• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1999

This study is concerned with the educational program Visual Analysis Tool (VAT) for sound development for foreign intonation using personal computer. The VAT can run on IBM-PC 386 compatible or higher. It shows the spectrogram, waveform, intensity and the pitch contour. The system can work freely on either waveform zoom in-out or the documentation of measured value. In this paper, intensity and pitch contour information were used. Twelve French sentences were recorded from a French conversational tape. And three Korean participated in this study. They spoke out twelve sentences repeatly and trid to make the same pitch contour - by visually matching their pitcgh contour to the native speaker's. A sentences were recorded again when the participants themselves became familiar with intonation, intensity and pauses. The difference of pitch contour(rising or falling), pitch value, energy, total duration of sentences and the boundary of rhythmic group between native speaker's and theirs before and after training were compared. The results were as following: 1) In a declarative sentence: a native speaker's general pitch contour falls at the end of sentences. But the participant's pitch contours were flat before training. 2) In an interrogative: the native speaker made his pitch contours it rise at the end of sentences with the exception of wh-questions (qu'est-ce que) and a pitch value varied a greath. In the interrogative 'S + V' form sentences, we found the pitch contour rose higher in comparison to other sentences and it varied a great deal. 3) In an exclamatory sentence: the pitch contour looked like a shape of a mountain. But the participants could not make it fall before or after training.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.731-740
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• 2002

We derive the generalized Hermite interpolation by using the contour integral and extend the generalized Hermite interpolation to obtain the sampling expansion involving derivatives for band-limited functions f, that is, f is an entire function satisfying the following growth condition ｜f(ｚ)｜$\leq$ A exp($\sigma$｜y｜) for some A, $\sigma$ > 0 and any ｚ=$\varkappa$ + iy∈C.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.2 s.141
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• pp.159-162
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• 1981

The author devised a simple technique for duplicating occlusal contour of natural teeth on the prepared abutments using hard stone index obtained from the study cast of natural teeth. Throughout this author devised method, the following advantages are studied. Firstly the dentist can obtain an ideal occlusal wax patterns which have arrived at the physiologic state through a long period of adjustment to various habits and functional movements. Secondly the construction procedure is simple, and thirdly it is easy to adjust wax pattern of nomal natural teeth which duplication is required.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.40-46
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• 2006

Automatic recognition of container identifier is one of key factor to implement port automation and increase distribution throughput. In this paper, I propose a method of container identifier recognition on various input images using color based edge detection and character verification algorithm, I tested the proposed method on 350 container images and it showed good results.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 1995

In this paper, an algorithm that finds man-made structures in a praylevel aerial images is proposed to perform stereo matching. An extracted contour of buildings must have a high accuracy in order to get a good feature-based stereo matching result. Therefore this study focuses on the use of edge following in the original image rather than use of ordinary edge filters. The Algorithm is composed of two main categories; one is to find candidate regions in the whole image and the other is to extract exact contours of each building which each candidate region.. The region growing method using the centroid linkage method of variance value is used to find candidate regions of building and the contour line tracing algorithm based on an adge following method is used to extract exact contours. The result shows that the almost contours of building composed of line segments are extracted.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2014

Background The technique of delayed-immediate breast reconstruction includes immediate insertion of a tissue expander, post-mastectomy radiation, followed by reconstruction. The aesthetic benefits of delayed-immediate reconstruction compared to delayed reconstruction are postulated but remain unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare aesthetic outcomes in patients following delayed and delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent delayed or delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2011. Postoperative photographs were used to evaluate aesthetic outcomes: skin quality, scar formation, superior pole contour, inferior pole contour, and overall aesthetic outcome. Ten non-biased reviewers assessed outcomes using a 5-point Likert scale. Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparative analysis. Results Patient age and body mass index were similar between delayed (n=20) and delayed-immediate (n=20) cohorts (P>0.05). Skin and scar quality was rated significantly higher in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.74 vs. 3.05, P<0.001 and 3.41 vs. 2.79, P<0.001; respectively). Assessment of contour-related parameters, superior pole and inferior pole, found significantly improved outcomes in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.67 vs. 2.96, P<0.001 and 3.84 vs. 3.06, P<0.001; respectively). Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction had a significantly higher overall score compared to delayed breast reconstructions (3.84 vs. 2.94, P<0.001). Smoking and the time interval from radiation to reconstruction were found to affect aesthetic outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusions Preservation of native mastectomy skin may allow for improved skin/scar quality, breast contour, and overall aesthetic outcomes following a delayed-immediate reconstructive algorithm as compared to delayed breast reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2023

In this paper we propose a new algorithm for detecting and counting flowers in a complex background based on digital images. The algorithm mainly includes the following parts: edge contour extraction of flowers, edge contour determination of overlapped flowers and flower counting. We use a contour detection technique in Computer Vision (CV) to extract the edge contours of flowers and propose an improved algorithm with a concave point detection technique to find accurate segmentation for overlapped flowers. In this process, we first use the polygon approximation to smooth edge contours and then adopt the second-order central moments to fit ellipse contours to determine whether edge contours overlap. To obtain accurate segmentation points, we calculate the curvature of each pixel point on the edge contours with an improved Curvature Scale Space (CSS) corner detector. Finally, we successively give three adaptive judgment criteria to detect and count flowers accurately and automatically. Both experimental results and the proposed evaluation indicators reveal that the proposed algorithm is more efficient for flower counting.

• MALSORI
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• no.21_24
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• pp.43-89
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• 1992

In this thesis, the prominent aspect of word accent in standard Korean is studied by auditory test and acoustic analysis experiment. The definition of 'accent' is, following Hoyoung Lee's discussion(1990), to be described as 'the means whereby a focused part of an utterance is made to stand out in order to concentrate the hearer's attention on it.' That is to say, the ten of 'accent' may be described in terms of phonological phenomenon and the accented syllable can be phonetically prominent as the result of those phonological process. Prosodic features may have different characteristics in different languages whether they contain linguistically important functions or not. Thus the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean will be determined as the content and trait of prosodic features. Following this viewpoint, present study looked over prosodic features which may effect the characteristics of word accent in standard Korean, through systematic experimental procedure. And the result of this experiment has been verified by statistical method, the T-test, for the purpose of identifying the relatedness among prosodic features(parameters). This thesis, therefore, aimed to investigate the intrinsic acoustic and physical qualities of the word accent in standard Korean. Nonsense words composed by 'mal' and 'ma' which can be divided into 'heavy syllable' and 'light syllable' quoted from Hyman(1975) have been classified into 28 types with respect to syllable numbers(2 syl., 3 sy1., 4 syl.) and these words have become the target of auditory test and acoustic experiment. As the result of those experimental Procedures, the word accent in standard Korean may be said that it has a tendency of fixing first two syllables regardless of syllable numbers. The syllable types of HH, HL, LL in the first two syllables may be prominent at first syllable and the type of H may be at second syllable. Various prosodic features(parameters) including duration, intensity, and Fo(purely phonetic terms) were also strengthened in those positions. The result of this experiment can be cleared up like these : 1. The most important feature is proved as 'duration', the feature of intensity resulted in more subsidiary one than the feature of duration. 2. Fo( fundamental frequency) could be observed as having some coherent contour through almost all syllable types(99 ％), that is, in 2 syllable types, it had rising contour, in 2 syllable types, rising-falling contour, and in 4 syllable types, it contained rising-falling-rising contour. The result of auditory test was different with those contour forms of all Fo surveyed. With respect to these results, the discuss for Fo is determined' to be excluded comparing other features. 3. Finally, this thesis resulted in a decision that the word accent in standard Korean may has fixed(somewhat weaker) accent, especially fixed at first two syllables in almost all words. 4. Various kinds of syllable types related with 2,3,4 syllables, therefore, can be reclassified into 4 types of HH, HL, LH, LL following the concept of accent fixing placement(i.e. first two syllables). In these 4 types, the types of HH, HL, LL were prominent at the position of the first syllable , and the type of LH was prominent at the second syllable otherwise.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1985

In Digital Terrain Model(DTM), more accurate data acquisition method is of importance. This paper has the purpose of accuracy analysis of progressive sampling method, one of data acquisition method. Especially, The following in accuracy analysis are compared and analyzed. -Comparison and analysis for position error between the digital contour lines using digital terrain model and the conventional contour lines using A-10 Plotter. -Analysis for height error of interpolation points according to application of progressive sampling method. For above numerical tests, Computer Program related to auto-carto of contour lines was made up. As a result of tests, threshold and sampling criterion have close of mutual relation to accuracy. Particularly, it was found that auto-carto of contour lines-threshold of 1.0 m and standard criterion-almost concurred in conventional contour lines.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-291
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• 1999

The tube model theory of entangled polymer presumes that the polymer chain holds its equilibrium contour length under certain conditions of flow; at times longer than a certain characteristic time, ${\tau}_k$, in the stress relaxation process following any flow history; in steady flow of rates smaller than ${{\tau}_k}^{-1}$; etc. Rheological phenomena associated with this presumption are discussed.