• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.678-689
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• 2022

HK shiitake mushroom mycelium (HKSMM), containing 14% β-glucan, is a health functional food ingredient approved individually for liver health by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The immune-enhancing efficacy of a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of HKSMM (designated HKSMM50) was studied in Jurkat cells activated with concanavalin A (ConA). Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) was used as a positive control. ConA-activated Jurkat cells were treated with HKSMM50 (0, 25, 50, 100 ㎍ g/ml) or AHCC (100 ㎍ g/ml), and cultured for 3 and 6 hours. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) protein content in the cytosol and the nucleus was measured by Western blotting. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. HKSMM50 lowered NFAT content in the cytosol, but elevated NFAT content in the nucleus. The IL-2 and IFN-γ productions were elevated. Meanwhile, both COX-2 activity and apoptosis were suppressed. The efficacy of the AHCC treatment showed similar to those of HKSMM50 treatments. These results indicate that the HKSMM50 exhibited immune-enhancing effects in ConA-treated Jurkat cells by activation of NFAT protein, and suggest that HKSMM could be used as a health functional food ingredient to improve immune functions in humans.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.145-166
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• 2022

Purpose - The field of online videos has seen rapid changes in information and communications technology (ICT) development. Despite active academic research on the use of online platforms, few studies have analyzed the relative importance among the factors determined. In this study, the relative importance of factors found in previous studies was identified for users of online video platforms in China and Korea. Through this, factors that should be considered first in research on online video use were derived. In addition, the quality level of online video platforms currently used in China and Korea was measured and used for analysis. The analysis results can provide information for companies to enter Chinese and Korean markets and also be useful to platform providers aiming to increase usage. Design/methodology - Among the factors of Online Video Usage identified in previous studies, 13 factors to be studied were selected through focus group interviews and hierarchized into 2 layers. For the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), each factor was designed as a pairwise comparison questionnaire. The survey included questions on the quality of online video platform currently in use. Data collection was conducted on 16 platforms in China and 11 platforms in Korea, and the relative importance of factors and user perspectives was compared and analyzed using importance performance analysis (IPA). In the analytical process, platforms were divided into over-the-top (OTT) group and Creator group according to the weight of user-generated content, and data analysis focused on these groups. Findings - As a result of AHP, China and Korea showed both "Fun" and "Interests" factors at the top, while the importance of the Entertainment factor "Vicarious satisfaction" was very different for China and Korea. "Relationship with content creators" was the most important factor in China, but it ranked the lowest in Korea. The IPA showed that the factors with high importance and performance were fun, interests, and easy accessibility for both China and Korea. In contrast, the factors that showed low performance compared to high importance in China were relationship with content creators, relationship with acquaintances/friends, and trustworthiness. As for Korea, vicarious satisfaction was observed; thus, this study has raised the need for academic and industrial interest in vicarious satisfaction. The results show that fun, interests, vicarious satisfaction, and easy accessibility of the platform are factors that must be included in further studies on online videos. Originality/value - Existing studies related to the use of online platforms have derived factors or focused on the influence relationship between factors and performance. However, few studies have analyzed the relative importance among the determined factors. This paper explores factors to be considered in future studies by deriving the relative importance between these factors from the perspective of users in China and Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 1997

The chemical identities of purified polysaccharide, methylan, were analyzed by various chemical methods. The polysaccharide contained 79%(w/w) sugar, 6% protein, and 16% organic acids such as uronic acid, pyruvic acid, and acetic acid. With proceeding fermentation, the acids content in methylan increased from 10% at 34 hr to 17% at 72 hr, and the viscosity of methylan in the same concentration also increased. The correlation between viscosity and acid content in methylan was studied using chemically or biologically modified methylan. Methylan with a high content of pyruvic acid exhibited a high apparent and an intrinsic ·viscosity. When the pyruvic acid content of methylan with the same content of uronic acid was increased 1%, apparent viscosity and intrinsic viscosity increased 290 cp and 6 dL/g, respectively. Methylan with a high content of uronic acid exhibited a high apparent and an intrinsic viscosity. When the uronic acid content of methylan with the same content of pyruvic acid was increased 1%, apparent viscosity and intrinsic viscosity increased 85 cp and 1.5 dL/g, respectively. It was found that the increased viscosity of methylan resulted from the increased content of organic acids in methylan, and pyruvic acid was more an important factor contributed to the increase of methylan viscosity than uronic acid.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.631-636
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• 2022

Alcohol content, which is an important standard for Takju, a traditional multiple parallel fermentation liquor called makgeolli, is a factor that can affect the flavor. For alcohol content analysis, the distillation/hydrometry technique is mainly used. In this study, we analyzed the alcohol content of 14 commercially available Takju by the distillation/hydrometry technique and the improved GC method, respectively, after verifying the reliability of improved GC method. The precision and accuracy of the GC method were satisfactory, and LOQ and LOD were evaluated as 0.5% and 0.1% of ethanol contents, respectively. Among the three Takju exceeding the labelled alcohol content ±1, one Takju was quantitated as alcohol content 9.9% (by GC method) and 10.1% (distillation/hydrometry technique) exceeding labelled 6.0%. It was within the analytical error range of alcohol content for other two Takju, where the alcohol contents were exceeded -1.1%. The average precision (%RSD) of 14 Takju analyzed by the distillation/hydrometry technique (36.2%) and the GC method (12.8%), confirming that the GC method was better than the other. The improved GC method was evaluated to be effective in managing and improving the alcohol content standard of Takju with the wide range of alcohol content.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2010

Cherries (Prunus avium L) were selected at the light red (LR) and dark red (DR) stages of maturation. Soluble solid content and the physicochemical properties of fresh 'Bing' cherries were analyzed to identify an instrumental nondestructive attribute reflecting changes in sweetness. Soluble solid content was significantly correlated with various physicochemical properties (firmness, color, and acid level) in LR-stage cherries. In DR-stage cherries, only firmness was positively correlated with soluble solid content. A positive correlation was found between soluble solid content and firmness of 200 randomly selected cherries. Thus, flesh firmness may be a useful quality factor indicating potential consumer acceptance of 'Bing' cherries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to characterize the changes occurring in the levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in bovine milk during a one-year lactation period, and to determine the parameters affecting IGF content in bovine milk. Milk was collected individually from lactating Holstein cows (n=70), and IGF-I and -II levels were determined via radioimmunoassay, using 125I after acid-ethanol treatment. The proximate compositions of the milk samples were determined using a near-infrared milk analyzer. The data were analyzed by the GLM and CORR procedures using SAS software to determine significant differences (p<0.05) occurring within groups (dairy farms, lactation periods, season, and parity). We noted an approximately six-fold reduction in the IGF-I concentration (from 2,462.7 to 353.0 ng/ml) and a three-fold drop in the IGF-II concentration (from 929.1 to 365.7 ng/ml) in the bovine colostrum, between 6 h after parturition and 18 h after parturition. IGF-I and -II content, measured at the early, middle, and late stages of lactation did not change significantly throughout the entirety of the lactation period. Interestingly, parity did not significantly affect IGF-I content, but did significantly affect IGF-II content between the primiparous and multiparous cows. We also found there were no significant relationships between IGF-I and total protein content or somatic cell counts (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.391-398
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• 2014

Identifying soil water content as a major factor for evaluating irrigation and water resource is a primary module to develop a prediction model. A variety of PTFs (Pedo-Transfer Functions) are applied in the models to estimate soil water content, the analysis techniques, however, which compare the estimated from models and the measured by instruments, are not reached at the level to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PTFs in Korea. Many soil physicians such as Eom, Peterson, Rawls, Saxton, Bruand, Baties, Tomasella & Hodnett (T&H), and Minasny, have developed analytic models using PTFs. Soil data for the analysis used soil water contents on 347 soil series (10 kPa), 358 soil series (33 kPa), 356 soil series (1,500 kPa) established by NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Science). A coefficient of determination on soil water content at 10, 33 and 1,500 kPa was the highest as 0.5932 in EM (Eom model), 0.6744 in REM (Rawls model) and 0.6108 in REM, respectively. In conclusion, it is strongly suggested that the use of EM or REM is suitable for estimating soil water content in Korea although SM (Saxton model) has been widely used.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

The thermal conductivies of grain are influenced by many physical factors such as' initial temperature, moisture content, composition, bulk density or porosity of grain. However, not only few researchers considered all these factors in determining thermal conductivities of grain but also many researchers considered only moisture content as a major effective factor on the thermal conductivity. This study was conducted to experimentally determine the thermal conductivities of rough rice (3 Japonica-type, 3 Indica-type) and barley(covered, naked) as a function of initial temperature, moisture content and porosity of grain, and to investigate the effect of those physical factors on the thermal conductivities of grain. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The average time correction value for this experimental apparatus was 7 sec, which. was insignificant to the calculated thermal conductivity. The resulting conductivity for considering time correction value was only 4.9 percent higher than that calculated by the non-corrected equation. 2. The thermal conductivity was in the range of 0.1208~0.2058W/$m^{\circ}K$ for naked barley, 0.1138~0.1724W/$m^{\circ}K$ for covered barley, 0.0912~0.1864W/$m^{\circ}K$ for Japonica-type rice and 0.086~0.1774W/$m^{\circ}K$ for Indica-type rice. 3. The thermal conductivities of grain increased with initial temperature and moisture content of grain but decreased with porosity of grain. 4. The regression equations of the thermal conductivity of each grain were determined as a function of initial temperature, moisture content and porosity. The regression equations of the thermal conductivity of both Japonica-type and Indica-type rough rice were also determined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.85-92
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between weather factors during the growing season and chemical components of burley tobacco. Chemical components used in this study was from 'Farm Leaf Tobacco Test' conducted at KT&G Central Research Institute from 1987 through 2002. Data of weather factors during growing season(April to July) were collected in 6 districts measured at Korea Meteorological Adminstration(KMA). Total nitrogen content was increased from 1987 through 2002. Year to year variation of rainfall was the largest, followed by that of sunshine hour. Month to month variation of rainfall also was the largest, followed by that of mean daily air temperature. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and sunshine hour. Relative humidity(R.H.) was correlated positively with rainfall, whereas negatively with sunshine hour. The negative correlations were found between nicotine content and rainfall(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average), and R.H.(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, May$\~$July and average), respectively. The negative correlations were found between crude ash content and rainfall(in June and May$\~$June), and R.H.(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July and May$\~$July), respectively. Ether extraction content was correlated positively with mean daily air temperature(in July, June $\~$July and May$\~$July) and with sunshine hour(in July, June$\~$July and May$\~$July), but negatively with rainfall(average) and with R.H.(in April, July, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May­July and average), respectively. Chloride content was correlated positively with sunshine hour(in May, April$\~$May, May$\~$June, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average), but negatively with rainfall(in June, May$\~$June, June$\~$July, April$\~$June, May$\~$July and average).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity, which is a known risk factor for many chronic diseases, has also been associated with vitamin D deficiency. This study explored the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and adiposity measures in a general Korean population using the most recent, nationally representative survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample consisted of 4,771 Korean adults (${\geq}19years$) who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Serum 25(OH)D was determined by radioimmunoassay. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat content were measured as adiposity measurements. Total body fat content was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in men than in women. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with energy intake, and it was negatively correlated with total body fat content (P < 0.0001) and percentage body fat (P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age in both sexes, while was inversely correlated with BMI only in women. In multivariable regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the total body fat content after adjustment for age, BMI, education, region, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and energy intake only in men (P = 0.0047). However, the serum 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with WC or BMI, indicators of adiposity after adjustment for potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with the total body fat content in a general Korean population, but it may be not associated with the indicators for estimating adiposity, such as WC or BMI.