• Language and Information
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.139-161
• /
• 2003

The progressive in English is taken to be an operator which takes a non-stative predicate and returns a predicate which denotes a process with a temporal frame around some definite time or event. When, it is combined with a predicate which has a culmination in the event, the sentence means that the culmination has not come yet. So the event denoted by the base predicate is not true at the current time. On the other hand, when it is combined with a predicate which has no culmination in the event, the event denoted by the base predicate is taken to be true. In this paper, this is explained by the semantics of the progressive based on the notion of contributiveness. I propose that a progressive sentence is verified by some subevents which are contributive to the current situation and the progress of the event beyond the threshold level of the event denoted by the base predicate. A sub-situation is contributive if the addition of it to the previous situation is more likely to lead to the whole situation than the previous situation.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.55-80
• /
• 2015

In this paper, I show how oyey 'except' and pakkey 'but' in Korean are semantically different from but/except in English. The exceptive oyey is attached only to a definite NP and shows no restriction on the NP that it is associated with. The referent of the NP is removed from either the restrictor, or nuclear scope, of the associated NP, also giving rise to two different inferences about the exception phrase. The inferences are based on the condition that an expression should make a non-trivial meaning contribution in a sentence. The complement of oyey is really taken to be an exception in one interpretation, but not in the other. The exceptive pakkey is assumed to be a NPI. It does not require a phrase that a pakkey-phrase is associated with. It can be attached to any type of phrases, including a NP. Attached to a full phrase, it is interpreted as a scalar item. Its core meaning contribution is to remove weaker alternatives from the scalar set locally. For a general interpretation, the other meanings are captured globally. A pakkey-phrase with a demonstrative has a conjunctive meaning, and it can be analyzed like oyey in one of the two interpretations.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was to analyse the reasons for the early termination of our clinical trials that were to know the influences of Tai-chi on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Methods : We stopped the primary study of Tai-chi to observe the changes of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. So we carried out the survey to our participants of clinical trials. We conducted the survey about the patient's characteristics of usual exercise, experience of Tai-chi, appropriate time allocation, difficulties of proceeding the program and patient's opinion for the improvement of education. And the 4 questions about the contributiveness of Tai-chi for the Parkinson's disease, usability of supplied references, difficulties and time allocation of education were using the questionaries form of 5-point scale(Likert scale). Results : The results of survey showed that the benefits of Tai-chi program for the improvement of symptoms was $3.15{\pm}0.89$ and difficulty of lecture was $3.76{\pm}1.09$. 41% of participants answered that the motions of the Tai-chi is difficult to follow and 17% of participants felt the imbalance during the motion of Tai-chi. Conclusions : Participants replied that the Tai-chi is hard for the patients of Parkinson's disease and the time for the education was too short to keep doing exercise. Thus we have plan to educate the patients of Parkinson's disease with Tai-chi program consists of easier motion by developing ourselves or searching previous studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2021

An objective expert discrimination scheme is needed for finding researchers who have insight and knowledge about a particular field of research. There are two types of expert discrimination schemes such as a citation graph based method and a formula based method. In this paper, we propose an efficient expert discrimination scheme considering various characteristics that have not been considered in the existing formula based methods. In order to discriminate the expertise of researchers, we present six expertise indices such as quality, productivity, contributiveness, recentness, accuracy, and durability. We also consider the number of social citations to apply the characteristics of academic search sites. Finally, we conduct various experiments to prove the validity and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.69-89
• /
• 2014

The business performance of port industry is steadily getting worse due to international environmental regulation. The port industry should be prepared according to ambient condition change. IMO(International Maritime Organization) is tightening up environmental regulation of vessel and maritime industry field. ECA(Emission Control Area), starting with the Baltic, has initialized and has been expanded. Korea must strengthen the control of vessel in accordance with IMO's restriction, if Korea is designated as emission control area. These situations cause the expansion of LNG-fuelled ships. Add to the larger trend of ships, Korean government should be done a preemptive action against LNG bunkering industry. This study proposes the concept of floating offshore LNG bunkering system and is conducted its economic feasibility evaluation based on empirical analysis. We examine the theoretical foundation and basic information via "A Planning Study on the Engineering Development of Floating Offshore LNG Bunkering Terminal" in 2013 and we evaluate the business potential by using the report above mentioned. The results of this study are as follows. The values of B/C analysis are between 0.679 and 2.516 depending on market share and R&D contributiveness. In case of 10.9%(market share), if market share are 50% and 60%, the value of B/C analysis are 0.697 and 0.837 respectively. Except in two cases, all remaining values are over 1.0. Moreover, the research is conducted sensitivity analysis to remove the project uncertainty. In order to maintain economical validity, a project manager have to establish business strategies which are not to cause increase of expense and sustain market share and R&D contributiveness in the scenario with normal levels.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.181-196
• /
• 2003

Investigated kinds and utilization frequency for traditional food and Particular food to systematize Gwangju city and Chollanamdo area traditional food culture. Awareness for traditional food had pride because taste is various, and did that must use much when was festive day. Investigation subject were feeling necessity about accession, development of traditional food, and manufacture of traditional food, succession did that must take charge in home. Characteristic of taste for Gwangju city, Chollanamdo food was deep taste. Difference between variable was significant that age, religion that have pride about traditional food, attainments in scholarship, monthly income that used time much traditional food, degree that give from traditional food to snack is age, attainments in scholarship, years of married life, religion, reason that give snack to traditional food is daughter-in-law order, kind of traditional food that give to snack is age, monthly income mouth, opinion about accession and development of traditional food is age, religion, daughter-in-law order, reason that must inherit and develop traditional food is attainments in scholarship, time that eat much traditional food is attainments in scholarship, a person, medium that learn cuisine of traditional food is age, opportunity that is been interested to traditional food is age, attainments in scholarship, years of married life. By utilization rate of food-tasting food subdivisions of the season, used much by rice-cake soup, fermented rice punch, order of cake made from glutinous rice New Year's Day, by herbs, Gimgui, Ogokbap's order January Full Moon Day on the lunar calendar. By a cake made in the shape of a flower, azalea honeyed juice mixed with fruits as a punch order to Samjitnal, by beans panbroiling, dropwort raw order Buddha's Birthday, Tano Festival uses Charyunbyeong and used Tteoksudan in Yudu and used much by young chicken soup with ginseng and other fruits, watermelon order period of midsummer heat. Used songpyon and fermented rice punch in Full-moon Harvest Day, and Junggujeol used Chrysanthemum griddle cakes made in flower Pattern, and red-bean gruel taken on the winter solstice, and Nappyeongjeolsik was utilizing Goldongban. Pyebaek food utilization ratio was high the utilization rate by chestnut, jujube, chicken, wine order. The contributiveness food utilization rate was high the utilization rate by rice cake, dried croaker, fruit, oil-and-honey pastry order. The large table food utilization rate was high the utilization rate by fermented rice punch, fruit, steamed short-ribs order.