• Title/Summary/Keyword: continuous monitoring

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New record and prediction of the potential distribution of the invasive alien species Brassica tournefortii (Brassicaceae) in Korea (국내 침입외래식물 사막갓(Brassica tournefortii; Brassicaceae)의 보고 및 잠재 분포 예측)

  • KANG, Eun Su;KIM, Han Gyeol;NAM, Myoung Ja;CHOI, Mi Jung;SON, Dong Chan
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.184-195
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    • 2022
  • The invasive alien species Brassica tournefortii Gouan (Brassicaceae) is herein reported for the first time in Korea, from Gunsan-si, Gochang-gun, and Jeju-si. Brassica tournefortii can easily be distinguished from B. juncea and B. napus by its dense stiff hairs at the base of the stem and leaves, basally and distally branched stems, partially dehiscent fruits, and seeds that become mucilaginous in the presence of moisture. Although some taxonomists have classified this species as belonging to Coincya Rouy based on its fruit and seed characteristics, the existence of one vein on the fruit valves and our maximum likelihood analysis using internal transcribed spacer sequences placed it in Brassica. Distribution data, photographs, and a description of B. tournefortii are presented herein. Moreover, potential changes in the distribution of B. tournefortii were predicted under different climate scenarios, but our analysis showed that the probability of the spreading of this species is low. Nevertheless, continuous monitoring is necessary for an accurate assessment. The results of the present study can be used to conduct an invasion risk assessment and can assist with the effective management of this invasive alien species.

Review of Remote Sensing Technology for Forest Canopy Height Estimation and Suggestions for the Advancement of Korea's Nationwide Canopy Height Map (원격탐사기반 임분고 추정 모델 개발 국내외 현황 고찰 및 제언)

  • Lee, Boknam;Jung, Geonhwi;Ryu, Jiyeon;Kwon, Gyeongwon;Yim, Jong Su;Park, Joowon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.111 no.3
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    • pp.435-449
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    • 2022
  • Forest canopy height is an indispensable vertical structure parameter that can be used for understanding forest biomass and carbon storage as well as for managing a sustainable forest ecosystem. Plot-based field surveys, such as the national forest inventory, have been conducted to provide estimates of the forest canopy height. However, the comprehensive nationwide field monitoring of forest canopy height has been limited by its cost, lack of spatial coverage, and the inaccessibility of some forested areas. These issues can be addressed by remote sensing technology, which has gained popularity as a means to obtain detailed 2- and 3-dimensional measurements of the structure of the canopy at multiple scales. Here, we reviewed both international and domestic studies that have used remote sensing technology approaches to estimate the forest canopy height. We categorized and examined previous approaches as: 1) LiDAR approach, 2) Stereo or SAR image-based point clouds approach, and 3) combination approach of remote sensing data. We also reviewed upscaling approaches of utilizing remote sensing data to generate a continuous map of canopy height across large areas. Finally, we provided suggestions for further advancement of the Korean forest canopy height estimation system through the use of various remote sensing technologies.

The Direction of Inter-Korean Cooperation on Ecological Conservation along the Han and Imjin Rivers Confluence: Focusing on Conservation of Migratory Species (한강-임진강 합류부 환경·생태보전을 위한 남북협력 방향: 이동성 생물종 보전을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Hyun-Ah;Han, Donguk
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2022
  • The debate of South-North transboundary rivers must be expanded from the existing cooperation in water resources towards cooperation within ecosystem conservation. Regarding the Han and Imjin rivers confluence water system, the nature of the estuarine ecosystem must be conserved considering the aspect of climate change. Furthermore, the agenda of maintaining continuous inter-Korean communication and cooperation should focus on ecosystem conservation, including conserving migratory species that inhabit both Koreas. Notably, within the Han and Imjin rivers confluence, transboundary rivers are abundant legally protected species such as Grus vipio, Anser fabalis, Anser cygnoides, Platalea minor, Lutra lutra, Prionailurus bengalensis which suggests a strong need for a debate regarding habitat conservation. This study analyzed the ecosystem conditions and environmental aspects within the confluence of Han and Imjin rivers. In addition, this study provided step wise approach of ecosystem conservation that consider conditions for potential direct inter-Korean cooperation. The inter-Korean cooperation mentioned in this study will be developed into legitimate cooperation once the results from monitoring the ecosystem of transboundary rivers, awareness raising are exchanged.

Factors associated with the growth of preterm infants (미숙아의 성장과 관련 요인 연구)

  • Jeon, Jisu;Seo, Won Hee;Chung, Sang-Jin
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.572-586
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study examined the factors that may affect the growth status of preterm infants. Methods: This study included 91 preterm infants born at <37 weeks of gestation (22.9-36.9 weeks of gestation), including 48 (52.7%) males and 43 (47.3%) females. Diet-related data were collected through parental questionnaires, and growth-related data, such as height and weight, were collected through the hospital medical records. Results: No significant difference in weight and growth was observed between early and late preterm infants. On the other hand, smaller averages of all weight z-score (recent weight at 40 weeks of gestation) included lower birth weight, height, and head circumference. On the other hand, infants' birth weight, height, and head circumference in the weight z-score of <0 (<50% in the age-weight growth chart) was smaller than those in the weight z-score of ≥0. Furthermore, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization period and NICU discharge were shorter with growth cessation age in weight z-score of <0. The weight growth velocity was associated with gestational age, birth weight, and medical treatment in the NICU. Thus, parents of preterm infants with low growth rates prefer more community care services for their children. Conclusion: Birth weight, age of preterm infants, and medical treatment in the NICU were factors related to early birth weight growth. Following NICU discharge, poor intake and intake issues were associated with poor growth after 40 weeks of gestation. Therefore, monitoring the growth of preterm infants requires continuous active involvement and supports for growth-promoting factors after NICU discharge.

Detection of Tracheal Sounds using PVDF Film and Algorithm Establishment for Sleep Apnea Determination (PVDF 필름을 이용한 기관음 검출 및 수면무호흡 판정 알고리즘 수립)

  • Jae-Joong Im;Xiong Li;Soo-Min Chae
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 2023
  • Sleep apnea causes various secondary disease such as hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, depression and cognitive impairment. Early detection and continuous management of sleep apnea are urgently needed since it causes cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, wearable device for monitoring respiration during sleep using PVDF film was developed to detect vibration through trachea caused by breathing, which determines normal breathing and sleep apnea. Variables such as respiration rate and apnea were extracted based on the detected breathing sound data, and a noise reduction algorithm was established to minimize the effect even when there is a noise signal. In addition, it was confirmed that irregular breathing patterns can be analyzed by establishing a moving threshold algorithm. The results show that the accuracy of the respiratory rate from the developed device was 98.7% comparing with the polysomnogrphy result. Accuracy of detection for sleep apnea event was 92.6% and that of the sleep apnea duration was 94.0%. The results of this study will be of great help to the management of sleep disorders and confirmation of treatment by commercialization of wearable devices that can monitor sleep information easily and accurately at home during daily life and confirm the progress of treatment.

Epidemiological Study of KPC-2 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated in Daejeon During a 4-Year Period (최근 4년간 대전지역에서 분리된 KPC-2 생성 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 역학적 연구)

  • Hye Hyun, Cho
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2022
  • The emergence and dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), particularly the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, has been rapidly increasing worldwide and is becoming a serious public health threat. Since the epidemiology and characteristics of these KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae vary according to the region and period under consideration, this study investigated the prevalence of carbapenemases and the epidemiological relationship of 78 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from a tertiary hospital in Daejeon, from March 2017 to December 2020. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were identified using the disk-diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to determine the carbapenemase genes. In addition, molecular epidemiology was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among the 78 CRKP isolates, 35 isolates (44.9%) were carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CPKP) and the major carbapenemase type was KPC-2 (30 isolates, 85.7%). The New Delhi metallo-enzyme-1 (NDM-1) and NDM-5 were identified in 4 isolates (11.4%) and 1 isolate (2.9%), respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed 10 sequence types (STs) and the most prevalent ST was ST307 (51.4%, 18/35). All the ST307 isolates were KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae and were multidrug-resistant (MDR). In addition, ST307 has gradually emerged during a four-year period. These findings indicate that continuous monitoring and proper infection control are needed to prevent the spread of KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae ST307.

Molecular Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seawater, Fish Tanks, and Distributed Fishery Products in Jeju (제주지역 해수, 수족관물, 유통수산물에서 분리된 장염비브리오균의 분자생물학적 특성)

  • Man Jae Cho;Eunok Kang;Ye-seul Heo;Eun A Koh
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.246-254
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    • 2023
  • V. parahaemolyticus causes waterborne and foodborne disease such as acute diarrhea. In this study, V. parahaemolyticus isolates from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products in Jeju were investigated for potential toxin or species-specific genes (tdh, trh, tlh, and toxR) using RT-PCR and their genetic characteristics were analyzed using Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall, V. parahaemolyticus of 90 strains (36.7%), including 33 strains from seawater, 8 strains from fish tanks, and 50 strains from fishery products, were isolated from 245 samples. All V. parahaemolyticus strains did not detect the tdh gene, whereas all strains detected tlh or toxR genes. In addition, trh genes were detected in 3 strains from seawater and 1 strain from fishery products. Monthly quantitative testing of seawater revealed that V. parahaemolyticus was positively correlated with water temperature. The 90 strains of V. parahemolyticus obtained in this study showed by gene homology between types, ranging from 64.0-97.3%. Among these, thirteen types showed 100% homology between genes. These results indicate that continuous monitoring is needed to facilitate food poisoning epidemiological investigations because some isolated V. parahaemolyticus strains harbored toxin genes and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater, fish tanks, and distributed fishery products showed genetic similarity.

Evaluation of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Reduction through Greenwalls in Classrooms (교실 내 벽면녹화를 통한 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 저감 효과 평가)

  • Chi-Ku Choi;Ho-Hyeong Yang;Ho-Hyun Kim;Hyuk-Ku Kwon
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.183-189
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    • 2023
  • Background: The indoor air quality of classrooms, in which the capacity per unit area is high and students spend time together, must be managed for safety and comfort. It is necessary to develop an eco-friendly indoor air quality reduction method rather than biased management that relies solely on air purifiers. Objectives: In this study, plants and air purifiers were installed in middle school classrooms to evaluate the indoor PM2.5 reduction. Methods: Four middle school classrooms were selected as test beds. Air quality was monitored in real-time every one minute using IoT equipment installed in the classrooms, corridors, and rooftops. After measuring the background concentration, plants and air purifiers were installed in the classroom and the PM2.5 reduction effect was analyzed through continuous monitoring. Results: After installing the plants and air purifiers, the average PM2.5 concentration was 33.7 ㎍/m3 in the classrooms without plants and air purifiers, 25.6 ㎍/m3 in classrooms with plants only, and 21.7 ㎍/m3 in classrooms with air purifiers only. In the classroom where plants and air purifiers were installed together, it was 20.0 ㎍/m3. The reduction rates before and after installation were 4.5% for classrooms with plants only, 16.5% for classrooms with air purifiers only, and 27.6% for classrooms with both plants and air purifiers. The I/O ratio, which compares the concentration of PM2.5 in classrooms with corridors and outside air, also showed the lowest in the order of plants and air purifiers, air purifiers, and plant-only classrooms. Conclusions: The PM2.5 reduction effect of using plants was confirmed, and it is expected to be used as basic data for the development of environmentally-friendly indoor air quality improvement methods.

Inferring Pedestrian Level of Service for Pathways through Electrodermal Activity Monitoring

  • Lee, Heejung;Hwang, Sungjoo
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.1247-1248
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    • 2022
  • Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

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Trends in Mycotoxin Contamination of Cereals and Cereal Products in Korea (국내산 곡류와 곡류 가공품의 곰팡이독소 오염 동향)

  • Theresa, Lee;Seul Gi, Baek;Sosoo, Kim;Ji-Seon, Paek;Jin Ju, Park;Jangnam, Choi;Jung-Hye, Choi;Ja Yeong, Jang;Jeomsoon, Kim
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.179-194
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    • 2022
  • In this review, the mycotoxin contamination of Korean cereals and their products is analyzed by crop based on scientific publications since 2000. Barley, rice, and corn were investigated heavier than the others. The common mycotoxins occurred in all cereals and their products were deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Nivalenol was detected in all samples analyzed but more frequently or mainly in barley, rice, and oat. Fumonisin was commonly detected in corn and sorghum but also in adlay, millet, and rice. Adlay and millet were similar in the contamination pattern that fumonisin and zearalenone were the most frequently detected mycotoxins. Zearalenone was the most commonly detected mycotoxin with concentrations higher than the national standards (maximum limit), followed by deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxin. However, most occurrence levels were below the maximum limits for respective mycotoxins. This result shows that barley, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, and adlay are more vulnerable to mycotoxin contamination than other cereals and therefore continuous monitoring and safety management are necessary.