• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.159-164
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• 1992

The present study was done to examine whether inoculated and established bacteria in the digestive tract of germ-free (GF) chickens affect growth performance, energy availability, nitrogen utilization and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of the host bird fed a high-fibre diet. Gnotobiotic (GB) chicks were made from GF birds by co-inoculating with Ruminococcus albus, and Staphylococcus warneri, only the latter of which was established in the chicken gut. No difference was detected among conventional (CV), GF and GB birds in body weight gain, food intake or food efficiency from 7 to 21 d of age. The amount of nitrogen retained was larger in CV than in GF and GB chicks. DE and ME values of the diet and NDF digestibility were higher in CV birds than in GF and GB counterparts. It was concluded, therefore, that the established bacterium S. warneri did not give any beneficial effects on the host bird as judged by growth performance, energy availability, nitrogen utilization, and NDF digestibility.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2016

Since forest trees form the basis of forest ecosystem, their prolong subsistence is crucial for various flora and fauna. The foremost challenges to sustain the forest ecosystem comprise of the declining forest tree population accompanied with structural changes due to afforestation and exploitation of forest area, environment changes, pests, pollution, and introgressive hybridization. For ex situ conservation approach, in vitro techniques encompass basic role for conserving tree genetic resources, predominantly where natural propagules like recalcitrant seed might not be appropriate for long-term conservation. The practice includes restricted growth techniques, conventional micropropagation, production and storage of synthetic seeds, and cryopreservation. Even though these practices have been applied chiefly to herbaceous species, but recently, woody species were also focused upon. Key conceptions, challenges and techniques for forest tree seed conservation are discussed briefly in this review with special emphasis on some successful cryopreservation approaches for long-term storage.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Due to digitization, data has become a tsunami in almost every data-driven business sector. The information wave has been greatly boosted by man-to-machine (M2M) digital data management. An explosion in the use of ICT for farm management has pushed technical solutions into rural areas and benefited farmers and customers alike. This study discusses the benefits and possible pitfalls of using information and communication technology (ICT) in conventional farming. Information technology (IT), the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics are discussed, along with the roles of Machine learning (ML), Artificial intelligence (AI), and sensors in farming. Drones are also being studied for crop surveillance and yield optimization management. Global and state-of-the-art Internet of Things (IoT) agricultural platforms are emphasized when relevant. This article analyse the most current publications pertaining to precision agriculture using ML and AI techniques. This study further details about current and future developments in AI and identify existing and prospective research concerns in AI for agriculture based on this thorough extensive literature evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.737-745
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• 1996

In recent years, with the increase in the consumption of natural resources and energy, global environmental problems have appeared. This is a very serious environmental load on worldwide food production. For this reason, innovative techniques for production of low entropy by using effectively the energy for the ecosystemic agriculture have been expected. In this study, granular ceramics of 2 to 3mm in diameter having electrical charges at the surface were produced, using the natural raw materials of silicate minerals haing excellent moldabilities and sintering properties . Production of water having functions was attempted by effective use of the electrochemical energy of the ceramics with an efficient water treatment apparatus in which the ceramics were fluidized in water, differently from conventional systems. In the experimental results, the EC of water treated with the ceramics was not changed, but the ORP and also the pH and the DO were changed. The speed of oxidation -re uction reaction was high, and the ceramics -treated water enhanced the vigor of seeds. It can be expected that this treatment system, by which the ORP of water can be moderately controlled, is advantageous in controlling the growth of plants.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The increase in the rearing intensity of pigs has caused deterioration in the pig house's internal environment such as temperature, humidity, ammonia gas, and so on. Traditionally, the widely used method to control the internal environment was through the manipulation of the ventilation system. However, the conventional ventilation system had a limitation to control the internal environment, prevent livestock disease, save energy, and reduce odor emission. To overcome this problem, the air-recirculated ventilation system was suggested. This system has a semi-closed loop ventilation type. For designing this system, it was essential to evaluate the ventilation rates considering the pressure loss of ducts. Therefore, in this study, pressure loss calculation and experiment were conducted for the quantitative ventilation design of a semi-closed loop system. The results of the experiment showed that the inlet through which external air flows should always be opened. In addition, it was also found that for the optimum design of the semi-closed loop ventilation system, it was appropriate to install a damper or a backflow prevention device rather than a ventilation fan.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2019

To determine none top soil covering in rice seedling nursery method for the sparse machine transplanting, four different sowing methods were tested. Shoot and root length, fresh weight, leaf number and color using leaf color chart(LCC) and SPAD were collected as the data comparison of methods. The seedling height showed the highest growth according to the conventional (230g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) > high sowing density 1 (290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and top-soil covering) ≥ high sowing density 2(290g seed rate of pre-emerged seeds and none top-soil covering) > high sowing density 3(290g seed rate of iron-coated seeds and none top-soil covering). There was any statistical difference between groups in root length, leaf number, LCC, and SPAD values. Thus, a high sowing density of 290g for rice nursery seedling box was recommended to the sparse machine transplanting in rice cultivation with the none top-soil covering method, enabling convenient handling in transportation and machine transplanting work.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.776-784
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• 2016

In this study, green Larix kaempferi lumber was heat-treated by using superheated steam (SHS) at a pilot scale and then various physico-mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood were evaluated and compared with the properties of conventional hot air (HA) heat-treated wood. Decay resistance of brown rot fungi and compressive strength parallel to the grain of the SHS heat-treated wood without occurrence of drying check from green lumber were increased. On the other hand, density, equilibrium moisture content, shrinkage, and bending strength of the SHS heat-treated wood were lower than those of the conventional HA heat-treated wood. Because heat transfer and thermal hydrolysis of SHS heat treatment was accelerated by a large amount of water, the effect of SHS heat treatment on the physico-mechanical properties was higher than that of HA heat treatment at the similar conditions of temperature and time. From the results of this study, because green lumber can be heat-treated without occurrence of cracks or checks by using SHS and similar heat treatment effect on the physico-mechanical properties of wood can be produced despite a low temperature or short time of heat treatment, it is expected that heat time and energy consumption could be reduced by using SHS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.148-156
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary integration with extruded linseed (EL) on fatty acid (FA) and aromatic profile of goat cheese after 60 (T₆₀) days of ripening. Methods: Thirty goats were divided in two groups. The control group (CG) was fed with conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (EL+) was fed with conventional diet supplemented with 10% of EL. Milk samples were collected on 30 and 60 days of trial to determinate chemical-nutritional composition and FA profile. At the end of experiment, six cheese-making sessions (3 for each group) were carried out using a pooled milk sample obtained from the 15 goats of each group. At 60 days of ripening, cheeses were analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition, FA and aromatic profile. Results: An increase in the milk production, protein, fat and lactose were evidenced in the EL+ goats. Conversely, a reduction of somatic cells was observed in the EL+ compared with the CG. However, no variation was observed for urea and casein levels content in milk samples, and no changes in protein and lipid content were found for cheeses in the two experimental groups. Dietary supplementation with EL modified the FA profile of milk. There was a decrease in saturated FAs and an increase in polyunsaturated FAs. Chemical composition of T₆₀ cheese did not differ between the two groups but a different FA profile was observed. In T₆₀ cheese obtained from EL+ milk, an increase in short-chain FA and a decrease in medium and long-chain FA were observed. The EL diet led to cheeses with butanoic acid 2 times higher compared to CG cheeses. Moreover, a greater presence of aldehyde compounds and alcohols were observed in the cheeses of experimental group. Conclusion: The present study pointed out that EL supplementation may improve the chemical and physical qualities of goat milk and cheeses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

Among rumen microbes, bacteria play important roles in the biological degradation of plant fiber due to their large biomass and high activity. To maximize the utilization of fiber components such as cellulose and hemicellulose by ruminant animals, the ecology and functions of rumen bacteria should be understood in detail. Recent genome sequencing analyses of representative fibrolytic bacterial species revealed that the number and variety of enzymes for plant fiber digestion clearly differ between Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Therefore, the mechanism of plant fiber digestion is also thought to differ between these two species. Ecology of individual fibrolytic bacterial species has been investigated using pure cultures and electron microscopy. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques complement the disadvantages of conventional techniques and allow accurate evaluation of the ecology of specific bacteria in mixed culture, even in situ and in vivo. Molecular monitoring of fibrolytic bacterial species in the rumen indicated the predominance of F. succinogenes. Nutritive interactions between fibrolytic and non-fibrolytic bacteria are important in maintaining and promoting fibrolytic activity, mainly in terms of crossfeeding of metabolites. Recent 16S rDNA-based analyses suggest that presently recognized fibrolytic species such as F. succinogenes and two Ruminococcus species with fibrolytic activity may represent only a small proportion of the total fibrolytic population and that uncultured bacteria may be responsible for fiber digestion in the rumen. Therefore, characterization of these unidentified bacteria is important to fully understand the physiology and ecology of fiber digestion. To achieve this, a combination of conventional and modern techniques could be useful.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2006

Both the computational and experimental analysis have been conducted in this study to develop the high efficiency agriculture products dryer by the uniform thermal flow distribution in the drying room. It has been developed based on the results of the computation and experiment in the conventional dryer to improve the thermal flow distribution in drying room. The developed dryer can be prevented the local concentration of the heated wind and achieved the uniform flow distribution using the installation of vertical branch ducts, ribs, guide vanes and porous plates. As a result, the developed dryer reduced the fuel consumption up to $15\%$ and the electricity consumption up to $31.5\%$ compared with the conventional dryer.