• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.183-197
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• 2007

There is a growing trend for asset intensive industries to outsource maintenance services of their complex assets since outsourcing through service contract reduces upfront investments in infrastructure, expertise and specialised maintenance facilities. Estimation of costs for such contracts is complex and it is important to the user and the service providers for economic variability. The service provider's profit is influenced by many factors such as the terms of the contract, reliability of asset, and the servicing strategies, costs of resources needed to carryout maintenance. There is a need to develop mathematical models for understanding future costs to build it into the contract price. Three policies for service contracts are proposed in this paper considering the concepts of outsourcing maintenance service of assets to the service providers. Conceptual models are developed for estimating servicing costs of outsourcing through service contracts by considering time dependent failure mode.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Defense firms' excess profitability by shifting common overhead costs from non-defense sector to defense sector in the award of cost reimbursement type of defense contracts is a widespread conclusion in prior researches. In this paper, we reviewed cost-shifting incentives in defense-contracting firms and extended the analysis of McGowan and Vendrzyk(2002) by applying modified model to Korea Defense Contracts. We formulated six hypotheses to test the relation of cost-shifting and excess profitability regarding market openness, auditing system, ranking in defense contracts, and firm types(sole defense contractors, sole non-defense contractors, and defense and non-defense mixed contractors). But, we could not find any evidence that defense firms shifted costs from non-defense sector to defense sector for the period 1997-2002. The results suggest that the excess profitability of Korea defense firms may not be from the cost-shifting but from other reasons.

• 정보학연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 완전한 무역전자화(paperless)를 목표로 무역업무철자에서 현재 진행되고 있는 무역금융EDI현상을 국제적 동향과 일본의 동향(주로 서류의 전자화)을 중심으로 고찰한 후, 해상적하보험분야에서 종래EDI의 활용과 시스템환경변화에 따른 새로운 EDI적용환경의 적용현상을 토대로 보험회사의 시각을 중심으로 수출입화물에 필요한 화물해상보험계약에서의 EDI적용과 향후과제들을 제시하였다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Blockchain is a secure technology that enables transactions between parties without risking data corruption. Besides cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology is being widely adopted in various forms by diverse industries. One promising application is construction contracts. Given that construction projects are executed under strict contractual requirements, blockchain technology-based contracts can ensure that contractual requirements are executed among parties to the contract. The objective of this study is to apply blockchain technology to smart construction contracts and determine their potential feasibility in construction management. In this study, a prototype smart construction contract is presented and its applicability is explored. We conclude that smart construction contracts can be effective as a contractual tool to enhance payment flows in the construction process.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2023

As the DeFi market continues to expand, fraudulent activities using smart contracts have also increased. HoneyPot and Ponzi schemes are well-known frauds that exploit smart contracts. While several studies have demonstrated the potential to detect smart contracts implementing these scams, there has been a lack of research focusing on simultaneously detecting both types of fraud. This paper addresses this gap by harnessing artificial intelligence to conduct experiments for the detection of both HoneyPot and Ponzi schemes. The study employs the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model, commonly used for malware detection. To effectively utilize CNN, the bytecode of smart contracts is transformed into visual representations. The experimental results showcase a recall rate of 0.89 and an F1 score of 0.85, indicating promising detection capabilities.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2003

Legal rules applying to the commerce and international commerce in particular contracts, proper law, jurisdiction and so on, have improved with time and experience. Engaging in e-commerce on the World Wide Web may expose the company to the risk of being sued in any foreign country where Internet user can establish a legal claim. The modem law of contracts is highly sophisticated and difficult to understand. With contracts created in cyberspace, the basic rules are no difference that we can find. However, there are situations in e-commerce that are altogether new and to which the existing rules cannot apply. Here uncertainty and business risk is too high for trading partners to deal with certainty. Therefore existing law must change to e-commerce law so that it provides certainty and enforceability over e-commerce. UNCITRAL Working Group on Electronic Commerce prepared the Preliminary Draft Convention on [International] Contracts Concluded or Evidenced by Data Message from the thirty-ninth session in 2002 which applies to international contracts concluded or evidenced by means of data messages. An electronic contract is concluded when the acceptance of an offer becomes effective, and an offer becomes effective when it is received by the offeree, and an acceptance of an offer becomes effective when the indication of assent is received by the offeror according to this Convention. Electronic contract may be concluded by the interaction of an automated computer system and natural person or by the interaction of automated computer systems, and a contract formed by a natural person that accesses an automated computer system of another person has no legal effect in case the neutral person made a material error in a data message.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.348-365
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• 2015

본 연구는 국토교통부 전 월세 실거래가 자료를 활용하여 2010년 12월부터 2015년 4월까지 서울시 강남 3구의 아파트 임대차시장의 월세화와 그 특성을 실증적으로 분석한다. 실증분석 결과 재건축아파트보다는 일반아파트가 보증금과 월세 간 대체성이 보다 효율적인 것으로 나타난다. 또한 월세계약은 시중금리와 동일하게 움직이면서 단기금리와 연계되고 있다. 동일 아파트를 대상으로 전세와 월세 간 대체성을 분석한 결과 보증금 비율이 낮은 월세 계약일수록 월세 이율이 높게 나타나, 보증금 비율에 따른 월세 가구의 세입자 부담 완화 대책이 시급한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2020

Long-term shipping contracts represent the cooperative and coexisting relationships between the shipping and steel industries. Yet, differences between the contract forms for iron ore and steel products have emerged. Specifically, the large proportion of consecutive voyage charters (CVC) is being applied in the iron ore trade, whereas the contract of affreightment (COA) is proportionally higher for shipping steel products. The literature review and in-depth interviews in this study identified through the research model, the characteristics of the shipping and market structure in both markets have significantly contributed to the preference of different long-term contracts. It has been determined that the mutual oligopoly market structure and the characteristics of shipping such as, the small number of suitable vessels in the market, the single fixed load/discharge ports, the long-distance voyages, and the potential risks for fatal accidents because of cargo liquefaction, for the iron ore trade, provide higher contribution to the preference of CVC contracts. In contrast, the consignor oligopoly market structure and the shipping characteristics, such as the greater number of suitable vessels available in the market, the variation in ports, the cargo quantity per shipment, the various load/discharge ports, and the need for experienced carriers for steel product loading in the steel product trade has shown higher preference on the COA contracts as the consignors with superiority over the shipowners, resulting in favorable contract types and conditions for the consignors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2012

방송 제작산업의 불공정 거래관행은 계약과 제작관행이 주원인이다. 불공정 거래 행위 발생 원인은 계약 체결 시점, 계약 내용의 미비, 계약 내용의 불이행 문제로 분류할 수 있다. 특히 계약 내용의 불이행은 제작 업계의 관행이 주요한 원인이다. 따라서 불공정 거래 관행 개선을 위해서는 계약 체계 정립을 통해 제작 관행의 개선을 유도하여야 한다. 먼저 방송 산업의 특성상 본계약 이전에 예약을 체결하는 것이 바람직하다. 집필계약, 출연계약, 고용계약의 근본이 되는 표준제작계약서를 제정하여 계약 관계를 통해 방송제작산업이 공정하고 체계적으로 추동될 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것이 시급하다. 표준제작계약서에는 방송사에서 파견한 인력이 지켜야 할 의무 조항, 포맷을 개발한 제작사의 권리 인정, 제작의 자율성 범위 규정 등의 내용이 명기되어야 한다. 또한 방송법 내에 금지조항을 신설하여 불공정 거래 발생 원인을 제한하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.155-183
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study identified the perceived quality of parent-child relationships and attitudes toward filial duty contracts among young adult children. Also, this study is to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics and perceived quality parent-child relationships on the attitudes toward filial duty contracts and the requirement for filial duty contract details. Method: For this study, a survey was conducted with 210 college student children in young adulthood in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of the 'Attitudes toward Filial Duty Contracts Scale', the 'Requirement for Filial Duty Contract Details Scale', and the 'Quality of Parent-Child Relationships Scale' with a demographic questionnaire. Specifically, the Attitudes toward Filial Duty Contracts Scale consisted of the support for contract, the intention of contract, and reservation contract amount on young adult children's mind. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The major findings of this study are as follows: First, young adult children reported the relationship with mother better than father's and mid levels of support and intention of filial duty contract. They also showed that their reservation contract amount on their mind was about 500 million won. Second, the multiple regression analyses revealed that gender and pride of one's father positively related to their support for filial contract. Also, gender, the pride of one's father, and emotional closeness to one's father significantly affected their intention of filial contract. In addition, among the variables, only monthly family income significantly predicted their reservation contract amount. Finally, the multiple regression analyses revealed that birth order and gender significantly predicted the normative duty contract. Also, the pride of one's father significantly affected the emotional support contract. However, filial duty contract details such as caregiving for sick parents, physical support, and economic support have been found to be meaningless. Conclusions: The findings suggest that preparative education of aging for parents who are considering making the filial duty contracts with their children should include some realistic advice. These pieces of advice include their parent-child relationship and consideration of their own overall asset sizes.