• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-146
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy with oriental medication on the patient with regional rheumatoid arthritis. The patient had resistant to DMARDs so she was in the debilitating condition and suffered from edema, pain, stiffness of joint and purpura before live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy. Methods : The regional rheumatoid arthritis patient had edema, pain, stiffness of joint and purpura on right foot. We treated the patient with live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine. Results : The symptoms of regional rheumatoid arthritis was improved through live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine. The patient maintains her condition with oriental medicine treatment after stopped all DMARDs such as MTX(methotrexate) and NSAIDs. After this treatment the patient's walking difficulty has been improved. Conclusions : This study shows that live leech(hirudo medicinalis) therapy and oriental medicine can elevate the regional rheumatoid arthritis patient's quality of life with continuous health care and treatment for major problem. For more accurate studies, further studies would be needed with more cases.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2015

Purpose: The study was undertaken to investigate effects of susceptibility to musculoskeletal disorder, social support, and environmental aids on exercise adherence intention and to identify factors contributing to exercise adherence intention among university students. Methods: The study was a descriptive study with 277 students from 3 universities. Data were collected from March 5 to May 30, 2014 using a structured self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The explanatory power of the predictive model involving the demographic factors, susceptibility to musculoskeletal disorder, social support, and environmental aids was 29%, and the subjects' gender, health concern, experience of musculoskeletal injury, regular exercise, and social support were identified as main factors having influence. Conclusion: The results of this study will be helpful in understanding the importance of environmental factors for increasing physical activities and will be used as basic data for development of exercise programs to increase exercise adherence intention for their continuous exercise.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a cognitive improvement program on cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), depression, life satisfaction, and grasping power in small groups. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 127 elders who were never diagnosed with dementia and could read (experimental: 61, control: 66). The program was consisted of 8 sessions to improve vocabulary and writing skills and fine motor skills. Each session was applied once a week for 8 weeks. A group was consisted of less than five members. Results: Cognition (t=3.82, p<.001), depression (t=-2.24, p=.027), life satisfaction (t=2.25, p=.027), and grasping power (Rt: t=2.44, p=.016, Lt: t=2.63, p=.010) except ADL (t=-0.49, p=.622) were significantly increased in the experimental group after the cognitive improvement program compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates that the cognitive improvement program was effective to improve cognition, depression, life satisfaction and grasping power. Further study is needed in order to identify continuous effects of this cognitive improvement program.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.18-20
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• 2003

Optimal processing and system to produce the laser welded tube for one body formed bumper beam are studied. The calculated size of tube is a thickness of 1.4mm, diameter of 105.4mm and length of 2000mm. The tube is shaped from cool rolled high strength steel sheet(tensile strength: 60kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ grade). Two roll bending method is the optimal tube shaping process compared to UO-bending, bending on press brake, multi-step continuous roll forming and 3 roll bending methods. Weld quality monitoring and seam tracking along the butt-joint lengthwise to the tube axis are also studied. The longitudinal butt-joint is welded by the $CO_2$ laser welding system equipped with a seam tracker and plasma sensor. The constructed $CO_2$ laser tube welding system can be used for the precision seam tracking and the real-time monitoring of weld quality. Finally, the obtained laser welded tube can be used for one-body formed automobile bumper beam.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.170-173
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• 2014

In order to assess the impact of proprioceptive exercises on the position sense ability of the knee joint, we conducted an analysis using Biodex System $3pro^{(R)}$, targeting 42 ordinary people (male=22, female=20). After applying proprioceptive exercise, we measured changes in balance and flexibility, and active articular position sense (AAPS), depending on gender. To find out the change in each measurement item variable, we carried out dependent t-tests. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. The research showed that after applying the proprioceptive exercise, AAPS was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). In the case of women, the flexibility was significantly improved (p<.01). Also, the balance was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). Therefore, the proprioceptive exercise program is considered to be very useful in improving muscle and joint function, and preventing injuries. Thus, continuous clinical studies using Biodex system $3pro^{(R)}$ are required for a variety of scientific evaluations of proprioceptive skills.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.445-450
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• 2015

Generally, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to collect image or video from earth's surface. The collected data are stored on-board and/or transmitted to the main ground station directly or via polar ground station using terrestrial line. Today, an intersatellite link between a LEO and a GEO satellite allows transmission of the collected data to the main ground station through the GEO satellite. In this study, an approach for a continuous communication starting from LEO through GEO to ground station is proposed by determining the optimum ground station locations. In doing so, diverse ground stations help to determine the GEO orbit as well. Cross-correlation of the long term daily rainfall averages are multiplied with the logarithmic correlation of the sites to calculate the joint correlation of the diverse ground station locations. The minimum values of this joint correlation yield the optimum locations of the ground stations for Q/V-band communication and satellite control operations. Results for several case studies are listed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined the influence of visuomotor congruency on learning a relative phase relationship between a single joint movement and an external signal. Methods: Participants (N=5) were required to rhythmically coordinate elbow flexion-extension movements with a continuous sinusoidal wave (0.375 Hz) at a $90^{\circ}$ relative phase relationship. The congruent group was provided online feedback in which the elbow angle decreased (corresponding to elbow flexion) as the angle trajectory was movingup, and vice versa. The incongruent group was provided online feedback in which the elbow angle decreased as the angle trajectory was moving down, and vice versa. There were two practice sessions (day 1 and 2) and each session consisted of 6 trials per block (5 blocks per session). Retention tests were performed 24 hours after session 2, and only the external sinusoidal wave was provided. Repeated ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis. Results: During practice, the congruent group was significantly less variable than the incongruent group. Phase variability in the incongruent group did not significantly change across blocks, while variability decreased significantly in the congruent group. In retention, the congruent group produced the required $90^{\circ}$ relative phase pattern with significantly less phase variability than the incongruent group. Conclusions: Congruent visual feedback facilitates learning. Moreover, the deprivation of online feedback does not affect the congruent group but does affect the incongruent group in retention.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2006

A study has been conducted for an optimal processing and an apparatus for manufacturing a laser welded tube for one-body formed bumper beam. The tube dimensions used in calculation were the thickness of 1.4 mm, the diameter of 105.4 mm and the length of 2000 mm. The tube was formed of a cold rolled high strength steel plate(tensile strength of 600 MPa). The two-roll bending method was the optimal tube forming process in comparison with the UO-bending method, the bending method on the press brake, the multi-step continuous roll-forming method and the 3-roll bending method. Monitoring of the welding quality was conducted and the seam tracking along the butt-joint lengthwise to the tube axis was also examined. The longitudinal butt-joint was welded by using a $CO_2$ laser welding machine equipped with a seam tracker and a plasma sensor. The $CO_2$ laser tube welding machine could be used for precise seam tracking and real-time monitoring of the welding quality. As a result, the developed laser welded tube could be used for a one-body formed automobile bumper beam.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.166-169
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• 2005

A 10 year-old castrated male Maltese dog with a mass on the right carpal joint was referred to the Chungnam National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Mass size was 0.5 cm in width, 0.8 cm in length and 0.8 cm in height. Surface of the mass was hairless and ulcerated, and also the peripheral furs of mass were discolored by continuous licking. This case was diagnosed as basal cell tumor by fine needle aspiration and histopathologic examination. This dog didn't lick the carpal joint after surgery.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1163-1171
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• 2016

Integration technologies involving flexible substrates are receiving significant attention owing the appearance of new products regarding wearable and Internet of Things technologies. There has been a continuous demand from the industry for a reliable bonding method applicable to a low-temperature process and flexible substrates. Up to now, however, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been predominantly used in applications involving flexible substrates; we therefore suggest low-temperature lead-free soldering and bonding processes as a possible alternative for flex-on-flex applications. Test vehicles were designed on polyimide flexible substrates (FPCBs) to measure the contact resistances. Solder bumping was carried out using a solder-on-pad process with Solder Bump Maker based on Sn58Bi for low-temperature applications. In addition, thermocompression bonding of FPCBs was successfully demonstrated within the temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ using a newly developed fluxing underfill material with fluxing and curing capabilities at low temperature. The same FPCBs were bonded using commercially available ACFs in order to compare the joint properties with those of a joint formed using solder and an underfill. Both of the interconnections formed with Sn58Bi and ACF were examined through a contact resistance measurement, an $85^{\circ}C$ and 85% reliability test, and an SEM cross-sectional analysis.