• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2663-2667
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• 2012

Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age = 44.6 years, SD = 9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age = 44.5 years, SD = 10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2891-2896
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• 2013

Background: To illustrate multiple approaches and to assess participation rates adopted for a community based smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala. Materials and Methods: Resident males in the age group 18-60 years who were 'current daily smokers' from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala (2 intervention and 2 control groups) were selected. Smoking status was assessed through house-to-house survey using trained volunteers. Multiple approaches included awareness on tobacco hazards during baseline survey and distribution of multicolour anti-tobacco leaflets for intervention and control groups. Further, the intervention group received a tobacco cessation booklet and four sessions of counselling which included a one-time group counselling cum medical camp, followed by proactive counselling through face-to-face (FTF) interview and mobile phone. In the second and fourth session, motivational counselling was conducted. Results: Among 928 smokers identified, smokers in intervention and control groups numbered 474 (mean age: 44.6 years, SD: 9.66 years) and 454 respectively (44.5 years, SD: 10.30 years). Among the 474 subjects, 75 (16%) had attended the group counselling cum medical camp after completion of baseline survey in the intervention group, Among the remaining subjects (n=399), 88% were contacted through FTF and mobile phone (8.5%). In the second session (4-6 weeks time period), the response rate for individual counselling was 94% (78% through FTF and 16% through mobile phone). At 3 months, 70.4% were contacted by their mobile phone and further, 19.6% through FTF (total 90%) while at 6 months (fourth session), the response rate was 74% and 16.4% for FTF and mobile phone respectively, covering 90.4% of the total subjects. Overall, in the intervention group, 97.4% of subjects were being contacted at least once and individual counselling given. Conclusion: Proactive community centred intervention programmes using multiple approaches were found to be successful to increase the participation rate for intervention.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2004

Purpose: This study has been conducted as a quality improvement activity in order to confirm the assessment of patients, their guardians and nurses by providing them with a Life in Hospital Guide. Method: Nursing with Life in Hospital Guide provision was conducted at an University Hospital with patients admitted within 5 days or less and their guardians, a control group of 375 persons and a comparison group of 372 persons, and the data have been collected from the 26th of May to the 10th of October 2003. A Life in Hospital Guide, in the form of a leaflet, that contained useful information such as meals, facilities, car parking, documents, linen products etc, was used. The collected data have been analysed using SPSS windows programme 11.0 for percentage, $X^2$-test, and t-test. Result: The comparison group who were provided with a Life in Hospital Guide will know better about the articulars needed to live in hospital than the control group who were not,' the average of the comparison group (4.04) was higher than the control group (3.04), which is a significant difference (t=-27.06, p=.000). Conclusion: As a results of this study, it was confirmed that life in hospital guidance through a leaflet each as a quality improvement activity, are effective.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2841-2846
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• 2016

Background: Tobacco use is the single most important preventable risk factor for cancer. Surveillance of tobacco-related cancers (TRC) is critical for monitoring trends and evaluating tobacco control programmes. We analysed the trends of TRC and evaluated the population-based cancer registry (PBCR) in Delhi for simplicity, comparability, validity, timeliness and representativeness. Materials and Methods: We interviewed key informants, observed registry processes and analysed the PBCR dataset for the period 1988-2009 using the 2009 TRC definition of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the percentages of morphologically verified cancers, death certificate-only (DCO) cases, missing values of key variables and the time between cancer diagnosis and registration or publication for the year 2009. Results: The number of new cancer cases increased from 5,854 to 15,244 (160%) during 1988-2009. TRC constituted 58% of all cancers among men and 47% among women in 2009. The age-adjusted incidence rates of TRC per 100,000 population increased from 64.2 to 97.3 among men, and from 66.2 to 69.2 among women during 1988-2009. Data on all cancer cases presenting at all major government and private health facilities are actively collected by the PBCR staff using standard paper-based forms. Data abstraction and coding is conducted manually following ICD-10 classifications. Eighty per cent of cases were morphologically verified and 1% were identified by death certificate only. Less than 1% of key variables had missing values. The median time to registration and publishing was 13 and 32 months, respectively. Conclusions: The burden of TRC in Delhi is high and increasing. The Delhi PBCR is well organized and generates high-quality, representative data. However, data could be published earlier if paper-based data are replaced by electronic data abstraction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.315-317
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• 1996

An investigation was carried out to find out the strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in 24 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 505 FMD virus samples were collected from June, 1989 to June, 1991 and tested by complement fixation test (CFT). Of these, 276 (54.7%) were found positive for different strains of FMD virus and the rest 45.3% were either negative or anticomplementary. Strains identified were O, C, Asia-1 and sub-strains $A_5$ and $A_{22}$. Strain O was found to be most prevalent(39.8%) followed by Asia-1 (5.7%), C (5.3%), $A_5$ (3.4%) and $A_{22}$ (0.4%). Prevalence of sub-strain $A_5$ was reported for the first time in Bangladesh. District-wise typing of FMD virus has been done which would be helpful for appropriate vaccination programme in different districts of Bangladesh for control of the malady.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2012

The purpose of virtual metrology (VM) in semiconductor manufacturing is to predict every wafer's metrological values based on its process equipment data without an actual metrology. In this paper, we propose novelty detection-based reliability estimation models for VM in order to support flexible utilization of VM results. Because the proposed model can not only estimate the reliability of VM, but also identify suspicious process variables lowering the reliability, quality control actions can be taken selectively based on the reliance level and its causes. Based on the preliminary experimental results with actual semiconductor manufacturing process data, our models can successfully give a high reliance level to the wafers with small prediction errors and a low reliance level to the wafers with large prediction errors. In addition, our proposed model can give more detailed information by identifying the critical process variables and their relative impacts on the low reliability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2899-2902
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• 2015

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and in Thailand is the second most common cancer among women. In 2008, a national cervical cancer screening programme was implemented in Thailand, but coverage remains relatively low. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cervical cancer screening uptake is associated with the area of residency in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out in women aged 30 to 60 year-old, who live in Sikhiu district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Structured-questionnaires were used to interview 226 women (cases) who had attended cervical cancer screening in the last five years and 226 women (controls) who had not. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the area of residency and cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: After controlling for parity, marital status and duration of hormonal contraceptive use, an association between the area of residence and cervical cancer screening uptake could not demonstrated ($OR_{adj}$ 1.27, 95%CI: 0.79, 2.04). Conclusions: We found no evidence to suggest remoteness to health care center led to lower cervical cancer screening uptake.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3121-3123
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• 2015

The main objective of this paper was to assess the influence of educational level on the survival of uterine cervix cancer patients in our population. A total of 224 patients were registered in our registry, of which 178 had information on stage and different educational levels. The overall median survival (MS) was 23 months, with values of 18.5, 20.7 and 41.3 months for the illiterate, literate and qualified groups, respectively. In the illiterate patients, stage I was seen in 2.6% and stage IV in 11.8%, while in other 2 groups stage I was seen in 10% to 17% of patients at the time of diagnosis. The survival probability at around 50 months was around 42%, 30% and 26% (approximately) for qualified, literates and illiterates respectively [Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) showed p=0.023]. Emphasis on imparting education to females can be a part of comprehensive cancer control programme for improving the overall survival in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix in our population.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.5212-5230
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• 2016

How to determine the right number of small base stations to activate in multi-cell uplinks to match traffic from a fixed quantity of K users is an open question. This paper analyses the uplink cooperative that jointly receives base stations activation to explore this question. This paper is different from existing works only consider transmitting power as optimization objective function. The global objective function is formulated as a summation of two terms: transmitting power for data and coordinated overhead for control. Then, the joint base stations activation and beamforming problem is formulated as a mixed integer second order cone optimization. To solve this problem, we develop two polynomial-time distributed methods. Method one is a two-stage solution which activates no more than K small base stations (SBSs). Method two is a heuristic algorithm by dual decomposition to MI-SOCP that activates more SBSs to obtain multiple-antennae diversity gains. Thanks to the parallel computation for each node, our methods are more computationally efficient. The strengths and weaknesses of these two proposed two algorithms are also compared using numerical results.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to structure finance management education programme and to provide basic data orienting finance service system by means of analyzing the level of financial problem and its influential variables. The following is the result of this study: First, the level of financial problem perceived by housewife in urban areas is in the following order ; property which is perceived the least. Second, the level of financial problem perceived by housewife in urban areas is dependant on housewife age, husband education level, husband occupation, the degree of property, the degree of debts, tendency of fortune control, tendency of materialism, feeling of appropriate resource. It is especially noting that housewife in forties shows high level of financial of financial problem recognition than housewife in twenties does. This indicates needs for middle for middle-aged home management in which happens house moving to larger size, education of children, marriage of children, preparation for stabilization basis after children’s marriage, and shortage of surplus money. Third, variables which affect all sub-areas are family property sum, tendency of materialism, feeding of appropriate resources. The less family property sum, the stronger tendency of materialism, and the more perceive feeling of appropriate resources, the more perceive they financial problems.