• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2008

In many dynamic seals such as lip seal and compression packings, it is well known that wear occur at the surface of heat treated steel shaft as results of the intervened wear particle. It is widely understood that the dominant wear mechanism related in sealing surfaces is abrasive wear. However, little analytical and experimental studies about this problems have been done until now. In this paper, a contact analysis is carried out using MARC to investigate the wear mechanism in contact seal applications considering elastomeric seal, a elastic perfect-plastic micro-spherical particle and steel surface. Deformed seal shapes, contact and von-Mises stress distributions for various particle sizes and interference are showed. The maximum von-Mises stress within steel shaft was exceeded its yield strength and plastic deformation occurred at steel surface. Therefore, the sealing surface can be also worn by sub-surface fatigue due to wear particles together with well known abrasion. The numerical methods and models used in this paper can be applied in design of dynamic sealing systems, and further intensive studies are required.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2009

All the failure in fatigue of torsion, bending and rolling contact, and in sliding wear begins mostly from surface. So much efforts have been invested to the surface technology which deal these problems during past decades, but the industrial demand keeps growing and more significant requirements are added to researchers and engineers. Nano crystal surface modification technology which makes the surface layers into nano crystalline, induces big and deep compressive residual stress, increases surface hardness, improves surface hardness, and make micro dimples structure on surface is an emerging technology which can break limits of current surface technology and relieve the burden of researchers and engineers. In this study, a nano crystal surface modification technology which is calling UNSM(Ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification) technology, is introduced and how it has been applied to industry to solve these failure problems is explained.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1990

Being focused on the recent studies that the fatigue strength of resistance spot weldmentes can be improved by using ellipsoidal weld nuggets, the voltage and temperature distribution in resistance spot weldments were simulated for the various rectangular electrodes which had the different aspect ratio of the contact area. Because the electrode shape was not axi-symmetric, the solution domain for simulation should be three dimensional. A series of experiments were carred out to verify the analytically obtained temperature distribution in the weldment. From the calculational and experimental results, it could be revealed that the nugget took the form of ellipsoid, while both results showed a considerable discrepancy for the high aspect ratio.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2012

This paper considers two linear drive systems using roller gear mechanism(RGM), one is the RRP(roller rack pinion) system that consists of a roller rack and a cam pinion, the other is the CRP(cam rack pinion) system that consists of a cam rack and a roller pinion. Through the comparison of contact forces and load-stress factors between two linear drive systems, it reveals that the RRP system is superior to the CRP system in the aspect of the bending strength, while the CRP system has higher contact fatigue resistance than that of the RRP system.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.651-657
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• 2010

180 bar 이상의 최대 폭발압과 높은 열부하를 가진 박용 디젤엔진의 분리형 피스톤은 크라운과 스커트를 각각 고강도 합금강과 연성주철을 사용한다. 피스톤의 피로설계를 위해서는 작용 하중, 표면조도 뿐만 아니라 온도영향에 의한 강도 저하를 고려해야 하며, 실린더 내부의 폭발력이 크라운을 거쳐 스커트에 전달되는 하중의 분율도 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 노치부의 피로강도 증분을 응력구배방법을 사용하여 고려하였으며, 열전달해석과 그에 따른 온도영향을 고려하였다. 하중 분율과 접촉압력은 공차해석을 통해 최적화하였으며, 프로타입 엔진에 대한 실차 시험을 통해 냉각 및 내구설계를 검증하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2013

전기저항 측정법을 이용하여 전도성을 띄는 소재는 손상예측이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 차량용 소재로 이용하는 폴리프로필렌(PP)를 이용할 때 재료 내부에 발생될 손상 평가법을 고안하였다. PP 내부에 전도성을 부여하기 위해 탄소나노튜브(CNT)를 0.5 wt% 삽입하여 CNT/PP 복합재료를 제조하였다. 손상 평가를 하기 위해 시편 내부에 구리선을 삽입하여 가로와 세로, 대각선 구간을 설정하여 측정하였다. 시편의 모형은 $20^{\circ}$ 휘어진 시편을 사용하였다. 동적 압축 실험에 따른 전기저항 측정을 통해 구간별로 전기저항 변화도를 분석하였다. 동적 압축 실험에 따른 구간별 전기저항 변화도의 신호는 재료 내부에 전가된 응력을 나타내는 신호이다. 전기저항 측정 구간에서 전기저항 변화도가 높은 경우는 미세 손상이 발생되었음을 의미한다. 전기저항 측정법을 이용한 동적 압축 실험에 따른 예상 손상부위와 실제 파괴 실험을 통해 본 평가 방법을 이용하여 재료 내부 미세 손상을 예측할 수 있는 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

Structural analysis of a brake shoe for commercial vehicle was performed using finite element method. Since the strength of a brake shoe is affected by the magnitude and distribution shape of the contact pressure with the drum, the contact pressure between the shoe friction material and drum was calculated using a 2-Dimensional non-linear contact analysis in a state. And the brake was actuated by input air pressure and the drum of it was calculated both stationary and dynamic based on forced torque applied to the drum during the static state analysis. The results of the above analysis were then used as the load boundary conditions for a 3-Dimensional shoe model analysis to determine the maximum strain on the shoes. In the analysis model, the values of tensile test were used for the material properties of the brake shoes and drum, while the values of compression test were used for the friction material. We assumed it as linear variation, even though the properties of friction material were actually non-linear. The experiments were carried out under the same analysis conditions used for fatigue test and under the same brake system which equipped with a brake drum based on the actual axle state in a vehicle. The strains were measured at the same locations where the analysis was performed on the shoes. The obtained results of the experiment matched well with those from the analysis. Consequently, the model used in this study was able to determine the stress at the maximum air pressure at the braking system, thereby a modified shoe model in facilitating was satisfied with the required endurance strength in the vehicle.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 제5회 압연심포지엄 신 시장 개척을 위한 압연기술
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• pp.216-222
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• 2004

The caster roll shells have the good thermal conductivity and the low thermal expansion and have to exhibit high enough strength and good ductility at temperature up to $600^{\circ}C$. Thermal stress in particular is very high due to the contact with the liquid aluminium. The main stresses are of thermal origin, which bring a plastic fatigue on surface. This paper will represent one survey about the investigation of the failure of roll shells for continuous casters and an analysis using the simulation of the temperature distribution and the state of stress during hot rolling. Moreover, there will be a discussion on the roll shell of Mod. HAR 5 which is developed by heat treatment process. Mod. HAR 5 has advantages of high strength, high toughness and increased thermal stress resistance while maintaining the same productivity as the conventional roll.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2017

Objectives: To determine the combined effect of fatigue cyclic loading and thermocycling (CLTC) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin cement to zirconia surfaces that were previously air-abraded with aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles at different pressures. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two cuboid zirconia specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the air-abrasion pressures (1, 2, and 2.8 bar), and each group was further divided into 2 groups depending on aging parameters (n = 12). Panavia F 2.0 was placed on pre-conditioned zirconia surfaces, and SBS testing was performed either after 24 hours or 10,000 fatigue cycles (cyclic loading) and 5,000 thermocycles. Non-contact profilometry was used to measure surface roughness. Failure modes were evaluated under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and ${\chi}^2$ tests (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: The 2.8 bar group showed significantly higher surface roughness compared to the 1 bar group (p < 0.05). The interaction between pressure and time/cycling was not significant on SBS, and pressure did not have a significant effect either. SBS was significantly higher (p = 0.006) for 24 hours storage compared to CLTC. The 2 bar-CLTC group presented significantly higher percentage of pre-test failure during fatigue compared to the other groups. Mixed-failure mode was more frequent than adhesive failure. Conclusions: CLTC significantly decreased the SBS values regardless of the air-abrasion pressure used.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

최근 경량 소재에 대한 수요 증가로 기존 금속과 복합재간 접합 관심이 지대하다. 리벳팅과 같은 볼트 체결인 기계적 결합의 경우 응력 집중, 균열 및 박리가 발생함에 따라 접착제를 사용한 화학적 결합이 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 접착제의 접합강도 향상을 위해 레이저 및 플라즈마 표면처리를 진행하였으며, 이에 대한 접착특성을 평가하고자 한다. 접합강도 실험을 위해 흔히 자동차용 소재로 사용되는 탄소섬유강화플라스틱(CFRP), CR340(Steel)과 Al6061(Aluminum)을 실험 소재로 선정해 레이저 및 플라즈마 표면처리를 진행 후 단축전단강도를 측정하였다. 플라즈마 표면처리 후 CFRP-CR340 및 CFRP-Al6061 이종소재 시편에서 각각 접합강도가 7.3% 및 39.2% 향상되었다. CR340-Al6061 시편은 레이저 표면처리에서 기준 시편대비 56.2% 증가하였다. 플라즈마 표면처리 후 표면자유에너지(SFE)가 향상되었는데 이는 화학반응 메커니즘을 통해 손상을 최소화해 접합강도 향상을 나타낸 것으로 사료된다. 레이저 표면처리는 물리적 표면처리로 거친 접합 표면 생성으로 인해 mechanical interlocking 효과로 인해 접착 강도가 향상된 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구를 토대로 실제 구조물 파손의 대표적인 원인인 피로파손을 예방하기 위해 장기 피로시험을 진행 할 예정이다.