• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.145-166
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• 2012

This article examines the limitations of the choice of law caused by Internationally Mandatory Rules in Entering into the Turn-Key Contracts. In June 2007, Clough Engineering, a corporation based in Western Australia, approached the Federal Court of Australia seeking injunctive relief and leave to commence proceedings against an entity located outside Australia, the Oil & Natural Gas Corp of India (ONGC). Clough had contracted with ONGC to provide a range of services in relation to the construction of gas and oil wells off the coast of India. The contract was governed by Indian law, and included a clause by which the parties agreed to submit their disputes to arbitration. Yet the Federal Court assumed jurisdiction over the dispute, principally because Clough had framed its claim as a plea for relief for contraventions of Australia's Trade Practices Act 1974. The result of this cases that it is possible for an arbitral tribunal to hear a claim made under the Trade Practices Act even if that claim arises "in connection with"a contract the proper law of which is not the law of Australia. However, in Transfield Philippines Inc v Pacific Hydro Ltd, the turnkey contract included a choice of law provision, selecting the law of the Philippines, and a clause providing that all disputes arising out of or in connection with the agreement were to be arbitrated under the ICC Rules, with the seat in Singapore. Hearings were in fact conducted in Melbourne, Australia, although all awards were published in Singapore. The result of this cases that it would not be appropriate for an Australian court to adjudicate claims for misrepresentation under Australian statutes dealing with misleading and deceptive conduct, once the arbitral tribunal had determined, applying appropriate choice of law rules, that such claims are governed by the law of the Philippines. To do so would lead to a multiplicity of proceedings, usurp the jurisdiction of the tribunal and deny the intention of the parties as expressed by them in the arbitration agreement. In short, the Internationally Mandatory Rules as an active part of public order create limitation of party autonomy in choice of law rules in a different way. The court is fully entitled to refuse to use those rules of law applicable on the contract which are in the contradiction to the internationally mandatory rules of law of the forum. And the court may give an effect to those Internationally Mandatory Rules that form a part of a law of foreign country when deciding about applicability of certain rules of applicable law.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

현재 상당수 기업에서 인력육성 및 관리 분야에 활용하는 직무역량모델은 현장 업무를 반영하지 못하거나 개발된 직무역량 모델이 실제 활용에 구체적이지 못해 업무 활용도가 떨어지는 상황이다. 한국 기업의 직무역량모델 개발 현황과 이를 기반으로 한 교육체계 개발 현황을 조사한 결과, 종업원 400인 이상 기업의 43.5% 정도가 직무역량모델을 개발했으며, 직무역량모델을 개발한 기업 중 31.7%는 만들어진 역량이 상세하지 못해 직무역량을 기반으로한 교육체계를 개발하지 못하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 문제 해결을 위해 '웹 2.0방식의 직무역량모델링 방법'을 소개하고 이러한 방법으로 개발한 직무역량모델과 대부분 기업의 직무역량을 개발하는 방식인 전문가 중심의 개발된 직무역량모델을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 웹 2.0 방식의 개발한 직무역량모델에 대해 역량명의 정확성, 수용성 그리고 역량기술서의 유용성이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났으며, 기업의 환경에 맞는 구체적인 역량이 도출된 것으로 조사되었다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2020

본 논문은 가상통화의 특성을 활용한 테러자금조달에 대한 잠재적 위협을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 기존 테러자금조달 위협과 가상통화 관련법 및 제도를 분석하고 가상통화를 활용한 테러자금조달에 대한 사례를 통해 잠재적 위협을 도출하였다. 가상통화가 등장하기 이전 국내에서 가상통화를 활용한 테러자금조달 위협은 높지 않으나, 가상통화가 활성화되기 시작한 '15년 이후 많은 해외 테러조직과 북한 등 테러지원국에서는 가상통화를 간접적으로 모금하거나 해킹 등을 통해 직접 테러자금을 조달하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 국내는 가상통화의 근거법이 부재한 상황으로, 이로 인해 현재 법령과 제도 그리고 실질적 대응 체계에 분명한 문제가 식별되었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 논문에서는 관련 사례들을 분석하고, 분석된 사례들을 토대로 제도적 대응방안과 기술적 대응방안을 제시하였다. 가상통화는 새롭게 등장한 개념으로 기존 제도권 안에서 모든 문제를 해결할 수는 없다. 때문에 우리는 현재의 한계점을 인정하고 이를 개선하기 위한 제도적·기술적 노력을 다해 나가야 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2018

미국의 각본가이자 애니메이션 감독인 브래드 버드는 2000년대 초반부터 대부분의 애니메이션이 저 연령층을 대상으로 하여 제작, 개봉되고 있는 상황을 비판했다. 그는 애니메이션이 아이들 뿐 아니라 어른들에게도 메시지를 전달할 수 있는 예술 형식이며, 그 발전 가능성이 높다고 주장하였다. 본 연구에서는 브래드 버드 감독의 장편 애니메이션 <아이언자이언트>, <인크레더블>, <라따뚜이>의 서사구조 및 캐릭터, 서브플롯, 상징 및 복선, 암시 등 총체적인 구성요소, 그리고 표현 양식을 분석하여 그의 작품이 갖는 차별화된 서사적 특성과 전략에 대해 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 예술 형식으로서의 애니메이션의 서사적 특성은 첫째, 저 연령층뿐 아니라 성인들도 깊게 공감할 진중한 주제 메시지의 전달. 둘째, 현실사회의 모순과 시대적 과오를 비판하는 사회의제 표현. 셋째, 현실적 상황 설정을 바탕으로 치밀하게 구성된 플롯을 통해 개연성 높은 내러티브 구조라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구가 향후 다양한 애니메이션이 제작될 수 있는 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제80권
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• pp.115-142
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• 2016

이 글은 작년 하반기 아이유 4집 앨범 발매 이후 벌어진 일련의 상황을 사례 삼아 최근 걸 아이돌에 대한 부정적인 대중 감정의 내용과 논리를 드러내고자 했다. 그간 팬덤 연구의 흐름은 스타에 대한 동일시와 그에 기반을 둔 팬덤 커뮤니티 형성에 초점을 맞추었지만 최근 '안티팬덤'이나 연예인에 대한 '악플' 현상은 이들에 대한 적의나 샤덴프로이데(타인의 불행을 기뻐하는 감정)와 같은 부정적 감정을 다루어야 할 필요를 제기한다. 샤덴프로이데는 공적 평등과 사적 소유 간 모순을 특징으로 하는 근대 자유주의에서 배태되어 '능력주의'를 중심으로 이 모순을 극대화하는 신자유주의에서 심화되는 사회적 감정이다. 오늘날 연예인은 종종 샤덴프로이데의 대상이 되는데, 이는 연예인이 본질적인 자질보다 '유명하다는 이유로 유명해지는' 방식으로 존재하게 된 상황과 관련이 있다. 또한 샤덴프로이데는 남녀 연예인에게 다르게 작동한다. 근대에 이르러 존재 자체가 남성의 사적 소유물로 위치되었던 여성의 '성공'은 섹슈얼리티를 이용한 '불공정한 자원 획득'으로 여겨지기 때문이다. 이는 현재 한국 사회에 만연한 '여성혐오' 문화의 배경이기도 한데, 이러한 맥락에서 아이유의 '여동생 아이돌 아티스트'로서의 성공은 젠더화된 샤덴프로이데의 적절한 대상이 된다. '페도필리아(소아성애증)'라는 명명은 작금의 여성주의 성폭력 정치가 직면한 교착상태를 반영하는 측면이 있지만, 아동성폭력/학대의 구조적 원인에 관심을 두게 하기보다 개인의 유명세에 흠집을 내는 추문으로서 작동한다. '아이유 사태'에서 '페도필리아' 규정의 작동 방식을 '성 정치의 샤덴프로이데화'로 본 것은 이 때문이다. 결과적으로 이 용어는 연예인 주가의 상승과 하락을 반복하며 장을 넓혀나가는 연예인 경제 지속에 기여하게 된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.43-61
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• 1981

Interest in the Quality of working life is spreading rapidly and the phrase has entered the popular vocabulary. That this should be so is probably due in large measure to changes in the values of society, nowadays accelerated as never before by the concerns and demands of younger people. But however topical the concept has become, there is very little agreement on its definition. Rather, the term appears to have become a kind of depository for a variety of sometimes contradictory meanings attributed to it by different groups. A list of all the elements it if held to cover would include availability and security of employment, adaquate income, safe and pleasant physical working conditions, reasonable hours of work, equitable treatment and democracy in the workplace, the possibility of self-development, control over one's work, a sense of pride in craftsmanship or product, wider career choices, and flexibility in matters such as the time of starting work, the number of working days in the week, Job sharing and so on altogether an array that encompasses a variety of traditional aspirations and many new ones reflecting the entry into the post industrial era. The term "quality of working life" was introduced by professor Louis E. Davis and his colleagues in the late 1960s to call attention to the prevailing and needlessly poor quality of life at the workplace. In their usage it referred to the quality of the relationship between the worker and his working environment as a whole, and was intended to emphasize the human dimension so often forgotten among the technical and economic factors in job design. Treating workers as if they were elements or cogs in the production process is not only an affront to the dignity of human life, but is also a serious underestimation of the human capabilities needed to operate more advanced technologies. When tasks demand high levels of vigilence, technical problem-solving skills, self initiated behavior, and social and communication skills. it is imperative that our concepts of man be of requisite complexity. Our aim is not just to protect the worker's life and health but to give them an informal interest in their job and opportunity to express their views and exercise control over everything that affects their working life. Certainly, so far as his work is concerned, a man must feel better protected but he must also have a greater feeling of freedom and responsibility. Something parallel but wholly different if happening in Europe, industrial democracy. What has happened in Europe has been discrete, fixed, finalized, and legalized. Those developing centuries driving toward industrialization like R.O.K, shall have to bear in mind the human complexity in processing and designing the work and its environment. Increasing attention is needed to the contradiction between autocratic rule at the workplace and democratic rights in society.n society.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2004

Exposure and Concealment have been continued as important way to express fashion and theme as well, especially in women fashion. Exposure can make themselves attractive, and concealment emphasizes this way of being attractive by exposure. Besides the temptable effect of exposure, the ideology which put women next men in society has made a prominence on the fact exposure is significant theme in women fashion. It means that women's image of 'Being seen as Object' (this can be explained by relation passive between active) in society has driven female emphasize in using and focusing on exposure to be attractive. Also the other important thing in women fashion has been considered is concealment. The fact that society has demand women more chaste duty in detail may have meaningful thing in the condition that instigates women take off being attractive to the subject, considering ideology, men. Therefore attractive femininity has to be suggested by virtue and temptation, it is common sense that looking just shallow or too strict are far from criteria of ideal beauty. Namely, the concept for exposure coexists with concealment not only constructively but also naturally in fashion. Technique that can be accentuate for effective exposure differently from method to show unilaterally is needed, and this technique can promote new fashion. And according to the theory of Freud, women means' Absence (lacking penis)', this female's Lack Image induces male castration complex therefore 'Fetishistic Look' which transfers something phallic into specific things or parts of body is adopted, sort of object cathexis. This is revealed as some parts of women body are diverted into object for sexual love, symbolic equivalent. For example, women's parts like legs or breast are remarked as erotogenic zone and as time goes, when no more the zone are felt sexual by exposure, other somewhere felt mysterious (felt something sexual) used to be stressed by exposing. As it were, it can be possible that exposing part on women body (sexual part) moved as time passed because of what previously stated. Especially, the concept of exposure and concealment in women fashion should explain not only from a point of view of style for the beautifulness but also from wearer's immanent intention, further more relationship with ideology. About the present situation becoming bolder in women fashion, it is said that women express confidence as the position of women is elevated higher socially, the more women get freedom. But if we consider this psychoanalysis opinion mentioned ahead, the possibility can not be excluded that the exposure can get emphasizing according as the need of feminine modesty gets decreasing from ideal femininity society, men want. This study about exposure and concealment was made progressed through the theory of Freud who originated psychoanalysis, presented many theories. But nowadays contradictions are being brought up against Freud's theory including conventional philosophy like male chauvinism and adjust studies get suggested. Hereupon, there may be limitation in making no allowance of contradiction and following his theory.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-124
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• 2015

난임과 인공수정은 증가하고 있음에 비해 이에 대한 법적 규율은 미비한 상태이며, 인공수정으로 출생한 자녀의 법적 지위는 불안하다. 현재는 해석에 의해 해결하고 있지만 향후 입법이 필요한 분야로, 우리 문화와 현재 사회의 인식 정도, 의료 수준의 발달 정도, 국외 여러 나라의 선행 입법례 등을 종합적으로 검토하여야 한다. 특히 입법론에서 고려하여야 할 것은 법을 위반하여 자녀가 출생한 경우, 그의 복리이다. 법이 미래의 모든 사항을 규율할 수는 없기 때문이다. 인공수정자의 복리는 이에 관한 상세한 입법이 없는 현재에서도 중점적 고려사항이다. 자선의 자유 의지와 적극적 행위로 인공수정을 선택한 성인과 달리 인공수정자는 출생에의 선택권이 없기 때문이다. 이하 본고에서는 인공생식 기술의 유형과 현황을 설명하고, 해석과 판례에서 나타나는 인공수정자의 법적인 지위와 기타 문제 등을 살펴보겠다. 그리고 해외 입법례를 통해 향후 입법안의 방향을 제시하겠다. 인공수정의 기술적 부분에 관한 입법안은 생명윤리 및 안전에 관한 법률에 포함시키고, 인공수정자의 친자관계에 관한 법적 지위 부분은 민법전에 편입하는 방식을 취하겠다. 인류의 미래에 도움을 주는 생명과학의 발전은 장려되어야 하지만 인간의 창조나 개량을 향한 연구는 지양해야 한다. 그러므로 본 연구가 현실과 과학을 접목하여 법적인 기준을 제시할 수 있는 단조가 되기를 기대해본다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

Normally easy task of plat in urban architecture is that using underground full of activities for increase building site efficiency. Especially for using underground space for the parking lot. Also utilize underground is more increase for fulfill requirement in modern society considered with environmental friendly architecture. The primary objective of this study is to apply analyzed formal foundation type for selecting the optimum type of parking lots considered with structural stability, economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration. This study aim to on criteria decided through the questionaries for the selection considered with in the scale of second stories parking lots underground, parking volume is 80 and reinforced concrete structure. The bearing capacity is 6～8m and downward from surface, healthy ground bearing capacity is 40 t/m2. This study comparative analysis and discuss economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration based constructivist stability which applied Single foundation, Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation. The result of this study is as follows: First, the result of economical efficiency is that on the basis of single foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.88, Mat foundation 2.04 as a comparative analysis on the basis of total construction cost included material cost, labor coast and machinery cost. Second, the result of construction efficiency order is single foundation, Drop Mat foundation, Mat foundation as a comparative analysis on the based connected characteristics. Third, the result of construction duration is that on the basis of Mat Foundation, Drop Mat foundation is 1.33, single foundation is 1.87 as a comparative analysis Critical Path. Forth, Each foundational type characteristics order through the matrix method is that overall each formal type of foundation contraries at economical efficiency and construction efficiency, construction duration. Also expect contradiction between engineers and owners due to engineer pursuit construction duration and ewer to begin with economical efficiency. Fifth, The selection of suitable foundation formal type needs that based consider project characteristic and field condition as according to above result of a comparative analysis. As a result, a comparative analysis economical efficiency, construction efficiency, construction duration of Mat foundation, Drop Mat foundation, single foundation with 3Bay reinforced structure underground parking lots on the healthy ground.