• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.685-690
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• 2009

Purpose: Autologous fat graft is a widely accepted technique used for soft tissue augmentation. Nonetheless, the use of fat graft is limited by unpredictable survival rates and repeated grafting. To avoid repeated grafting, cryopreserved fat graft technique has recently been widely used. On the other hand, the number of patients with chronic infection(who received cryopreserved fat injection) has currently been increasing. Therefore, this study was focused on the safety of cryopreserved fat injection from the infection. Methods: We collected 150 samples from local aesthetic clinics to examine the safety of cryopreserved autologous fat. To test for microbacterial contaminations of the cryopreserved fat specimens, microbacterial cultures & antibiotics sensitivity tests were performed. Then, we examined possible correlation between the preservation period and donor sites, focused on the results of microbacterial culture. Results: Cultures were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 samples(methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples), Micrococcus species in 3 samples. An average duration of preservation was 191 days and there was no significant correlation between the duration of preservation and microbacterial growth. Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis was the leading cause of cryopreserved fat contamination, and the resistance to methicillin is common. Based on the above results, aseptic handling of fat during harvesting and preservation appeared to be most important.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

This research has been performed by our own investigation, also cooperated with Health and Sanification Division and each of district offices in Busan metropolitan city. After choosing, we collected water samples five times for microbiological examination. As a result of investigating in 160 water samples from urban areas, we could detect 88 cases of Vibrio spp. Furthermore, there were four cases exceeding the acceptable limit of aquarium water (100,00/mL) and another four cases exceeding the limit of Coliform group (1,000 below/100 mL). As a result of investigating that we performed for 271 cases of water samples from coastal areas from April to November, we could detect 130 cases of vibrio species and 10 cases of Coliform group. After performing 17 kinds of antibiotic susceptibility test for 41 cases of isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 27 cases showed tolerance to Amplicllin (AM), all of 31 cases showed intermediate resistance only to Cefazolin (CF) but had sensitivity to the rest of them. As a result of performing antibiotic susceptibility test, serum test and PFGE gene analysis on each 10 pair of Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected concurrently from intake-pipe water and, aquarium water, we couldn't get data showing that they are clearly same species in three kinds of test. In addition, UV sterilization, Ozonization and so on. Based on our research, intake pipe didn't have a problem with microbiological contamination so we are sure that the germ came from supplied fish had caused that kind of contamination. For effective management, UV sterilization or Ozonization which can be handled consistently should be adopted in aquarium.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2022

Excessive presence of As level in groundwater is a major health problem worldwide. In the Red River Delta in Vietnam, several million residents possess a high risk of chronic As poisoning. The As releases into groundwater caused by natural process through microbially-driven reductive dissolution of Fe (III) oxides. It has been extracted by Red River residents using private tube wells for drinking and daily purposes because of their unawareness of the contamination. This long-term consumption of As-contaminated groundwater could lead to various health problems. Therefore, a predictive model would be useful to expose contamination risks of the wells in the Red River Delta Vietnam area. This study used four machine learning algorithms to predict the As probability of study sites in Red River Delta, Vietnam. The GBM was the best performing model with the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 98.7%, 100%, 95.2%, and 100%, respectively. In addition, it resulted the highest AUC of 92% and 96% for the PRC and ROC curves, with Eh and Fe as the most important variables. The partial dependence plot of As concentration on the model parameters showed that the probability of high level of As is related to the low number of wells' depth, Eh, and SO₄, along with high PO₄^3- and NH₄⁺. This condition triggers the reductive dissolution of iron phases, thus releasing As into groundwater.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2008

Tumor tissue is usually contaminated by normal tissue components, which reduces the sensitivity of analysis for exploring genetic alterations. Although microdissection has been adopted to minimize the contamination of tumor DNA with normal cell components, there is a concern over the amount of microdissected DNA not enough to be applied to array-CGH reaction. To amplify the extracted DNA, several whole genome amplification (WGA) methods have been developed, but objective comparison of the array-CGH outputs using different types of WGA methods is still scarce. In this study, we compared the performance of non-amplified microdissected DNA and DNA amplified in 2 WGA methods such as degenerative oligonucleotide primed (DOP)-PCR, and multiple strand displacement amplification (MDA) using Phi 29 DNA polymerase. Genomic DNA was also used to make a comparison. We applied those 4 DNAs to whole genome BAC array to compare the false positive detection rate (FPDR) and sensitivity in detecting copy number alterations under the same hybridization condition. As a result microdissected DNA method showed the lowest FPDR and the highest sensitivity. Among WGA methods, DOP-PCR amplified DNA showed better sensitivity but similar FPDR to MDA-amplified method. These results demonstrate the advantage and applicability of microdissection for array-CGH analysis, and provide useful information for choosing amplification methods to study copy number alterations, especially based on precancerous and microscopically invaded lesions.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Since a large amount of radioactive waste is expected to be generated due to permanent shutdown of many nuclear power plants, it is necessary to prepare efficient management methods for radioactive waste. Therefore, there is a need for a based study to apply the In-Situ gamma spectrometry, which can simplify the measurement procedure. The purpose of this study is to analyze research cases of In-Situ gamma spectrometry and to analyze the sensitivity of measurement according to influencing factors on In-Situ gamma spectrometry. Research cases of five institutions, including the CERN and the Imperial College Reactor Centre (ICRC), were selected as the institutions to be investigated. Research on the In-Situ gamma spectrometry was conducted on the satisfaction of the acceptance criteria for radioactive waste and the analysis of residual radioactivity in the site. In-Situ Objective Counting System (ISOCS) was used as a major measuring device. Sampling and computer code were used to verify the analysis results. For evaluation of measuring sensitivity according to influencing factors on In-Situ gamma spectrometry, the thickness of the measurement target, the distance between the detector and the target, the angle of the collimator, and the contamination location were performed using ISOCS's Geometry Composer. In every case, based on 122 keV, the efficiency decreased as the energy increased in the high energy region, and the efficiency decreased as the energy decreased in the low energy region. As the target thickness increased, the efficiency decreased, and as the distance between target and detector increased, the efficiency decreased. As the distance between contamination and detector increased, the efficiency decreased, and as the angle of the collimator increased, the measurement efficiency increased. However, when simulating the measurement situation using Geometry Composer, the background is not considered, and the probability of incident in the background increases as the angle increases, so further research needs to be conducted in consideration of these. This study can be utilized when applying the In-Situ gamma spectrometry of radioactive waste clearance in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2007

A new procedure for the concentration of nonoviruses from water samples has been developed. This procedure (calcium flocculation-citrate dissolution method) uses the following steps: virus flocculation formed by treatment with 1 M $CaCl_2$ and 1 M $Na_2HPO_4$, virus release by sodium citrate dissolution (0.3 M Na citrate, pH 3.5), and virus re-concentration by ultrafiltration. When reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed after the procedure, the overall detection sensitivity for seeded noroviruses in a one liter drinking water sample was as low as 1 RT-PCR unit, which is equal to a $10^{-6}$ dilution of the virus sample. This approach showed at least a 5-fold-higher sensitivity than the current method with its three steps of adsorption-elution-concentration. The newly developed procedure was used to test different brands of bottled drinking water from China for putative contamination with noroviruses. A total of 144 samples were analyzed; all of the samples were negative for norovirus specific nucleic acids.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a cost and time saving one-step multiplex RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of swine influenza viruses (SIV) and 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (pH1N1). The one-step multiplex RT-PCR using four sets of primer was confirmed to be capable of detection of all SIV subtypes and differential diagnosis of major SIV subtype H1, H3 and pH1N1 on individual or mixed viral culture samples. The sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR was determined to be at least $2^{-6}$ $HA/25{\mu}L$ of the presented SIVs, providing sufficient efficacy for a routine SIV monitoring in diagnostic laboratories. In addition, compared with the conventional RT-PCR methods that cannot avoid the carryover DNA contamination, the developed RT-PCR applied with the uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) system was proven to prevent a false positive reaction by carryover contamination of the pre-amplified DNA. In conclusion, the one-step RT-PCR with UNG system could be applicable to detect and differentiate of SIV from the viral cultures without worry of carryover DNA contamination in clinical laboratories.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2002

The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quality of water based on indicator microorganisms whose presence indicates that pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Various groups of microorganisms have been suggested and used as indicator microorganisms. Proposed and commonly used microbial indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic plate count, bacteriophage, and so on. Unfortunately, most, if not all, of these indicators are not ideal because of the sensitivity and resistance to environment stresses and disinfection. However, the development of gene probes and PCR technology may give hope for the discovery of rapid and simple methods toy detecting small number of fecal pathogens in various environments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2205-2209
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• 2009

Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a wide-spread problem in both New Zealand and South Korea and has lead to eutrophication of receiving lakes and rivers. Denitrification in groundwater has the potential to reduce inputs of N to these receiving waters but quantification of the amount of denitrification taking place is difficult. A series of denitrification measurements have been carried out in the field at selected groundwater locations in New Zealand using a recently developed re-circulating well technique to increase sensitivity. This is an ongoing project and the methodology and sites are described and some preliminary results discussed. An overview of the collaborative research programme on in-situ groundwater processes (in which this denitrification project is a component) is provided.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1997

A rapid and sensitive detection of BmNPV contamination in silkworm rearing room was carried by Plymerase chain reaction(PCR). Silkworm nuclear polyhedra were dissolved for the extraction of viral DNA within 30 minutes followed by the treatment of alkaline solution. The combination of primers of NP3 and NP2 was superior in PCR to the other 7 primers applied. Each primer was designed with 20 base in size and Newly designed NP3 of sense and the already reported NP2 for antisense were better in reaction than other primers. PCR products appeared 500bp in size. And annealing was confirmed proper at 55$^{\circ}C$ condition. Amplifiable template DNA amount was confirmed at least 100 ng to 0.1 ng and regarded as applicative for the assay of silkworm rearing environmental condition of sericultural farm. In case of the detection of BmNPV from the dust, sensitivity by PCR was as high as 1,000,000 times than that of microscopic observation.