• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.263-277
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• 2022

Purpose: This descriptive study examined the management status of the home health care visiting vehicles and the nurse bags, by the home health care center of hospitals (at the hospital level or higher) in Korea, and identified the relevant factors. Methods: Of 120 managers or home health care nurses from medical institutions at hospital level or higher that provide home nursing, 93 individuals participated in the study in July 2021. Results: Hospitals that followed standard guidelines were more likely to perform internal disinfection of home health care visiting vehicles, and distinguished between clean and contaminated areas inside the visiting vehicles. Further, hospitals that followed standard guidelines were more likely to use more barrier surfaces to protect the surfaces of nurse bags to prevent infection. In addition, hospitals supporting the washing cost of the interior of home health care visiting vehicles were more likely to conduct the washing, and hospitals supporting nurse bags were more likely to use barrier surfaces to protect the bags' surfaces. Conclusion: This study only investigated home health care centers at hospital level or higher. Therefore, to generalize the results of the study, it is necessary to conduct a qualitative study involving additional investigation of home health care visiting vehicles and nurse bags and interviews with nurses from all domestic home health care centers.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The electrokinetic apparatus for remediation of the soil contaminated with $Sr^{2+}$ was designed. After kaolin clay compulsorily contaminated by $Sr^{2+}$ solution, the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. Meanwhile. the numerical code for analysis of electrokinetic migration was developed for modelling of the soil remediation. And the input parameters needed for modelling were measured by laboratory experiment or taken from literature. Experimental results are as follows: After 3 day remidiation under 40 voltage, the front part of experimental cell was almost decontaminated, but the behind part didnt almost be decontaminated. Consequently. the total remediation ratio of $Sr^{2+}$ from cell soil was about 42.6%. Also, the total $Sr^{2+}$remediation ratio from cell soil was about 84.8% after 6 days. The values calculated by the developed code almost agreed with experimental values When voltages of electrode were increased by 10, 30, 40V, the total $Sr^{2+}$ remediation ratlos were about 21.9%. 43.3%, 84.8%, respectively, after 6 days.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-40
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• 1992

Cheju Island formed by Quarternary volcanism provides highly permeable hydrogeological environment. To meet the increasing demand of water in the island, many groundwater wells have been developed. The environmental isotopes(oxygen-18, deuterium, tritium) and chemical analysis of water samples from the eastern part of the island were carried out to ascertain whether groundwater in the eastern part of the island was contaminated by sea water. The result of tritium analysis indicated fast infiltration of meteoric water into underground and rapid mixing process between rain water and groundwater. The results of oxygen-18 and deuterium analysis demonstrated that most of the wells in the eastern part of the island were influenced by sea water intrusion. Chemical analysis of water samples revealed that most groundwater in study area were classified into Na-Cl type and showed high chloride/bicarbonate ratios. Sea water intrusion in the northeastern part of the island has proceeded at least 3 km within the coastaline, and in the south eastern part about 700m.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 1969

The results of water analysis for 10 stations in the main Naktong and 11 stations in the tributaries from March to December 1968 are as follows: The water quality of the Naktong River Basin is generally the frist class of water, especially the tributaries, Hwang river, Nam river, Milyang river, Naesongchun, Hoechun, Wichun and Panbyunchun were dissolved in less than 100 mg/l as the amount of the total ion of the main component. In comparison with river discharge, the amount of the total ion of the main component is decreased in June and July, because of the river discharge is increased in those periods. According to the measurement of the conductivity and the hardness, the better water quality is distinguished by the following order: lower part of river (Namji), middle part of river (Waegwan), upper part of river (Yean). The conductivity of Kumho river, Tongchon is higher than the middle part of the main river and Nam river, Chongam is smaller than lower part of the main rivller. The variation of the amount of the total ion of main component in the basin is mainly effected by $HCO_3^-, SO_4^{-2}, Cl^-, Ca^{+2}$. The relationship between $[K^+]\;and\;[C^l-]\;and\;[Na^+]\;and\;[Cl^-]\;are\;[K^+]=0.04\;[Cl^-]+1.7\;mg/l,\;[Na^+]=0.06\;[Cl^-]$ mg/l .The main river was much contaminated by Kumho river and C.O.D. at Gang-chung, Kumho river in June was recorder over the standard about 7 times.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.711-719
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• 2010

We investigated physiological responses and phytoextraction ability of Pinus thunbergii in cadmium contaminated soil as part of our efforts in identifying plant materials for the restoration and revegetation of forest soil contaminated by heavy metals. Thirty seedlings (ten per treatment) were assigned to three treatments (control, 0.3 and 0.6 mM $CdSO_4$ solution) at first year experiment. At second year, ten seedlings per treatment treated with Cd during the first year experiment were divided by two groups (no Cd-treated and consecutive Cd-treated group). At first experiment, photosynthetic pigment content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities have significantly reduced by Cd application, and the reduction rate was increased much higher as the rate of Cd application increased. On the other hand, thiol and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased at the application of 0.6 mM of Cd. At the second year experiment, a general increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content was observed with Cd treatment while SOD and GR activities showed a relative reduction compared to the control. Similar to the first year measurement, thiol and MDA contents also increased considerably due to Cd treatment. At harvest, dry matter was significantly reduced by Cd treatment especially at the rate of 0.6 mM Cd, but dry yield of P. thunbergii treated with 0.3 mM Cd was less affected and it was comparable with the control seedling. Cadmium concentration in seedling tissues increased with increasing Cd application rate while Cd uptake was higher in seedlings supplied with 0.3 mM Cd, which could be ascribed to their high dry matter. Overall, our study has demonstrated the unique physiological response of P. thunbergii to Cd-prolonged exposure by showing that the changes in photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidative enzyme activities were dependent on the concentration and duration of treatment. In addition, our results have demonstrated the potential of P. thunbergii to withstand up to 0.3 mM Cd (equivalent to cumulative Cd concentration of 134.4 to 268 mg $kg^{-1}$) without showing growth reduction, hence it might be used for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated areas.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2013

Hosta longipes is one of the most popular ornamental perennials in use in Korea today, and is mainly used as a groundcover plant in urban shaded places. In this study, the pytoremediation effect of Hosta longipes was tested using four concentrations (Control, 100, 250 and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. The plants were planted in $300mm{\times}200mm{\times}250mm$ drainless-containers, which were filled with a artificial amended soil for 7 months. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals cadmium and lead in the shoot of Hosta longipes increased with increasing heavy metal concentration levels exception of zinc. The amount of zinc, cadmium, and lead accumulated in roots were increased with heavy metal concentration levels up in soil. The shoot/root ratios(TF; translocation factor) values were found to be more than 80% of total Zn, Cd, and Pb take up by Hosta longipes. These results indicated that root is the major part for accumulation of heavy metal. The removal contents of zinc, cadmium, and lead increased significantly with the increasing heavy metal concentration in the soil, which was planted with Hosta longipes. The heavy metal concentration accumulation in plant/soil ratios (BF; bioaccumulation factor) values for three metals were found to be more than 30% in cadmium and lead, but lower in zinc treatments. The different responses of Hosta longipes suggest that in heavy metal contaminated soils the plant adsorbs available metals depending on the concentration soils in which they are present. Therefore, this species can be an efficient phytoremediator for soils contaminated with cadmium and lead in urban shaded places.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

In order to select proper plants for phytoremediation at heavy metal contaminated areas, eight species of non-edible plants were cultivated at the heavy metal contaminated soils near a metal smelter. The content of the absorbed heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and As) at different part of the plants were analyzed. Plants included five tree species (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Euonymus japonica, Acer palmantum, Celtis sinensis, Buxus microphylla), two flower species (Rhododendron lateritium, Calendula officinalis), and lawn (Zoysia japonica). Biomass yield of tree species was higher than those of flower or lawn species. Heavy metals were highly accumulated in roots compared to those In leaves and stems. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and As in Buxus microphylla were greater than those in other plant species. Total absorbed Cd and Pb contents, from high to low by each plant in experimental plots were in the order of Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Celtis sinensis and Acer palmantum. They were Celtis sinensis, Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii and Buxus microphylla for Cu, and Buxus microphylla, Acer palmantum and Populus nigra x P. maimowiczii for As. It was estimated that among eight plant species used in the experiment Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii, Buxus microphylla, Acer palmantum, and Celtis sinensis were the most effective species for phytoremediation in the heavy metals polluted areas considering biomass yield and heavy metal uptake.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.132-148
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• 2019

Recently, safety and environmental concerns have become major social issues. Especially, a special underground-safety law has been made and enacted to prevent ground subsidence around construction sites. For environmental problems, several researches have started or will start on characterization of contaminated sites, in-situ environmental remediation in subsurface, and monitoring of remediation results. As a part of the researches, geophysical surveys, which have been mainly applied to explore mineral resources, geological features or ground, are used to characterize not only contaminated areas but also fluid flow paths in subsurface environments. As a basic study for the application of geophysical surveys to detect contamination in subsurface, this paper analyzes previous researches to understand changes in geophysical properties of contaminated zones by various contaminants such as leachate, heavy metals, and non-adequate phase liquid (NAPL). Furthermore, this paper briefly introduces how geophysical surveys like direct-current electrical resistivity, induced polarization and ground penetration radar surveys can be applied to detect each contamination, before analyzing case studies of the applications in contaminated areas by NAPL, leachate, heavy metal or nitrogen oxides.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2023

Five local governments along the Korea-Japan Sea (Jeju, Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, Busan, Ulsan) operate a joint countermeasure committee regarding the marine discharge of contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant by Japan's Tokyo Electric Power Plant. This study compared and analyzed citizen surveys, response strategies, and detailed action plans conducted by the Jeju Research Institute, Busan Research Institute, and Ulsan Research Institute as part of a study on countermeasures for the marine discharge of contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan. The purpose was to present basic data for the preparation of effective measures. As a result of the perception survey, all citizens of local governments showed a strong negative perception of marine discharge regardless of scientific research results, and it is expected that future fisheries and tourism industries will suffer great damage. In response strategies for each local government, building a control tower was found to be the most urgent task common to all local governments. It is judged that this is because it is necessary to break away from the organization-centered system and to respond to the function-centered system for effective response. In terms of response methods, while Jeju and Busan established response plans for each sector, Ulsan City focused on practical responses with step-by-step response measures according to the release time. In terms of content, the establishment of a marine product radiation inspection system and publicity to relieve public anxiety were important. As the marine discharge of contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant is scheduled to continue until 2030, strengthening the network for sharing research results and achievements among local government research institutes was deemed necessary.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2017

This study was performed to develop the efficient phytoremediation model in the paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals by cultivating Pteris multifida and Artemisia princeps with different mixing ratios (1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1). As a result of investigating the heavy metal accumulation of each plant per dried material (1 kg), content of arsenic and cadmium was the highest in aerial part of P. multifida (169.82, $1.70mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) among the treated group. Lead content was the highest ($12.58mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$) in the aerial part of P. multifida cultivated with 8:1 mixed planting. But the content of copper and zinc was the highest (33.94, $61.78mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) in the aerial part of A. princeps with 8:1 treatment. Regardless of heavy metals, plant uptake from the $1m^2$ soil was the highest in 4:1 mixed planting group, which showed the best yield of A. princeps.