• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

Anthropomorphism is one of the commonly used appeal methods in the field of communication design. Almost all visual images that humans encounter are exposed to this anthropomorphism, and we are consciously or unconsciously utilizing or being used. In addition, anthropomorphism can be found in almost all cultures and arts rather than in a specific field of study. Therefore, in this paper, the personification is redefined based on the relationship formation structure based on the anthropomorphic cases observed in culture and art and the results of previous studies. In addition, the personification form is defined as two kinds of personification and inverse personification according to the subject of relationship formation based on the personification type and gesture list derived from the previous study on the personification technique. Through the application cases of anthropomorphic techniques, which are appealed across the design domain, the effective anthropomorphic application system was defined. The definition of anthropomorphic relationship formation and anthropomorphic application system provided a framework for anthropomorphic techniques that could lead to effective audience satisfaction in various media. In addition, through the personification application system that synchronizes the characteristics of the conceptual traits of the medium with the gesture list and the personification type classification, it was confirmed that a device for communicating with the owner can be provided with a powerful and effective personification technique.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.339-350
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of Nurse's Job Crafting Scale. The Korean version of Job Crafting was translated and reverse-translated, and its content validity was verified by experts. Statistics were processed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs through self-report questionnaires for 151 nurses. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory actor analysis were performed to verify construct validity, and model fit, concentrated validity, and discriminant validity were confirmed through the analysis results.To verify the criterion validity, correlations with each domain were obtained using the calling scale. For reliability verification, the internal consistency reliability coefficient was calculated and confirmed. Reliability of all 20 job crafting tools was Cronbach's α = .93, with .91 for factor 1 (Increase in structural work resources, 5 questions) and .87 for factor 2 (Increase in structural work resources, 5 questions). The factor 3 (Increase in social work resources, 5 questions) was .83. The factor 4 (Increasing challenging business needs, 5 items) was .87, which was satisfactory for the reliability of internal consistency, and the Korean Version of Nurse's Job Crafting Scale was found to be an applicable tool. This study shows that the Korean Version of the Nurse's Job Crafting Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.186-198
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• 2022

With the science curriculum about to be revised in 2022, this study aimed to guide curriculum revision by addressing suggested approaches to the electromagnetism education in elementary school science curriculum. The core concepts of electromagnetism are "electric field" and "magnetic field" as a medium of force, but the current curriculum does not properly describe the core concepts of electromagnetism. Mechanics and electromagnetism should be linked in elementary schools to form science curriculum based on core concepts to solve this problem. Additionally, the nine aspects of technology extracted in this study offer various educational contexts to match the development of engineering technology based on electromagnetism. However, the current curriculum does not comprise these various contexts and focuses on the limited content of electric circuits using light bulbs. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope of the curriculum to better mirror real-life technology. Through the use of more diverse materials and contexts, the scope and level of STS education as well as conceptual learning could be expanded. Finally, in the case of electric circuit learning, various issues such as difficulty in connecting electric circuits and electric field concepts, representativeness of electric circuit, students' learning difficulty, and phenomena-oriented learning should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.111-132
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• 2023

The objective of this research is to conceptualize care competences for adolescents and to develop a valid measurement tool based on this conceptualization. The primary aim is to establish a solid foundation for effective communication in teaching care competences within the domain of home economics education. To achieve this, a comprehensive review of relevant literature and previous studies was conducted, and consultations with experts were undertaken to assess content and criterion-related validity. Furthermore, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The findings from these analyses resulted in a set of 34 items, which were categorized into five distinctive factors representing care competences in adolescents. These factors encompassed four items of care thinking, seven items of care emotion, six items of care behavior, seven items of self-care and ten items of community-care. Additionally, a reliability analysis was performed on the model, confirming the stability and consistency of the five factor structure and the 34 item scale, which assess care competences in adolescents.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.363-380
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• 2023

This study analyzed the difficulties and mathematical modeling knowledge improvement that an elementary school teacher experienced in modifying a mathematics textbook task to a mathematical modeling task. To this end, an elementary school teacher with 10 years of experience participated in teacher-researcher community's repeated discussions and modified the average task in the data and pattern domain of the 5th grade. The results are as followings. First, in the process of task modification, the teacher had difficulties in reflecting reality, setting the appropriate cognitive level of mathematical modeling tasks, and presenting detailed tasks according to the mathematical modeling process. Second, through repeated task modifications, the teacher was able to develop realistic tasks considering the mathematical content knowledge and students' cognitive level, set the cognitive level of the task by adjusting the complexity and openness of the task, and present detailed tasks through thought experiments on students' task-solving process, which shows that teachers' mathematical modeling knowledge, including the concept of mathematical modeling and the characteristics of the mathematical modeling task, has improved. The findings of this study suggest that, in terms of the mathematical modeling teacher education, it is necessary to provide teachers with opportunities to improve their mathematical modeling task development competency through textbook task modification rather than direct provision of mathematical modeling tasks, experience mathematical modeling theory and practice together, and participate in teacher-researcher communities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2022

국가 물관리 측면에서 증발산량과 토양수분량은 자연계 손실로서 국내 수자원 총량의 약43%(563억 m³/년)를 차지하며, 수자원의 계획과 개발, 물순환 과정 규명 및 다양한 수재해 분석 등을 위한 수문 요소이다. 정부는 2005년 「수문조사 선진화 5개년 계획」과 2008년 「제1차 수문조사기본계획(2010~2019년)」을 통해 2019년까지 증발산량과 토양수분량 관측소 확대(각각 25개 지점) 기반을 마련하였고 「수자원의 조사·계획 및 관리에 관한 법률」에 따라 매년 공인 수문 자료로 증발산량과 토양수분량을 측정하고 있다. 증발산량과 토양수분량은 댐 유역의 정밀한 물순환 해석에도 매우 중요한 정보로서 현재 K-water에서의 관측은 일부 시험유역(용담댐 유역)의 flux tower에 의한 에디공분산법(Eddy Covariance Method) 및 토양수분 센서(TDR, Time Domain Reflectometery)에 의한 지점 자료의 생산만 각각 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 K-water 댐 유역의 증발산량 및 토양수분량 관측 현황과 그간 관측된 자료의 특성을 각종 경향성 분석 등과 함께 소개하고자 한다, 증발산량의 경우는 2개소의 flux tower를운영(덕유산 지점 2011년 이후, 용담 지점 2017년 이후)하고 있으며, 토양수분량은 총 7개소(계북, 천천, 상전, 안천, 부귀, 주천 지점 2013년 이후, 장계 지점 2017년 이후)에 TDR센서를 설치, 계측 운영 중이다. 이렇게 관측된 자료는 매년 홍수통제소 주관 관련 전문가 공인심사를 통해 일자료 기준으로 한국수문조사연보에 수록되고 있으며, K-water에서도 연보를 통해 공개된 자료를 기준으로 공공데이터포털(data.go.kr) 등과 연계하여 온라인 자료 서비스 중이다. 한편, 최근 2020년 「제2차 수문조사 기본계획(2020~2029년)」에서는 수자원 위성 개발연구와 연계하여 위성을 활용한 증발산량과 토양수분량 산정 연구의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서 살펴본 지점 자료만으로는 댐 유역을 포함한 광역단위의 시계열 공간정보를 생산하기 한계가 있으며, 댐 유역과 국내 전 지역의 공간 시계열 증발산량 및 토양수분량 자료 산정과 활용 방안에 대해 정립하고, 나아가 위성영상을 활용한 댐 유역 증발산량·토양수분량 관측 가이드라인 마련 등을 위해서는 국가적으로 많은 재원의 투입과 노력이 필요한 상황이다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.369-386
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop the classification of home-based long-term care activities and to test its validity. In this study, the taxonomy of long-term care activities was structured according to the service domain and process. Two expert groups participated in making a draft of the taxonomy that was composed of 7 service domains, 22 care needs, 22 service objectives, and 114 activities. Reliability and validity of the taxonomy was tested in a sample of 152 elderly subjects who used the home-based long-term care services. Based on the factor analysis of 114 activities, 21 factors were extracted from 114 activities. Internal consistency of the factors was high. Content validity was confirmed by the CVI. Long-term care insurance grade was used to assess the criterion validity. Among 21 care needs, 12 cares needs were significantly different from their grade. The classification of home-based long-term care activities demonstrated reliability and validity. In conclusion, the use of this classification is recommended while communicating with the elderly subjects, service providers, and the 3rd party payers.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.325-345
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• 2023

In the rapidly evolving domain of e-commerce, our study presents a cohesive approach to enhance customer satisfaction prediction from online reviews, aligning methodological innovation with practical insights. We integrate the RFE-SHAP feature selection with LDA topic modeling to streamline predictive analytics in e-commerce. This integration facilitates the identification of key features-specifically, narrowing down from an initial set of 28 to an optimal subset of 14 features for the Random Forest algorithm. Our approach strategically mitigates the common issue of overfitting in models with an excess of features, leading to an improved accuracy rate of 84% in our Random Forest model. Central to our analysis is the understanding that certain aspects in review content, such as quality, fit, and durability, play a pivotal role in influencing customer satisfaction, especially in the clothing sector. We delve into explaining how each of these selected features impacts customer satisfaction, providing a comprehensive view of the elements most appreciated by customers. Our research makes significant contributions in two key areas. First, it enhances predictive modeling within the realm of e-commerce analytics by introducing a streamlined, feature-centric approach. This refinement in methodology not only bolsters the accuracy of customer satisfaction predictions but also sets a new standard for handling feature selection in predictive models. Second, the study provides actionable insights for e-commerce platforms, especially those in the clothing sector. By highlighting which aspects of customer reviews-like quality, fit, and durability-most influence satisfaction, we offer a strategic direction for businesses to tailor their products and services.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.200-211
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean middle school student achievement in environmental science based on the TIMSS 2003 (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), a student comparison of 46 participating nations. Korea ranked the fourth with a mean score of 554 in environmental science. However, all 3 environment science topics assessed in TIMSS are not included in the Korean science curriculum through 8th grade, even though they are included in most other participating nations' curricula. The average percent correct of items was analyzed according to the main topic, the item type and the cognitive domain. Items that showed differences between the average percent correct of Korea and the international average as well as differences between the average percent correct of boys and girls were further analyzed. Results revealed that Korean students performed better than the international average, especially in 'use and conservation of natural resources', multiple-choice items, and items requiring 'factual knowledge'. Also, male students demonstrated significantly higher achievement than female students. On the other hand, Korean students showed relatively lower achievement in constructed-response items, items that contained content they had not learned in science lessons and items requiring descriptions of the uses and effect of science and technology. Moreover, Korean student lacked understanding about acid rain, global warming, and ozone layer destruction. Korean female students showed relatively lower environmental conceptions and lower performance on items requiring data analysis than Korean male students. On the basis of these results, this study suggested that topics of environmental science be included in the science curriculum and taught in the science classroom to help middle school students more fully comprehend environmental issues.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2011

Unsaturated soil column tests were performed for weathered gneiss soil and weathered granite soil to assess the relationship between infiltration velocity and rainfall condition for different rainfall durations and for multiple rainfall events separated by dry periods of various lengths (herein, 'rainfall break duration'). The volumetric water content was measured using TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensors at regular time intervals. For the column tests, rainfall intensity was 20 mm/h and we varied the rainfall duration and rainfall break duration. The unit weight of weathered gneiss soil was designed 1.21 $g/cm^3$, which is lower than the in situ unit weight without overflow in the column. The in situ unit weight for weathered granite soil was designed 1.35 $g/cm^3$. The initial infiltration velocity of precipitation for the two weathered soils under total amount of rainfall as much as 200 mm conditions was $2.090{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.854{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.692{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.012{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively. These rates are higher than the repeated-infiltration velocities of precipitation under total amount of rainfall as much as 100 mm conditions ($1.309{\times}10^{-3}$ to $1.871{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.175{\times}10^{-3}$ to $1.581{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively), because the amount of precipitation under 200 mm conditions is more than that under 100 mm conditions. The repeated-infiltration velocities of weathered gneiss soil and weathered granite soil were $1.309{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.854{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s and $1.175{\times}10^{-3}$ to $2.012{\times}10^{-3}$ cm/s, respectively, being higher than the first-infiltration velocities ($1.307{\times}10^{-2}$ to $1.718{\times}10^{-2}$ cm/s and $1.789{\times}10^{-2}$ to $2.070{\times}10^{-2}$ cm/s, respectively). The results reflect the effect of reduced matric suction due to a reduction in the amount of air in the soil.