• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

In this paper, focusing on Oscar Wilde's novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray," we explore the protagonist's lack of conscience and unethical attitude, emphasizing its relevance to our self-development and growth. The primary goal is to interpret the impact of Dorian Gray's actions and choices on personal development and growth, highlighting the importance of a specific mindset and attitude to the reader. It dissects how Wilde navigates the intricate layers of Dorian's character, exposing the ethical dilemmas and transformative moments that contribute to the profound changes within him. The examination sheds light on the depth and complexity of Dorian Gray's character, offering readers a nuanced understanding of the forces at play in his moral and psychological journey. Interpretation of Wilde's intent to impart lessons on the reader's personal growth and development through Dorian's story is undertaken. The discussion also explores the impact of Dorian's unethical attitude on contemporary readers and its influence on our daily lives and values.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.309-336
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• 2011

There were various linking points that connect Li xue(Neo-Confucianism) to aesthetics in Song Dynasty as following. 1. The traditional moral as "pursuing pleasure of Kong-zi and Yan Hui" 2. Esteem of "life and vitality". Scholars of Li xue in Song regarded the pleasure of acting up to "benevolence" as a beauty, and this benevolence originated in the "heaven and earth; the universe". "Benevolence", that is to say, is name of the nature that continuous reproduction breed in an endless succession by "Yin-Yang the universe", thus the natural "life and vitality" of the "heaven and earth" as the matter of course is the perfect beauty. 3. An idea of "serene contemplation". Originally the "serene contemplation" belongs to discipline of "Li xue", however simultaneously this conception was entirely applicable to aesthetic point of view. 4. Cosmological consciousness. In the same manner, the "pleasure" which is moralistic and moreover aesthetic is indivisible from cosmic contemplation itself. Because of this point, the art and aesthetics of Song Dynasty self-consciously had the cosmological consciousness in its fullness. 5. Respect of beauty of nature. Scholars of "Li xue" considered as : no matter what "Li" or "Qi" that producing all things is "coming of itself", that is by no means artificially operated or prearranged in advance. Such standpoint was applied to creative art and made art of Song Dynasty esteem beauty of nature (coming of itself) exceedingly. 6. Laying stress on "disposition". Scholars of "Li xue" ordinarily valued much of "disposition of a sage", consequently this tendency influenced on aesthetics. "disposition" indicates the whole impression that one who has appearance and the inside(personality, temper, thought, etc.) gives to others. By putting that impression into practice of art and literature, it is to materialize the works of art as a unity of form and subject, also as an expression of human existence that breathed into one's sensibility on the whole. 7. Principles of "completing inquiry", "study the laws of nature by close access" of "Li xue". These principles made art and literature of Song Dynasty take a serious view of "Li" of all over the universe, so made them close investigate things, and after all have achieved very remarkable characteristic in art and literature, especially in paintings of Song Dynasty. Theory of painting in Song Dynasty had occupied considerably high position in Chinese aesthetic history. It was positively superior to former generations no matter what in quantity or in theoretical minuteness and its systematic level. Undoubtedly the Chinese theory of painting had been achieving development time after time since Song Dynasty. However if we could make a comparison it with every single period (ex. Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties), there is no prominent period than Song Dynasty in theory of paintings. Song period had number of essays of Landscape painting.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul( mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competant older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al,1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data,191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78(40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenace stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for exercise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, P=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden (F=26.52, P=.0001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical - Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7789-7794
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community-based health education and communication programme on reducing liver fluke infections caused by the consumption of uncooked fish among people in a high-risk area of Thailand. Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental in nature, with three-stages. Stage 1 involved a situational and capacity analysis of designated communities in Khon Kaen province. This was followed by the development of a model for community-based health education and communication to prevent liver fluke infections among high-risk people, and, lastly, implementation and evaluation of the model were performed. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 390 people were surveyed, and quasi-experimental and comparison groups, each with 90 people, were assessed between May 2011 and April 2012. Analysis was using statistical OR, 95 % CI, the Willcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings showed that most respondents had a high level of knowledge and understanding of liver fluke disease (89.5%, 95% CI:86.0-92.4), and positive attitudes toward the prevention of the disease (94.4%, 95% CI:91.6-96.4). However, with regard to changes in consumption of uncooked fish, most respondents were still in the pre-contemplation phase (55.1%, 95% CI:50.0-60.1), followed by the contemplation phase, 22.6%. Furthermore, four factors were found to be associated with the consumption of uncooked fish - the consumption of alcohol (OR 4.16, 95% CI:1.79-9.65), gender (OR 3.17, 95% CI:1.53-6.54), smoking (OR 3.03, 95% CI:1.31-7.05), and age 40 years and above (OR 2.68, 95% CI:1.02-7.05). After nine months of the health education and communication programme using local media based on local wisdom, culture and persons, the results showed that, compared to the control group, members of the experimental group had a higher level of knowledge, a better attitude and lower levels of ill-advised consumption behaviour. Also, it was found that consumption of uncooked fish, by an assessment of the level of stage of change, was reduced. (p-value 0.002). Conclusions: The health education and communication programme developed as part of the study was effective in changing the consumption of uncooked fish. Therefore, this approach should be promoted in other high-risk areas in Thailand in the future.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.263-288
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• 2013

This research is about effects which frontal-flat cameras have on narrative films. This kind of confined camera angles make the audience have a sense of tension which is barely defined logically. I think the tension comes from aleatorism. The paper is a research on how aleatorism is working on what kind of value, and what kind of effects it has on narrative films. Russian Formalism had argued they had to meet aesthetic values by totally excluding narratives. It can be said that this was a practice for Brecht's estrangement that a sensitive arousal prohibits the audience immersing into excessive empathy and then make them have a reflective thought. But occasionally, optical arousals in narrative films induce deeper immersion into contemplation rather than reflective thought. I intend to find cases regarding this textualising Front-flat camera angles in narrative films and analysing their contents. To do this, I suggest a more specified definition of 'aleatorism'. Because the concept of the aleatorism is different between an aspect of static image like paintings or photographs and narrative contents like cinema. It is divided into approach through form and approach through content. And I also suggest an operative definition about 'Frontal-flat camera angle' with a several confinements because its formal definition is very flexible depending on audience. The case analysis will be done with a form of discourse discerning two aspects of form and content. Conclusively, Frontal-flat camera angle in narrative film is basically have an effect of attention by optical stimuli. But it cannot be said that this always means deterioration of narrative value. Depending on causality of episodes in the whole story, aleatorism which Frontal-flat camera angle has can support immersed contemplation regarding following narrative rather than reflective thought regarding amusing aesthetics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.331-338
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• 2020

This study examined factors affecting the stages of exercise behavior among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis was based on data collected from 238 patients who enrolled at the medical center of D university. The participants showed 5 stages of exercise behavior: pre-contemplation 23.9%, contemplation 23.0%, preparation 33.2%, action 5.0%, and maintenance 29.0%. There were statistically significant differences in perceived barriers of exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and perceived health status according to the stage of exercise behavior of the subjects. It was found that among the barriers to exercise, physical and cognitive psychological factors significantly influenced the stages of exercise behavior. Also, exercise self-efficacy significantly affected the stages of exercise behavior. Thus, for rheumatoid arthritis patients to practice and maintain proper exercise behavior, the nursing staff should continue to assess and reduce the barriers to exercise. Exercise programs should enhance self-efficacy to achieve long-term exercise behavior.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.695-708
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to explore the factors affecting on Dietary Behavior Change of the vulnerable elderly based on the Stage of Change. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the data collected from 1,262 elderly who were participated in the case management program. Total 984 participants who responded all questionnaire were included in the analysis. The variables included general characteristics, health behavior, health status, and dietary behavior stage. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, trend test and multi-variate logistic regressions. Results: about twenty four percent of the vulnerable elderly subject was pre-contemplation stage and 46.1% of them was contemplation stage of dietary behavior. Having a depressive mood, dependance of Instrumental Activity of Daily living, and being medicaid affected on starting or on maintaining healthy dietary behavior in vulnerable elderly negatively. Conclusion: The tailored nutritional intervention depending on dietary behavior stage are needed for the vulnerable elderly to improve the health. The program which can maintain the function remained of elderly and give psychological support together will be more effective.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.282-290
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• 2011

The public festival has a positive function to produce more pleasure and better life to urban residents on viewpoint of culture marketing. A research of relation between urban festival's media light environmental and personality type of audiences would give a design guide line on selection of festival media contents. The scope of study festival bounds three urban fesitvals from two thousand eight to two thousand ten. The personaliy indicator is used by self-mootioring scale called NEO-PI-R that Synyder, psychologist established in 1987. This indicator divides into five classes - N: Neutroticism, E: Extaversoon, O: Openness, A: Agreeableness, C: Conscientiousness. As a result, Anaysis of urban festival's media light environments considering five personality type of audiences are described, N type prefers the change a lot and low stability. E type prefers three dimensional video and dynamic production with passionate pressure. O type prefers radiates objects to promote the imaginative creatures with speculation. A type prefers contemplation arts with one way direction. C type prefers orderly art layout with accomplishing intention. The statistics datas anaynize ten factors to describe the urban complicated fesitival guide line clearly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1443-1450
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• 2005

Purpose. The study was conducted to identify predictors of mammography screening for rural Korean women according to 'Stage of Change' from the Transtheoretical Model which, along with the Health Belief Model, formed the theoretical basis for this study. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized. Through convenience sampling 432 women were selected from 2 rural areas. Data were collected by survey. Health beliefs constructs were measured with Champion's HBM Scale-Korea version. Mammography participation was measured using the Stage of Mammography Adoption Scale developed. by Rakowski, et al.(1992). Results. The most frequent stage of mammography adoption was 'contemplation' ($40.5\%$). Predictors of stage of mammography adoption included 'mammogram recommended by health professional' (beta==0.59, t=16.12, p=.000), 'perceived benefits' (beta=0.09, t=2.21, p=.050), 'perceived susceptibility' (beta=0.09, t=1.98, p=.050), and 'perceived barriers' (beta=-0.07, t=-2.05, p=.041). 'Mammogram recommended by health professional' demonstrated the greatest association with having a mammogram. Conclusion. Health professionals play key roles in improving mammography participation and should recognize the importance of their role in cancer prevention and be more actively involved in education and counseling on prevention of breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.350-359
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify change in the exercise behavior and to identify factors influencing long-term adherence to aquatic exercise in patients with arthritis as a follow-up study after five years. Method: Baseline data had been collected using a structured interview 6 months after participants completed the aquatic exercise educational program. This second follow-up data collection included 133 participants from the original baseline study and was done 5 years after the original baseline study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 Win program. Results: The stage of change for the participants was as follows: Precontemplation (44.3%), Contemplation (24.1%), Preparation (3.0%), Action (0%) and Maintenance (adherence, 28.6%). The adherers (N=38) had significantly higher scores than non-adherers (N=91) in self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, group coherence and self-evaluation, and significantly lower scores in barriers to exercise. In logistic regression analysis, self-efficacy, group cohesion, barriers to exercise and self-evaluation were associated with exercise adherence (Chi Square=17.14, p=.002). Group cohesion (OR=2.5871, 95% CI=1.094-6.113, p= .030) was the most important factor. Conclusion: Self-efficacy, group cohesion, barriers to exercise and self-evaluation need to be considered in planning exercise programs to improve exercise adherence.