• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological and ecological characters of rice cultivars suitable for low fertilized condition. 5 rice cultivars(Jinmibyeo, Sobibyeo, Hwayeongbyeo, Nagdongbyeo and Junambyeo) were cultivated for selection under 3 different nitrogen application levels, and 1 cultivars were selected. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; High yielded rice cultivars under low N application level were Junambyeo, Jinheng and Sobibyeo. Also these cultivars were yielded highly under conventional level(11kg/10a). Milled rice yield under conventional level(11kg/10a) was positively correlated with them under low N levels. Milled rice yield was most affected by no. of grain/m². Rice cultivars that were high crop growth rate(CGR) before heading stage were Junambyeo, Sobibyeo and Nagdongbyeo. Grain filling rate was increased mostly until 20 days after heading, and decreased after this stage. Nitrogen use efficiency was higher under low N level(5.5kg/10a) than conventional level(11kg/10a). Especially, Junambyeo was most low in Apparent recovery of applied N(AR) under low N application level, but most high in Agronomic N use efficiency(ANUE). This characteristics of Junambyeo will to be useful for selection of variety suitable for growing under low fertilized condition.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.175-189
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• 2004

There are many assertions related to biotechnology and genetically modified organisms(GMOs). Some experts have asserted that GM foods could be dangerous and that there is no reliable evidence that have been demonstrated safe through appropriate tests, and the others asserted these foods are as safe and nutritions as their conventional counterparts. The objectives of this study was to study an societal implications of biotechnology and GMOs in agriculture. To keep the balance in mind the researcher examined not only usefulness but also harmfulness of GMOs, along with the developmental process of biotechnology industry. It was observed that basically, multinational corporations developed GMOs to maximize their profit, and strengthened their control on agriculture and food through GMOs, as observed in alliance among big multinational corporations' food chain cluster and systems. Under the situation, farmers were losing their status as independent producer and were becoming propertied labor for multinational corporation through contract farming. If these trends continuous in the future, multinational corporations will have the control of genetic resources, these may bring about reduction of bio-diversity, thus may lead the opposite direction to eco-friendly agriculture. If multinational corporations' tendency to suppress the latent harmfulness for the profit continuous further, this may lead the degradation phase of farming and agriculture, thus leading negative socio-economic effects as well as culture and religion.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

One of the most pressing socioeconomic problems confronting humanity on a worldwide scale is food security, particularly in light of the expanding population and declining land productivity. These causes have increased the number of people in the world who are at risk of starving and have caused the natural ecosystems to degrade at previously unheard-of speeds. Happily, the Internet of Things (IoT) development provides a glimmer of light for those worried about food security through smart agriculture-a development that is particularly relevant to automating food production operations in order to reduce labor expenses. When compared to conventional farming techniques, smart agriculture has the benefit of maximizing resource use through precise chemical input application and regulation of environmental factors like temperature and humidity. Farmers may make data-driven choices about the possibility of insect invasion, natural disasters, anticipated yields, and even prospective market shifts with the use of smart farming tools. The technical foundation of smart agriculture serves as a potential response to worries about food security. It is made up of wireless sensor networks and integrated cloud computing modules inside IoT.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.264-273
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

Saved labor cost, energy conservation, reduced soil erosion, and increase of emergence rate would be expected from no-tillage cultivation of corn. Few research has been reported on the no-tillage effects for waxy corn hybrid. Five waxy com hybrids were tested under conventional and no-tillage practices to investigate responses of early growth, plant characters, ear characters, fresh yield, and grain yield. Emergence rates under no-tillage were lower than under conventional tillage. Plant heights at early growth stages under no-tillage were higher than those under conventional tillage. Plant height under no-tillage was higher than that under conventional tillage. There were no differences between conventional tillage and no-tillage for ear length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight, fresh yield, and grain yield. This result indicates that no-tillage practice might be recommended for practical method for waxy com production. Days to tasseling and silking, plant height, ear height, ear length, and number of kernels per row were correlated with fresh and grain yields.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1992

The definitions of organic farming method has rather philosophical meaning than application of agricultural practices. The meaning of organic farming method has certainly basic differences in comparison with the conventional farming methods. The main definitions of organec farming method have certainly to reduce or not to apply any kinds of farm inputs materials by increasing quality of agricultural prod-ucts. However, the quality of produced food by organic farming method should be improved in compari-son with cinvethional farming method. By applying organic method, the qualith of food, envir-onment as well as spiritual attitude of human being should be improved in future. Actually, there are very wide fields of research on organic farming methods such as production tech-niques, soil and water conservation, plant and animal production, marketing and consumers behavior on organic products. In this article the present situation of organic farming methods in the United States of Americal is investigated in cimparison with conventional rice production. The production cost of rice per acre in the United States of America mde 58, 788 Won in 1986, while it was 121, 699 Won in Korea having about 107 percent higher in Korea than tham the U.S.A There is a larger rice farm cost analysis between conventional and organic rice farm in California. The cash cost pre 1 lbs of conventional rice made 4.86 $, while the organic rice was 6.96$ showing about 43.2%higher level of cost in organic products(1 lbs=0.45359kg) At present, there is less econmic advantage of organic rice production in California because of lower yields as well as price levels, Therefore, the total net return over cash cost peracer/yeat was a little lower in organic rice production than conventional rice prouction.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to find what difficulties the agricultural successors, the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries (KNCAF) graduates, face with in implementing eco-friendly agriculture in Jeju, and what solutions they can be provided with. This research, a case study on the basis of open-ended survey questions, has 6 cases out of 8 graduates who have or had implemented eco-friendly citrus farming. In Jeju, 24 graduates have involved in citrus farming. According to the case study, only one case was environment-friendly farming method at the pesticide-free level, and the others at organic farming level. All the cases have tried to alter main crops or to diversify management for coping with global climate change and market-opening. On analyzing operating cost to gain product of merchantable quality, it revealed that the environment-friendly farming method needs much more managing efforts than the conventional farming does. But to the contrary, the materials cost in the environment-friendly farming method was lower than in the conventional farming method. In the total production and the price, the environment-friendly farming was 20~50% lower and 10~50% higher than the conventional farming, respectively. Difficulties which the graduates confronted with in implementing the environment-friendly agriculture are as below. Firstly, many of the difficulties have resulted from lack of the environment-friendly farming techniques, and the high cost of farm scale improvement due to high price of land and topographical features of Jeju. Secondly, the agricultural successors, the KNCAF graduates, have trouble in obtaining approval of their parents to changeover from the conventional farming to the environment-friendly farming. Lastly, there is no advisory organizations and experts for environment-friendly farming in the given area. For shift to the environment-friendly farming, followings are needed. Agricultural Technology & Extension center, with cooperation of leading farms in environment-friendly farming, should have a key role in offering education and consults on the environment-friendly farming techniques. Also, this organization should inform rapidly the research results to the farmers, and their feed-back should be involved in the next research. Therefore, it is suggested that the forum called 'Environment-friendly Organic Farming Forum in Jeju' tentatively is organized.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2023

This study conducted an experiment with EC 1.0ms/cm ratio and excellent soil conditions for germination in ICT-based ginseng process cultivation. The first growth survey was conducted before transplantation of ginseng 1-year roots grown by seeding ginseng in the process cultivation, conventional cultivation and a second growth comparison survey was conducted after 3 months of growth. In the results, it was confirmed that ginseng grown in the process cultivation grew more than in the field. As a result of comparing the contents of 11 ginsenosides of 1-year and 2-year-old ginsenosides in the process cultivation and conventional cultivation ginseng, it was confirmed that the content of the process cultivation ginseng was higher than that of practice cultivation ginseng. In conclusion, conventional cultivation ginseng grows due to various factors under the natural cultivation environment, but process cultivation can secure the growth stability of ginseng by allowing stable soil and environmental control, so continuous research is needed in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.159-159
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• 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule, which is not only involved in plant growth and development but also regulates biological processes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous application of NO regulates the endogenous level of nitric oxide in response to stress conditions and therefore, NO donors are frequently used for stress alleviation. However, NO has very short half-life along with high reactivity. Therefore, conventional NO donors are often disadvantageous due to the relative instability of NO. On the contrary, development of NO releasing nanoparticles is a potential technique for enhancing the availability of NO in plants. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize such potential NO releasing nanoparticles which may be useful for application in agriculture. We have prepared Chitosan encapsulated S-nitrosoglutathione nanoparticles (GSNONP) and tried it with different concentrations for basic research in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results suggest that lower concentration of this nanoparticle is highly effective for better growth of plants whereas higher concentration produces toxicity that leads to plant death. We observed better growth of Arabidopsis thaliana at 1µM concentration of the GSNONP compared to free GSNO.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.987-997
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• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.