake per kg gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher in supplemented non-conventional group. The intake values of DCP and TDN were more or less in agreement with Indian Council Agricultural Research (1985) recommendations. The estimated total feed cost (Rs./animal) for experimental lambs was $274.16{\pm}8.57$ and $242.67{\pm}5.10$ in conventional and non- group, respectively. The non-conventional group had significantly (p<0.05) lower feed cost (11.6%). The return as percent of feed cost and feed cost/kg dressed weight were $92.89{\pm}5.58$ (%) and Rs. $35.40{\pm}1.11$ and $122.61{\pm}5.06$ (%) and Rs.$30.47{\pm}1.71$ in conventional and non-conventional group (p<0.05), respectively which is the reflection of significantly lower total feed cost incurred during feeding in non-conventional group. Lambs fed non-conventional based diet had similar live weights as those fed conventional diets but costed less money to achieve those weights.