• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.533-543
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser on the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation using different treatment points, acupuncture point (zusanli) and non-acupuncture points(back). Furthermore, we investigated the analgesic effect of low power GaAsAl laser using the different duration and intensity of laser in mechanical stimulation induced pain behavior. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The threshold of mechanical stimulation was significantly increased by GaAsAl laser stimulation into zusanli point after 15 and 30 min after laser stimulation(P<05). However, the laser stimulation into non-acupoint did not affect the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation. with dose dependent manner. 2. In order to investigate the analgesic effects of BV depending upon different intensities of laser stimulation, the experimental animals were divided into three groups: 3 mW treated group, 6 mW treated group and 10 mW treated group. The low power GaAsAl laser stimulation was applied into zusanli acupoint for 30 min with different intensity of laser stimulation. Six and ten mW of laser stimulation significantly increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 15 min after laser stimulation as compared to that of control group(P<.05). Moreover, the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation was maintained for 30 min after laser stimulation (P<.05). 3. Finally, we tested the analgesic effect of 10 mW laser stimulation using different duration such as 10 min, 30 min or 1 hr after application of mechanical stimulation. In 30 min treatment group, the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation was increased at 15min and 30min after laser stimulation(P<.05). However, laser stimulation for 60 min dramatically increased the pain threshold of mechanical stimulation at 0 min after laser stimulation and the analgesic effect of laser stimulation was observed until 1 hr after laser stimulation. In conclusion, these data apparently demonstrate that low power GaAsAl laser has analgesic effect on mechanical induced pain model in rats. In addition, the treated point, intensity and duration of laser stimulation should be concerned before clinical application for pain management purpose.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1149-1158
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• 2004

In this thesis, we created a Fuzzy rule in a Fuzzy logic that are Fuzzy logic which is composed of linguistic rules and Fuzzy inference engine for effective traffic control in ATM networks. The parameters of the Fuzzy rules are adapted to minimize the given performance index in both cases. In other words, the difuzzification value controls the threshold in the buffer to arrival ratio to traffic priority (low or high) using fuzzy set theory for traffic connected after reasoning. Also, show experiment result about rule by MATLAB6.5 and on-line bulid-up to verify validity of created Fuzzy rule. As a result, we can verify that threshold value in buffer is efficiently controlled by the traffic arrival ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2003

The purpose of this study investigated the anesthetic effects of lidocaine gel by phonophoretic transdermal delivery. The anesthetic effects were evaluated by two aspects as quantitative sensory testing and sensory nerve conduction study. Twelve healthy males(aged $23.25{\pm}2.09$ years) were studied. Exclusion criteria were ; pain, history of sensory disturbances and skin conditions in the areas to be examined. The subjects were divided into two groups; group I(lidocaine gel without ultrasound) and group II(lidocaine gel with ultrasound). The following results were obtained; 1. In changes of tactile threshold and electrical pain threshold, all groups were significantly increased(p<0.05). 2. In changes of electrical pain threshold, it was significantly differenced between the groups(p<0.05). We conclude that the transdermal delivery of lidocaine gel by phonophoresis has a possibility to use for surface anesthesia and the pain control of the superficial tissue.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2003

Several factors, including peak dp/dt of the ventricular pressure and maximum closing velocity of leaflet have been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold. In the present study, just before closing velocity of the leaflet has been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold, and cavitation erosion on the surface of a mechanical valve was examined by focusing on squeeze flow and the water hammer phenomenon during the closing period of the valve. A simple solenoid-actuated test device that can directly control the valve closing velocity was developed, and opening-closing tests of 3,000 and 40,000 cycles were performed at various closing velocities. There was a closing velocity threshold to occur erosion pitting of valve surface, and its value was about 0.4 m/s in this study. Cavitation-induced erosion pits were observed only in regions where squeeze flow occurred immediately before valve closure On the other hand, the number of the pits was found to be closely related to an area of water hammer-induced pressure wave below the critical pressure defined by water vapor pressure. Therefore, it was concluded that cavitation is initiated and augmented by the two pressure drops due to squeeze flow and water hammer phenomenon, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

This study was to determine whether iontophoresis application of centipede venom would produce analgesic effect for clinical practice. Sixty patients suffered from musculoskeletal diseases who lived in Taejon city were analyzed by double-blind central study. After pre treatment, post treatment, post 20 minutes, post 40 minutes iontophoresis using centipede venom, we assessed the response to pin-prick sensation with Endomed 582 in myalgia patients. The results were as follows, control group showed pain threshold of 1.76, 2.03, 2.01, 2.02mA after treatment, but the pain threshold of 1.76, 2.21, 3.85, 3.87mA after iontophoresis application in study group. The pain threshold of Notermans pain score after 20-minute and 40-minute centipede venom iontophoresis group using centipede venom was higher than that after non-centipede venom iontophoresis group. The results showed that by the increasing the analgesic effect in the centipede venom iontophoresis group, especially in time of post 20 minutes after iontophoresis treatment. So we considered that the iontophoresis using centipede venom could be reduced pain of myalgia in musuloskeletal disease patients.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.663-670
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• 2005

The present study concerns the influence of binder type on the chloride-induced corrosion being accompanied by the chloride threshold level (CTL), chloride transport and as their results the corrosion-free lift. Two levels of cement content, $30\%$ PFA and $65\%$ GGBS concrete were employed. It was found that the most dominant factor to the CTL is the entrapped air void content at the steel-concrete interface, irrespective of the chloride binding capacity, binder type and acid neutralisation capacity of cement matrix. The CTL for lower interfacial air void contents was significantly increased up to $1.52\%$ by weight of cement, whereas a same mix produced $0.35\%$ for a higher level of voids. Because of a remarkable reduction in the diffusion fur GGBS concrete, its time to corrosion ranges from 255 to 1,250 days, while the corrosion-free life for control varies from 20 to 199 days sand for $30\%$ PFA concrete from 200 to 331 days.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

We analyze a voice/data integrated traffic model of the cellular mobile communication system with hybrid guard channels for voice and handoff calls. In a multi-service integrated wireless environment, quality of service guarantee is crucial for smooth transportation of real time information. Real time voice traffic requires a guaranteed upper bounded on both delay and packet error rate, whereas data traffic does not. Voice traffic has high transmission priority over data packets. Thus one of the important problems is the design of admission control schemes which can efficiently accommodate the differential quality of service requirements. In this paper, a hybrid guard channel scheme is considered in which arriving calls are assigned channels as long as the number of busy channels in the cell is below a predetermined first threshold. When the number of busy channels reaches the first threshold, new originating data calls are queued in the infinite data buffer. Then reaches second threshold, only handoff calls are assigned the remaining channels and new originating voice calls are blocked. We evaluate the system by a two-dimensional Markov chain approach and generating function method and obtain performance measures included blocking probability and forced termination probability.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.1577-1585
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• 2011

This paper proposes a posture stabilization control algorithm for a wheeled mobile robot using hybrid visual servo control method with a position based and an image based visual servoing (PBVS and IBVS). To overcome chattering phenomena which were shown in the previous researches using a simple switching function based on a threshold, the proposed hybrid visual servo control law introduces the fusion function based on a blending function. Then, the chattering problem and rapid motion of the mobile robot can be eliminated. Also, we consider the nonlinearity of the wheeled mobile robot unlike the previous visual servo control laws using linear control methods to improve the performances of the visual servo control law. The proposed posture stabilization control law using hybrid visual servoing is verified by a theoretical analysis and simulation and experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2005

A new methodology to detect forest fire burnt scars at near real time using MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data is presented here with a goal of introducing a new and improved capability to detect forest fire burnt scars in Thailand. This new technology is expected to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the forest fire tackling resources distribution and management of the country. Using MODIS data in burnt scars detection has two major advantages - high availability of data and high resolution per performance ratio. Results prove the near real time algorithm suitable and working well in order to monitor the forest fire dynamic movement. The algorithm is based on the threshold separated linear equation of burnt and un-burnt. A ground truth experiment confirms the burnt and un-burnt? areas characteristics (temperature and NDVI). A threshold line on a scatter plot of Band I and Band 2 is determined to separate the burnt from un-burnt pixels. The different threshold values of NDVI and temperature use to identify pixels' anomaly, abnormal low NDVI and high temperature. The overlay (superimpose) method is used to verify burnt pixels. Since forest fire is a dynamic phenomenon, MODIS burnt scars information is suiting well to fill in the missing temporal information of LANDSAT for the forest fire control managing strategy in Thailand. This study was conducted in the Huai-Kha-Kaeng (HKK) Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 1999

In frequency selective channels, conventional PN code acquisition schemes are not ideal candidates. This is because they are primarily designed for the AWGN channel. In this paper, a direct-sequence spread-spectrum(DSSS) PN code acquisition system based on digital matched filtering (DMF) with automatic threshold control(ATC) algorithm is presented and analyzed with regards to probability of detection and probability of false alarm. These two important probabilities, the probability of detection ($P_D$) and the probability of false alarm ($P_{FA}$) are derived and analyzed in considering Doppler shift, sampling rate, mean acquisition time, and PN chip rate in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel when using serial-search method as detection technique. From computer simulation results of a DMF acquisition system model, it is shown that the performance of the acquisition system using ATC algorithm is better than that of constant threshold system.